| Biodiversity (9) |  |
| Bioinformatics (8) | |
| Biology (134) | |
| Biosecurity (31) | |
| Biotechnology (171) | |
| Biodiversity (9) | |
| Bioinformatics (8) | |
| Biology (134) | |
| Biosecurity (31) | |
| Biotechnology (171) | |
It discusses the questions and validity of the analogy between technological evolution and biological evolution
The paper shows that concepts applied to biological evolution are applicable, through useful metaphors, to economics and technology assessment.
The shortcoming of patents is that completely new fields of technology like biotechnology and software at first triggered off discussions about their patentability,
like in biotechnology. However, the proved link between science and technology, on the one hand, and changes in existing regulations or new regulations, on the other hand, underlines that the former can in general be used to determine possible challenges for the regulatory framework in the future.
and in the early 1990s high expectations were raised about the possibilities of performing (bio) chemical analysis at any lab-on-a-chip and at anytime, for example, total blood analysis at the patient's bedside (Point-of-care testing).
biologists) were attracted to the field, foreseeing that this technology could aid them in their work
Also, in the field of biomedical research, off the back of the Human Genome Project15, a major emphasis in cell biology over the last decade has been focused on in areas related to genomics, proteomics, medical diagnostics,
and detection of trace amounts of biological agents. High-throughput screening and microarray technologies are now in common use for measuring gene
and protein expression and for assessing biological activity of potential drug targets. For the field of lab-on-a-chip there is a general agreement of four consecutive phases of technological development (see Fig. 1). Currently most developments still remain in phase 2. 15 http://www. ornl. gov/sci
are now being circulated by many of both the TAS and biology communities. Aside from these relatively simple experimental integrations there is the same gap in the innovation chain
Another issue is that cell biology is diverse and so for cell-on-a-chip many niche markets will be the key.
biotechnology and material sectors 1. The forces impelling convergence at the time are seen as radical, revolutionary,
PICMET, 2007.20 S. P. Hubbell, The Unified Natural Theory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Princeton university Press, Princeton, 2001.21 A. Clauset, Hierarchical Random Graph, 2008, Accessed 25 august
of water Biological diversity 4. Survey, questionnaire results 4. 1. Material 4. 2. Competence and knowledge generation 4. 2. 1. Prospects regarding techno-scientific competence 4. 2. 2
1. Life sciences and biotechnology 2. Information and communication technology 3. Materials and their production processes 4. Nanotechnology 5. Optics/photonics/optoelectronics 6. Industrial production processes
But also the biological rhythms of the human beings (chronobiology) and new knowledge for different applications will be future topics.
, Office of Biological & Environmental Research, Washington, 2007.18 J. Rosenhead, Robustness analysis: keeping your options open, in:
The difference between nano artifacts and their biotechnological counterparts is more extreme as will become clearer later
even though biotechnological artifacts too require the convergence of sets of sciences and technologies for their evolution.
and exploration of bio-fouling. Technical complexity becomes an issue. A number of legal actions were filed against medical device companies
1) biotechnology and chemistry,(2) energy,(3) environment,(4) nanotechnology,(5) production and materials technology,(6) information systems,(7) simulation and, finally,(8) research consortia.
Information security and trust management Telecommunications and multimedia Sustainable resource Managing sustainable development management in Understanding ecosystems and biodiversity Luxembourg Sustainable management of water resources Sustainable
environmental sciences, biomedical sciences, information and communication technologies, physical sciences and engineering, social sciences and humanities. 6. The single Social sciences and Humanities group of the first phase was replaced by two groups:
governance, transparency and biotechnology. Health, Risk and Society 4: 259 72. Brown, N, . and M. Michael. 2003.
