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The case of Taiwanese pharmaceutical biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology innovation systems (1945 2000) Chao-chen Chung1 1manchester Business school, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9pl, UK.
and agricultural biotechnology innovation systems we find that even within the same nation different NSTISS reveal different dynamics, in terms of actors and networks, the application of technology and knowledge and institutions.
but has adopted different sets of policies towards pharmaceuttica biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology. The evolution of biotechnology and the two sectors before 2000 in fact deeply influences the development after 2000.
Taiwan. 273 3. The Taiwanese pharmaceutical biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology innovation systems This section analyzes the history of biotechnology and the two sectors in Taiwan through the lens of the NSTIS.
We discuss the evolution of the pharmaceutical biotechnology innovation system in Section 3. 1 and the evolution of the agricultural biotechnology innovation system in Section 3. 2. 3. 1 The evolution of the Taiwanese pharmaceutical biotechnology innovation system
Only in the late 1990s did the government start to support the development of modern pharmaceutical biotechnnolog through supporting the innovation of new herbaceous medicines. 3. 2 Evolution of the Taiwanese agricultural biotechnology innovation system 3. 2
agricultural biotechnology was recognized not as a part of the development of biotechnologgy Indeed, since the 1980s, compared with the prosperoou ICT industries,
modern agricultural biotechnologies innovated by universities and public research organizatiion were commercialized not but were transferred to farmers on a nonprofit base.
the R&d funding for modern agricultural biotechnology was decreased even slightly (Wong 1998: 115), and at the same time, the Farmers'Insurance was launched (CLA 2010.
In sum, besides its agricultural policies, the Taiwanese government did not have particular policies to support the development of agricultural biotechnology.
and conclusion The Taiwanese pharmaceutical biotechnology innovation system and agricultural biotechnology innovation system reveal different dynamics. The three innovation systems,
In contrast, in the agricultural biotechnology system both the public research organizations and private SMES adopted biotechnology as their main knowledge base.
On the other hand the agricultural biotechnology system was supported only by agricultural policies. Before the 1980s while agricultural products were exported,
In the case of biotechnollogy a government should have different sets of policies for the development of pharmaceutical biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology.
Science and Technology research and Information Center (2005)‘ Strategic planning on the development of Taiwan agricultural biotechnology industry'(.
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