Foresight has been applied at global and regional levels to support the design and implementation of policies and strategies.
The same is true with respect to the horizontal coordination between research and other policy areas. Both struggle with temporal coordination of policies 8. Therefore, to enable an appropriate design, implementation and management of an international foresight exercise
the ability to shape a common path to follow becomes important. This should be built upon a collective vision,
C. Cagnin, T. Ko nno la/Futures 59 (2014) 27 38 28 In the design phase is important to structure aspects such the interactions between people (e g. participants, stakeholders, policy and decision makers,
'Here the results are translated into policy strategies, thus enabling results to be adapted to different policy making bodies or organisations 23.
Such flexibility can also serve diverse users of foresight results, thus leading to diverse impacts in different regions and conditions. 3. Case:
The innovation roadmaps 24 highlight the main milestones of innovation activities (i e. research and development, management and policy actions) which are needed to achieve a desired vision.
i) policy and governance,(ii) international Industrial r&d,(iii) knowledge society and (iv) environmental sustainability; 5. Positioning the scenario snapshots within the defined framework.
i) promotion through flyers, the project's website and marketing material distributed in both academic conferences and policy debates;(
The objectives of the exercise as well as the expected impacts on industry and policy were discussed also in meetings with the European commission.
as well as to explain how results could be presented to different audiences (policy, industry and research). In the design of the first online survey it was necessary to explain
Future-oriented technology analysis Strategic intelligence for an Innovative economy, Springer-verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008.11 T. Ko nno la, K. Haegeman, Embedding foresight in transnational research programming, Science and Public policy 39
) 219 235.17 C. Cagnin, E. Amanatidou, M. Keenan, Orienting EU innovation systems towards grand challenges and the roles that FTA can play, Science and Public policy 39 (2012) 140
Impact on policy and decision-making The 2006 FTA INTERNATIONAL SEVILLE SEMINAR Fabiana Scapolo a,, Alan L. Porter b c, d, Michael Rader e a European commission Directorate General Joint research Centre, Brussels, Belgium b R&d for Search Technology, Inc
.,Norcross, GA, United states c Industrial & Systems Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA d Public policy, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, USA e
The overarching theme was the impact of fta approaches on policy and decision-making, 2 placing emphasis on the delivery of valued policy outcomes and impacts from FTA ACTIVITIES. 1. FTA assumptions,
methods and approaches Four of the six contributions address a specific theme of the Seminar on the evolution over the years of FTA assumptions, methods and approaches.
and vary from concerns with the take-up of FTA knowledge in policy and decision processes, through to organisational vision-building,
Regulatory foresight is conceived as strategic activity undertaken by governments and policy-makers responsible for regulatory regimes to shape
To increase the possibilities of successful policies, decision makers should identify and anticipate possible directions and options.
and the study of evidence-based policy and scientific advice regimes. Nonetheless, there was a push to extend concepts and theoretical insights from these areas to a larger variety of social sciences and humanities disciplines, such as epistemology, political science, sociology, economics
and provide knowledge on the impact of fta approaches on policy and decision-making: It is becoming evident that FTA is a useful tool to facilitate,
it is important that FTA practitioners understand the policy-making process. This could be achieved by adapting and fine-tuning FTA ACTIVITIES to fit particular context and clients.
The challenge remains to have FTA ACTIVITIES more closely integrated within the policy-making process. However, influencing policy-making
implementation and monitoring of the JRC work programme in support to the JRC's mission to provide scientific and technological support to the European community Policy making.
During her career she was involved also in different prospective studies to gather anticipatory intelligence in specific policy fields.
and of Public policy at Georgia Tech, where he co-directs the Technology policy and Assessment Center.
mutual learning and collective visioning 4. New (systemic) policy instruments have been/are being developed to facilitate such interaction between relevant stakeholders 5
Different from more policy oriented institutional Foresight exercises, IF is focused more on New Product development processes, where stakeholders,
Living Labs 32 are systemic policy instruments that facilitate user-driven and social innovation in a natural, more ecologically valid research context, reflecting real life situations and conditions.
2005.8 E. Von Hippel, Democratizing Innovation, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2005.9 R. Williams, D. Edge, The social shaping of Technology research Policy 25 (1996) 865
Challenges of user involvement in future technology analysis, Science and Public policy 37 (2010) 51 61.20 C. Lettl, User involvement competence for radical innovation, Journal of Engineering and Technology management
challenges and policies are formulated, and how these resonate across its value chain. The first phase (organisational strategy) consists in supporting the definition of the strategic positioning of a firm within its environment.