1) Learning and learning society (2) Services and service innovations (3) Well-being and health (4) Environment and energy (5) Infrastructures and security (6) Bio-expertise
and bio-society (7) Information and communications (8) Understanding and human interaction (9) Materials (10) Global economy Apart from its title, each panel was characterised by a description of about 150
for example, advances in relation to forest-related industries were discussed in panels on Environment and energy, Bio-expertise and bio-society, Materials,
technologies 5. Infrastructure and security Environmental know-how and technology Logistic know-how and security of supply management Integration know-how 6. Bio-expertise and bio-society Complete use of renewable
Management and modelling of biological knowledge 7. Information and communications Sensor technology applications Data mining, analysis, management and retrieval Bio-information technology 8. Understanding and human interaction Multicultural
as shown by recent biotechnology, can remain for a long period, driving to very different conditions under
/Futures 43 (2011) 232 242 236 For instance, the progressive sliding of the field of biocatalysis away from‘catalysis'within chemistry towards biotechnologies illustrates an actual reconfiguration of a current knowledge area that is combining splitting and merging
and biotechnology that was initiated by the European commission in 2003. It has produced a 20-year vision and a short,
Under pressure from the biotech firms, and from America and other big growers ofgmcrops, the EU then persuaded the anti-GM countries to replace the moratorium with a scheme in
from 1996 to 2006) is compared with the changes occurring in‘‘all science''(50%over the same period),‘agricultural and biological sciences''(30),
It stands at the side of areas as human genomics, metabolics, proteomics, philogenomics, bioinformatics, genomics, cancer...
plant genomics draws heavily on bioinformatics and is linked with environmental research. The cognitive proliferation that keeps blooming in the field of genomics is challenging some early applications of plant genomics research jeopardising thus their industrial applications.
microelectronics, materials and biotechnologies and as their‘bottom-up'convergence at the nanoscale. To address field specificities for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies,
Biotechnology and nanotechnology topics are continuing players in the abstract sets. Synthetic biology the prospect of engineering cellular processes to operate as bioreactors, labs in a cell,
or manufacturing mechanisms is one of the latest arrivals to the abstract sets. Cultural topics are of huge importance in the abstract set
Ocean biologists studying the Sargasso Sea have discovered only recently 1. 2 million new genes (including 800 new genes for photoreceptors) representing 1800 new species. The Implications sections of these abstracts are far
Typical lists that emerge are at a high level of aggregation (ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, etc. or at one level down listing around 100 key technologies.
effects of implementing the science policy priority for biotechnology in The netherlands, Research policy 15 (1986) 253 268.16 R. Coombs, L. Georghiou, A new industrial ecology, Science 296 (2002
Foresight Canadae Informative Identification of emerging and frontier technology domains addressing subjects such as future fuels, bio-health innovation, geo-strategic systems, animal
1. Rapid and accelerating technological progress in pervasive fields such as microelectronics, ICTS, biotechnology, new materials, fuel cells and nanotechnologies. 2. Increased financial, trade and investment
rapid progress of ICT and biotech End of Moore's Law 100 years life expectancy Environment:
, North-South Issues, Governance, Health of Democracy, Failed States Global, Cyber terrorism & Nuclear & Bio WMD Water, Food and Resource Shortages, Disasters O. Saritas,
bio-neural evolution, rising new economic leaders and directions, reduced personal privacy; These are described both in terms of challenges and potential opportunities for civilization.