Overall, the implementation of government policies should take place through transparent and efficient public management. It should,
in order to enhance the implementation of sustainable policies and increase transparency. The implementation of the proposed 3 The system proposes the use of the Commonkads 35
which resulted in the design of more robust and consistent policies that were aligned with local needs.
%and the later from 30%to 60%in relation to implementation of public policies. 3. 1. 4. Negative results The main problem occurred in the translation of
and citizens'representatives was converted not directly into input for policy design due to the fact that such decisions required the acceptance of governmental bodies.
and Public policy (2012)( forthcoming. 41 C. Cagnin, D. Loveridge, O. Saritas, FTA and equity: new approaches to governance, Futures 43 (2011) 279 291.42 K. Koschatzky, Foresight as a governance concept at the interface between global challenges and regional innovation potentials, European Planning
lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues, Science and Public policy (2012)( forthcoming. 49 T. Ko nno la, A. Salo, C. Cagnin, V. Carabias, E. Vilkkumaa, Facing the future:
scanning, synthesizing and sense-making in horizon scanning, Science and Public policy (2012)( forthcoming. 50 C. Bezold, C. Bettles, C. Juech, E. Michelson, J. Peck, K. Wilkins, Foresight for Smart Globalization:
or identifying new business fields or new policy issues. The link between futures research and open innovation became apparent in past research.
but also architects, people from advertising and art, secondary school children and students to provide a‘‘fresh perception of an appropriate future water policy''49.4.1.1.
Impact of fta Approaches on Policy and Decision-making, Seville, 2006.24 J. Hausschildt, S. Salomo, Innovations Management, 4th ed.,Vahlen, Munich, 2007.25 R. Solow, Technical change
. A. Firestone, Multisite qualitative policy research: optimizing description and generalizability, Educational Research 12 (1987) 14 19.47 A j. Berkhout, The Dynamic Role of Knowledge in Innovation.
Science and Public policy February 2010 0302-3427/10/010003-04 US$12. 00 Beech tree Publishing 2010 3 Science and Public policy, 37 (1 february 2010, pages
Impacts and implications of future-oriented technology analysis for policy and decision-making Karel Haegeman, Jennifer C Harper and Ron Johnston Experiences of recent years place a premium, for governments and individuals,
which addressed the challenge of increasing the impact of future-oriented technology analysis on policy and decision-making. HE RECENT ONSET OF CRISES AND challenges ranging from climate change, finanncia and economic downturns,
The contributors to this special section of Science and Public policy believe that forward-looking approaches need further tailoring
identifying its different possible roles for policy and decision-making. It then formulaate a set of general recommendations with the intentiio of improving the policy impact of fta.
Last but not least, it introduces the different contributions to this special section one by one, highlighting the way in
The third conference focused on the impact that FTA can have on policy and decisiionmaking and its implications.
Defining FTA and its impact on policy and decision-making FTA is a generic label that groups a number of forward-looking methodologies used to better T Karel Haegeman is at the Institute for Prospective Technologicca Studies, Knowledge for Growth Unit, Edificio
Introduction Science and Public policy February 2010 4 anticipate and shape future technological developmennts mainly, technology foresight, technology forecasting and technology assessment.
and Popper (2007) defined six principles to distinguish FTA from other policy-support techniqques future-orientation, participation, evidencebassed multidisciplinarity, coordinated mobilisation of people and resources,
Refining FTA METHODOLOGIES with the aim to imprrov their impact on policy and decision-making requires a clear definition of
At first sight, the degree of action-orientation of any FTA is likely to determine the degree of its impact on policy and decision-making.
Dr Jennifer Cassingena Harper is the director of policy within the Malta Council for Science and Technology with responsibility for national research and innovation strategy and foresight.
Requirements analysis, institutional analyses, stakeholder analyses, social impact assessment, mitigation strategising, sustainability analyses, action analyses (policy assessment), relevance trees, futures wheel
trend impact analysis Introduction Science and Public policy February 2010 5 Six functions of FTA for policy-making are:
informing policy; facilitating policy implementation; embedding participation in policy-making; supporting policy definition; reconfiguring the policy system; and having a symbolic function.
These functions were an important outcome of the Second International Seville Seminar on Future-oriented technology analysis held in 2006.
The exteen to which one or more of these functions have been fulfilled can be considered as the degree of impaac on policy-making.
Refining FTA for more impact on policy and decision-making With a view to improving the impact of fta on policy-making and thus on the extent to
which FTA succeeds in fulfilling the above-mentioned functions, the Third International Seville Conference on Future-oriented technology analysis arrived at various general recommendations for increasing the impacts of FTA ACTIVITIES in policy-making,
Make sure the client's policy commitments as well as communication resources are provided well for and planned early in the process.
Translate and transfer FTA outputs into policy and decision outcomes. What has been accepted by many FTA practitioners as‘post-foresight,
Apart from these general recommendations, individuua papers presented at the conference proposed a wide variety of methodological approaches that could improve policy impact.
and Public policy explore how both public and private organisations are able to deal with the issue of uncertainty by incorpooratin forward-looking methodologies into their decision-making processes.
**Introduction Science and Public policy February 2010 6 scans in the UK, The netherlands and Denmark, as developed in the ERA NET Forsociety Project.
by challenging policy-makers to look at uncertaaintie and unexpected futures, in order to deveelo more resilient policies towards sustainability.
The analysis leads to specific process recommendatiion for national horizon scannings related to how data are gathered, analysed, synthesised and used.
due to the fact that the project did not lead to direct policy measures. The paper by Calof and Smith contributes to the definition of successful foresight studies by identifyiin a set of critical success factors for governmentlle foresight
a clear link with today's policy agenda and propose some reseaarc questions to further analyse these critical succees factors.
The methodological framework proposed in this paper is relevant for the development of policies aiming to match technologgica innovations better to societal needs.
Society and Policy. Technology assessment: Methods and Impacts. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg, New york. Eerola, A and I Miles 2008.
policy recommendations based on a dialogue with senior citizens. Paper presented at the Second International Seville Seminar on Future-oriented technology analysis, held 28 29 september, Seville, Spain.
Science and Public policy February 2010 0302-3427/10/010007-12 US$12. 00 Beech tree Publishing 2010 7 Science and Public policy, 37 (1 february 2010, pages
It helps policy-makers in addressing the diversity of future societal and environmental challenges and in addressing the potential of emerging areas of science and technology in an integrated way.
this paper makes a series of recommendations regarding horizon scanning processes at the national level and the construction of common future-oriented policies.
Impacts and Implications for Policy and Decisiionmaking, held 16 17 october 2008 at Seville, Spain. Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 8 Horizon scanning is the systematic examination of potential future) problems, threats,
opportunities and likely future developments, including those at the margins of current thinking and planning. Horizzo scanning may explore novel and unexpected issuues as well as persistent problems, trends and weak signals.
Overall, horizon scanning is intended to imprrov the robustness of policies and to identify gaps in the knowledge agenda (this definition has been derived from the UK Foresight Horizon scanning Centre (HSC) and Horizon scan Netherlands),
and across disciplinary and departmental borders (cutting across different policy domains), seeking out alternattiv sources of information and challenging impliici assumptions about the future that underlie today's decisions (UK HSC).
it gives direec input for policy options, debate and research agenda setting by revealing new angles
He started his careee as a policy advisor on research and educational matters at the University of Amsterdam.
Horizon scanning is intended to improve the robustness of policies and to identify gaps in the knowledge agenda It is also looking ahead,
and across disciplinary and departmental borders (cutting across different policy domains) Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 9 horizon scans can be narrower in scope (only looking for new technologies),
but tend to have a much wider scope if they focus on security, environment or the economy.
Horizon scanning on the national level, across all policy areas (including S&t opportunities) is a receen development
) The Government office of Science in the UK started its national horizon scanning in 2004.6 This activity covers a wide range of S&t forecasts (Delta Scan) and future developments across all policy domains (Sigma Scan.
Belgium and Switzerland (Habeggeer 2009) while other countries are building up scan-based policy documents (Finland (Academy of Finland and TEKES, 2006), Canada (Smith,
Most of these scans targeted a wide variety of users (policy-makers researcchers consultancies, enterprises, departments etc..
Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 10 Joining up the data To compare the data of the different scans
An attempt was made also to select some issue clusters with estimated high impact to investigate the usefulnees of joint horizon scanning as preparation for more in-depth foresight to design common policies
administrative and legal Public services Politics State Global Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 11 first discussion with this network was held
Results policy impacts and implications Comparison of national horizon scans Rationales for governmental horizon scanning All three scans can be considered as very broad-scope foresight processes that look well beyond the preseentday horizon for new
All the scans are designed to generate themes and questions that cross policy domaain and research disciplines,
the aim was also to influence the framing of policies into a more future-oriented mode,
and foresight are aimed explicitly at developing resillien policies that are adaptive to changing and uncerrtai futures.