growth of science in the East Neural network functional drugs Virtualisation, Internetisation of life, intelligent Web content Growth of bio-sciences‘‘biologisation''New human species‘‘Transhumanist
solar wind, thermal, bio, ocean Progress in nuclear and solar energy is not constraining development Decentralised power generation Changing energy source and supply reconfiguring world power division Diversification and fragmentation
cultural, physical and biological improvements New investments in the Internet capacity improvement Progress in genetic therapy, stem cells and molecular medicine pharmacology Sunburst of change in vehicle technology
Energy 17 Rising cost and crises in oil production Bio-fuel generation Spread of nuclear energy production toward developing countries Lack of energy sources Innovation for new energy sources
& Security 35 Cooperative and concerted policies among nations Nuclear proliferation-incidence from terrorism in Middle east Renewed awareness of the limits to growth Uni-bio-multi-polar world
, interrestrial visitors, alliance, eco-collapse, biotech Increased impact of converging technologies on social life Natural language codifications becomes available allowing people communicate globally New s&t paradigms for knowledge society
and hydrogen Regression in the development because of mismanagement of energy sources Hydrogen from LG means pervasive bio-hydrogen production possible Peak oil and climate shifts decisively confirmed meaning to rapid
nature, safety, home Personalised genomic healthcare Rapid reversal of tolerance to multicultural populations Human systems adapt to new culture of physical and biological requirements Reduced need
‘‘Lag of the real behind the virtual''Biotech revolution and robotics change human race Less usage of human brain Freedom to do any type of Research breakthrough in plant gene to create antibiotics for cancer Nano membranes allow humans swim under water without air tubes Researchers
4 N. Damrongchai, P. Satangput, G. Tegart, C. Sripaipan, Future technology analysis for biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific, Science and Public policy 37 (1)( 2010
Segregation effects (new road) on biodiversity. Effects of market penetration of electric vehicles on travel patterns (e g. on modal split.
Earlier examples are biotechnology, genomics and microelectronics, or, more general, ICT. The media tell us
and technology (including biotechnology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, genetics and genomics, digital environments, ambient intelligence), data protection and privacy law, intellectual property, philosophy of law and legal theory.
energy technologies or information and communication up to biotechnologies without their interdependence being always obvious at first glance.
driven by the confluence of nanotechnology, biotechnology and materials science (Linstone 2011a, 2011b. It is these fundamental changes that give rise to the main challenges of today'sworld.
Ontological expansion in the mobile space This process of ontological expansion can be illustrated by comparing the evolution of the biological eye and the mobile telephone.
In this regard, there is no difference between, for example, business organisations and biological organisms. Profitability may be a boundary condition for survival for business firms in modern capitalism,
In some cases, the model can be hardwired'in the biological system. For humans, anticipation is hardwired less,
The Bergsonian story about the emergence of the biological eye and vision is structured in three acts.
The philosophical basis of biology. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Company. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 04:52 03 december 2014 750 I. Tuomi Hiltunen, E. 2008.
The biological roots of human understanding. Boston, MA: New Science Library. Mead, G. H. 1907.
For example, FTA is likely to become involved in synthetic biology; nanoscience, nanotechnology and nano-artefacts and their social acceptance;
As the complexity of systems involving synthetic biology, genetics and artificial life, nanoarteefact and other developing themes merge,
Throughout publications about or adjacent to the nano-artefact, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science quartet (NBIC), there is a continual introduction of ideas,
When humans transcend biology. London: Duckworth. Lipinski, A j, . and D. Loveridge. 1982. How we forecast:
Brown and Michael (2003) describe the phenomenon of the trough of uncertainty in the study of clinical applications of biotechnology:
Promises of a better future in biotechnology advertisements. Science as Culture 11, no. 4: 459 79.
An introduction to‘Maturana's'biology. In Seized by agreement, swamped by understanding, ed. L. Fell, D. Russell,
These areas include computational biology (both structural and genomics nonlinear algorithms, and climate modeling, labeled A b,
of which computational biology is one type. One can carry the analysis even further by looking at the distribution of projects in the bpotentialq spaces by laboratory.
we find that the barrier to entry is reasonably low for the computational biology and climate modeling areas,
For example, laboratory B has an area of common technical focus with laboratory A through lithography, laboratory C through fuel cells and biological systems,
and laboratory D through biological systems and semiconductors. The identification of these common points directs us to btechnology categoriesq that can be analyzed further to identify the portfolio of technology that characterizes the capabilities of each laboratory.