In The netherlands the aim is to contribute to the future orientaatio of policies towards sustainability,
2006) instrumeen that deliberately challenge policy-makers to look at the uncertainties and the unexpected and deveelo resilient policies towards sustainability.
Widen the scope for policy -and decision-makers (by supplying systematically gathered and analyyse data on opportunities,
and (where appropriate) cross-departmental policies. Policymakker are encouraged to expose their analysis to possible future trends to prepare themselves better.
Alert policy-makers to forgotten and emerging (new) risks and opportunities, to provoke reflectiio and further investigation of the uncertainties,
Identify new challenging issues for policy reseaarch development and innovation. Identify knowledge gaps (relevant for resolving future problems
and sets of issues which cross policy domains for further focused foresight (improving the scoping of these foresiigh activities) and research.
and departmental policies, particulaarl on the strategic level. Deliver information to a diversity of societal actoor
which adapted the issue descriptions to the Danish situation after Horizon scanning can be seen as an adaptive foresight instrument that deliberately challenges policy-makers to look at uncertainties
and develop resilient policies towards sustainability Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 12 discussions with representatives from different ministrries The primary data for The netherlands scan were collected by the COS Horizon scanning team
and discussed with expert panels. Within the UK scan and The netherlands scan, attemmpt have been made to rank the issues according to estimated overall impact (on implicit
a government departmeent reflecting on its strategic direction or policy. Part of the HSC engagement with the client will be an analysis of scan data
(and data from other speciaalis sources) relevant to the client's policy domaain Depending on the issues encountered in this analysis,
providing a broad range of inputs to the policy and creating relevant new networks that cross not only policy domains
After completion, clusters that cover a variety of policy domains and scientific disciplines were forwarded to some essay writers.
more focused foresight and the formulation of recommendations for research and policy. Next to this, a more client-oriented‘scan proof'approach was developed
and public policy high-impact issues Further Communication events New material Issue analysis and synthesis Workshop Cross-linkages With policy Themed Scenarios Extranet Peer review Discussion groups Updated database Finalised Themed Scenarios Final database Reports and multimedia Output data analysis phase
Review phase Delivery phase Research phase OST Horizon scanning Centre Figure 1. Schematic design of UK horizon scan Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February
2010 13 public, companies, researchers, universities and organisaations Preselection of prioritised themes took place within an expert group that delivered input for a workshop with a user panel
and to cover all policy domains and science disciplines. In all horiizo scans, organisations and individuals were alloowe to make contributions.
The focus of the UK scan is on‘public policy'(not explicitly government policy, although governmeen is intended the main client).
consultation and debate) that will lead to implementable policies (policies that achieve governmment'goals while meeting society's expectatioons) In this way,
the scans are positioned as part of the policy evidence base. The Danish scan focused on the policy domains of all ministries
and therefore implicitly took in all the values incorporated in the policies and services for which they are responsible.
In The netherlands scan, explicit attention was given to the sustainability of society in the light of different sets of shared societal values for
2 8 7 R&d agenda Policy agenda 5. Coupling of opportunities and problems through creative sessions and consultations 10.
Morton Wied Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 14 responsible, whatever its political constitution. Issuue were selected on the basis of indications in the literature of either positive and/or negative impact on these values.
juridical and democratic quality (rule and policy basis to realise other dimenssions constitutional state, equality of rights, sustain democracy, human rights);
and future thinking to inform the policies of (all) departments. It operatte under the government's chief scientific adviser.
COS was the umbrella organisation of the so-called sector councils for R&d that were established by Dutch law during the 1980s to provide strategic knowledge questions for departmental policies in a number of policy domains (environment, agriculture, health,
developmental policy and technology) and to establish the interface between policy, research and society. An important tool of these sector counciil was participative foresight that developed over time
The report contained recommendations for Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 15 specific foresight activities which still have to be executed.
but also that the shared scan data provide a common basis for further joint foresight to develop joint research programs and even policies.
which can be used for different purposes such as R&d agenda setting and the development of more resilient policies.
and Public policy February 2010 16 weak signals and wild cards that may be used to assees the robustness of results that may come from other forward-looking tools as planning, scenarios and quantitative modelling.