Today's NESTS are more apt for incorporating science-based advances (e g. biotechnologies and nanotechnologies),
Converging technologies, collaboration or fusion of several fields (nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science) have been given attention since the mid-2000s.
resources, and environment 01-D Energy-relateda 03-H Industrial bio-nanotechnology related to energy and environment 05-A Geo-diagnosis technologyb 05-B
and environmenta Health and medical care 03-B Applied bio-nanotechnology 03-E Medical treatment (exogenous factor, metabolic disease,
VA. National science Foundation (2005),‘Managing nano-bio-info-cogno innovations: converging technology society'',National science Foundation, Arlington, VA. Popper, R. 2008),‘How are selected foresight methods?''
Russian experts considered the most important topics in this area to be accelerated‘‘Technologies for and efficient recovery of damaged lands, landscapes and biodiversity,
two top scores) Technology area 1 Technologies for accelerated and efficient recovery of damaged lands, landscapes and biodiversity 97.6 2019 Contributing to dealing with social problems (76.3
and B environment (i e. air, biodiversity and specially protected nature areas, dangerous natural phenomena, industrial waste and cumulative ecological damage,
for management 8 Semiconductors 9 Optics 10 Measurement 11 Analysis of biological materials 12 Control 13 Medical technology 14 Organic fine chemistry
15 Biotechnology 16 Pharmaceuticals 17 Macromolecular chemistry, polymers 18 Food chemistry 19 Basic materials chemistry 20 Materials,
12 (Control), 15 (Biotechnology), 17 (Macromolecular chemistry, polymers), 19 (Basic materials chemistry), 20 (Materials, metallurgy), 23 (Chemical engineering), 24 (Environmental technology
where the possible source technologies comprise technologies 14 (Organic fine chemistry), 15 (Biotechnology), 23 (Chemical engineering), 24 (Environmental technology), 30 (Thermal processes and apparatus), 32
technology 15 (Biotechnology) to technology 1 Figure 2 Summary result of the mapping in three countries PAGE 62 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 (Electrical machinery
cooling cogeneration/building use 15 (Biotechnology) 1 (Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy) Japan Artificial photosynthesis technology/solar energy conversion efficiency;
bio-energy/battery technology China Biofuel; biomass gasification power generation 27 (Engines, pumps, turbines) 1 (Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy) Japan Large capacity combined cycle power generation
The source technologies comprise technologies 12 (Control), 15 (Biotechnology), 17 (Macromolecular chemistry, polymers), 19 (Basic materials chemistry), 20 (Materials, metallurgy), 24 (Environmental
apparatus, energy) receives technologies from technologies 12 (Control), 15 (Biotechnology), 23 (Chemical engineering), 27 (Engines, pumps, turbines), 30 (Thermal processes and apparatus), 31 (Transport
the source technologies include technology 15 (Biotechnology), 23 (Chemical engineering), 24 (Environmental technology), 30 (Thermal processes and apparatus), 32 (Transport) and 35 Figure 3 Technology
Source technologies comprise technologies 7 (IT methods for management), 12 (Control), 15 (Biotechnology), 17 (Macromolecular chemistry
The possible source technologies comprise technologies 12 (Control), 15 (Biotechnology), 25 (Handling) and 27 (Engines, pumps, turbines;
The important source technologies comprise technologies 15 (Biotechnology), 17 (Macromolecular chemistry, polymers), 19 (Basic materials chemistry), 24 (Environmental technology) and 35 (Civil engineering.
The related topics contain‘‘Development of bio-information technology that can use Terahertz in biomedical operation,
Clearly, different types of technologies may have different developing patterns, especially for those technologies close to basic science, such as biotechnology,
He contributed to several ex-ante and ex-post Impact assessment studies of FP programmes and activities in the fields of Environment, Bio-based economy and Socioeconomic sciences and humanities.
including test (or similar keywords, such as measure*,monitor*)and nucleic acid*(or some other bio-related keywords, such as lactate or cholesterol), and sensor*.
it involves nanotechnology and biotechnology, with diverse application possibilities. Different types of technologies may have different developing patterns, especially for those technologies close to basic science, such as biotechnology.