The fact that the horizon scans considered here were developed for different purposes illustrates their versatility as a policy
To complement their increasingly acknowleddge role in persuading policy and research teams to think more broadly openly and strategically,
not only deliver a joint scan base to serve national and EC policy and research, but could also serve as a platform for exchanging experiennc and addressing methodological questions relevaan to horizon scanning such as the role of values (prevention of biases),
and evoking important questiion around the future than in providing clear-cut Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 17 answers (Medina Vasquez, 2006).
and expert meetings either with regard to a specific policy need of a department (UK), or a research funding scheme (as in Denmark) or to identify new crosscutting questions that need further forwardloookin attention with other methods and transdiscipliinar approaches (clusters of issues, as in The netherlands).
but it also requires a policy that transcends several policy areas and the borders of countries.
Evaluation, Impact and Learning, Anchor paper Theme 2. Paper presented at Second joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 18 International Seville Seminar on Future-oriented technology analysis:
Impact of fta Approaches on Policy and Decision-making, held 28 29 september 2006, Seville, Spain. Cassingena Harper, J 2006.
Adaptive foresight Navigating, the complex landscape of policy strategies. Paper presented at Second International Seville Seminar on Future-oriented technology analysis:
Impact of fta Approaches on Policy and Decision-making, held 28 29 september 2006, Seville, Spain. European commission, Directorate-General for Research Scientiifi and Technological foresight 2006.
Horizon scan Report 2007, Towards a Future Oriented Policy and Knowledge Agenda. COS. Available from<http://www. horizonscan. nl/uploads/File/COS BINNENWERK%20engels 06 (1). pdf,
Impact of fta Approaches on Policy and Decision-making, held 28 29 september 2006, Seville, Spain Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Energie, du Développement durable
Impact of fta Approaches on Policy and Decision-making, held 28 29 september 2006, Seville, Spain. Schwarz, J O 2006.
Science and Public policy February 2010 0302-3427/10/010019-12 US$12. 00 Beech tree Publishing 2010 19 Science and Public policy, 37 (1 february 2010, pages
anticipating value chain transformations and need for policy action Fabienne Abadie, Michael Friedewald and K Matthias Weber This paper discusses the approach adopted to carry out a techno-economic foresight on the creative content industries, within the European Perspectives on the Information society project.
The project succeeded in defining scenarios for the creative content industries, offering distinct trajectories and raising different policy challenges.
The impact of the foresight on policy was limited as it did not lead to direct policy measures,
nevertheless, it confirmed some issues of major importance to the various stakeholders. HE INFORMATION AND communication technologies (ICT) sector accounted for about 5%of the size of the European economy and 3%of total employment in 2005 (Turlea et al.
Matthias Weber is at the Austrian Institute of technology, Departtmen Foresight and Policy development, Donau-City-Strasse 1, A-1220 Vienna, Austria;
Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 20 with the creative environment in which content activiitie unfold that make the creative content sector a fertile ground for radical innovations or disruptions
as a policy support tool used to inform and underpin strategy development and visioning, providing strategic forward-looking knowledge to policy-makers.
However even methodollogie that have been developed to deal explicitly with a range of potential futures are reaching their limits in the face of the scope and pace of change in the creative content sector.
while providing the level of specificity needed to derive meaningful policy implications and conclusions. As explained above, the creative content sector is characterised by huge uncertainties in scientific-technological as well as in socioeconomic and institutional terms.
in order to do justice to both the explorrator and the policy-oriented nature of the exerccis (Eriksson et al.,
The use of the scenario technique turned out to be essenttial as was the mix of both open participatory and restricted process elements to tackle sensitive policy issues.
a prospective study dealing with the future evolution of the creative content industtries She has worked also for many years in the field of electronic communications policy and regulation at Europeea level.
He has worked for many years as a scientist and policy advisor on research, technology and innovation policy, both at national and European level.
which aim to support the formattio of policy strategies and associated governance models. Among others, he has been involved in the Europeea projects FISTERA and EPIS, both dealing with the future of the information society.
Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 21 elements and showing how the implementation of those elements in combination enables us to disentanngl the complexity of the disruptive forces influenccin a sector
adapted from Wiesand and Söndermann (2005) Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 22 a mass audience.
a sector analysiis a Delphi survey, a scenario process leading to an analysis of issues and a final policy analysis.
through a validattio workshop where stakeholders from the varioou creative content sub-sectors and policy-makers were invited to give their views on the scenarios devellope
in order to reach a consensus as to the most likely developments and critical issues for further policy discussion.
The final policy analysis stage was restricted to discussions with the client, i e. the European commission. The varying degrees of particippatio enabled us to handle better the complexity and uncertainties regarding the evolution of the creatiiv content sector,
The Delphi was meant to help reduce the uncertainntie associated with some of the impacts we came across in the analysis. Sector Analysis Realtime online Delphi Scenario development Policy analysis Issues analysis ICT key trends Trends in actor behaviour Transformation pressures in the CC
value chain Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Policy implications Drivers, enablers, threats contextual factors Consensus vs controversial issues Scenario analysis
experts) Workshop (stakeholders) Workshop (restricted, client) Impact assessment Figure 2. Overview of methodology building blocks Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010
The policy analysis phase aimed to look not only at the issues as such and potential European policiie to address them,
we completed our understanndin with an assessment of the European positiio both in qualitative and quantitative terms, based on the analysis of company documents, business and policy reports.
and building trust and awareness are part Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 24 of the equation.
but they are equally relevant for policy-makers at the point of defining policies in support of the creatiiv content sector development.
which we could base our policy analysis. The Delphi was therefore useful to address these uncertainties in more depth.
Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 25 and related variants, uncertain issues, potential disrupttion and the likelihood of possible identified trends/issues.
and Public policy February 2010 26 remain crucial for the future success of the creative content sector.
and Public policy February 2010 27 promises associated with user created content, sociia software and Web 2. 0 are realised.
and may therefore requuir policy measures or could at least have policy implications. In order to reach our objective we made use of another workshop,
Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 28 Step 5: Policy analysis Our adaptive foresight on the creative content industrrie was concluded with a policy analysis,
aimed at deriving policy options for a thriving creative conteen sector in Europe in the future. This was done in closed discussion with the client, i e.
European policy-makers who were involved in the various workshops throughout the process, and at the end of the process to assess the results of the exercise.
The overall objective of the FTA had been to provide the policy-making process with strategic intelligence by taking a prospective view towards the evolution of ICT and
in particular, identifying the potential for disruptions, leading to policy formulaatio and recommendations for European and national policies, in particular R&d policy.
While all the steps leading to the policy analysis revealed important findings on potential directions of change and consequently possible challenges for policy-making,
the main difficulty encountered was to tailor the results to some of the specific needs of the client, i e.
In fact many of the issues identified in our research relate to policy areas which are not specific to the R&d agenda,
In that sense the policy analysis stage fulfilled its objectives to a large extent. However, the above finding raises the question of the appropriateness of carrying out a FTA on such a diverse sector with a specific policy area like R&d in mind.
Many of the policy issues linked to the evoluttio of the creative content industries are of a crosscutting nature (e g. skills
cultural diversity, three-dimensional technologies, next generation networks etc. and are dealt with in different areas of the European commission.
Challenges for policy-making The challenge for policy-makers and regulators is to help create an enviroonmen
The policy issues that have been identified incllud fostering ICT and creative skills: new initiatives to provide incentives for ICT trainiin and skills development;
2008) Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 29 mediating between skills and demand for skills.
However, the well-justified and adapted combinatiio of methods was not completely appropriate to answer some of the client's ambitious policy-related demands.
unequivocal policy implications. Controversial positiion may call into question current political agendaas and make the definition of new ones difficult.
It is therefore no surprise that the FTA policy impact was limited rather in the sense that it did not lead to any direct policy measures or specific initiatives.
This is coherent with the methodological approach of adaptive foresight that foresees a phase of internal debate of policy implications by the client (or other stakeholder),
In this case, particular attention was paid to the implicattion of the exercise on European research policy priorities.
however, on the need for European research) policy action in these areas, would require looking at expected market and systte failures,
Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 30 With regard to the impact assessment aspect of the methodology
and insights to feed directly into formulation of current-day policy options. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Prof W Edward Steinmueller, Dr Aldo Geuna and Juan Mateos-Garcia from SPRU (University of Susseex UK) for their key role in the EPIS
Impacts and Implications for Policy and Decisionmakking held 16 17 october 2008 at Seville, Spain. References Aho Expert Group 2006.
Navigatiin the complex landscape of policy strategies. Technological forecasting and Social Change, 75 (4), 462 482. Friedewald, M, von Oertzen, J and Cuhls, K 2007:
The Journal of Future Studies, Strategic thinking and Policy, 9 (2), 27 35. Gordon, T J and A Pease 2006.
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