Future research should also take this into account. Third, the classifier we used in this paper is the nearest neighbour classifier.
accepted 6 october 2004 Abstract It is well known the fact that the world of technology is full of biological metaphors,
One of the most powerful technological forecasting tools, the logistic equation, has its origin in the biological realm
Recognition of this fact in last decades is leading firmly to a new scientific paradigm, a complex bio-socioeconomics, with the convergence of different fields of science toward
This debate has been in great part centered on the striking similarities between biological evolution and technological/cultural evolution.
and tools that have grown explosively in recent years related to the biosciences, bioinformatics and evolutionary approaches. Among the needs for TFA envisioned by the TFA Methods Working group we find the questioning about the validity of the analogy between technological evolution and biological evolution (Ref. 1, pp. 299:
bcan artificial technological worlds be created by simulation modeling analogous to biological ones? Q This question is hardly a new one,
and we can even trace an at least three-decade long debate on this issue. What makes the difference now are exactly the powerful new capabilities provided by the Information technology Era
The sense one gets from the published literature on this theme is that the to date effort has been in great part centered on the striking similarities between biological evolution
It seems that a synthesis of biology and technology remains beyond reach, with some people even doubting
It is said usually that some biological evolution-related concepts like mutation, selection, adaptation, life cycle, survival of the fittest, etc.
we evoke metaphors in both ways, from the biological to the social and also in the other way around, from the social to the biological.
Biology, or perhaps more generally, biosciences, is not merely a good source of metaphors, but historically it was,
and/or disanalogies found between biological and techno-cultural evolution, or in other words, between the evolution of organisms and artifacts.
T which interprets the whole history of human social, intellectual and material development as the continuation of biological evolution by other means.
more than an useful metaphor One of the most powerful technological forecasting tools, the logistic equation, has its origin in the biological realm
Recognition of this fact in last decades is leading firmly to a new scientific paradigm, a complex bio-socioeconomics
as in biology, originally took purely verbal forms, and it was only with considerable delay that more mathematical (algorithmically based) arguments
The mathematical tools that began to be employed in economics (as well as in technological forecasting) starting in the 1970s had been developed by mathematical biologists in the 1920s
Formalization of evolutionary thinking in biology in algorithmic terms began in 1930 when R. A. Fisher 6 published his opus bthe Genetical Theory of Natural selection,
the bio-mathematicians Vito Volterra and Alfred Lotka popularized a set of differential equations to describe the growth of population levels,
T. C. Devezas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1137 1152 1141 Yet in 1925 the American biologist and demographer Raymond Pearl 8 in his seminal book
bthe Biology of Population Growthq calls the attention to the fact that the growth of populations is essentially a phenomenon of biological nature;
whose basic mechanism of recurrence is controlled by two kinds of biological determinants (constraints generational and cognitive) that impose the rhythm of collective human behavior.
All this is to say that the use of biological approaches in analyzing the evolution of technology
which will inevitably lead to the recognition that cultural evolution is the continuation of biological evolution by other means.
Here we are dealing also with one of the most controversial points in all previous attempts of comparisons between biological and technological evolution,
that can be subsumed under the following questions are innovations (or novelties) in the biological, cultural,
and then answering in the positive the question above about the same nature of novelties in the biological, cultural and technological realm:!
"In biological systems an innovation can be achieved without necessarily changing the genetic underpinnings of a feature,
In my view what is missing is a bridge linking evolutionary concepts in biology to technological progress,
but a bridge leading to a level higher up than the plain mapping of every element of technological evolution onto a precise correspondence in the biological counterpart.
or mind to come in existence in the course of biological evolution: very primitive life forms have developed skilled techniques of gathering food,
and reproduce. 2 In the course of biological evolution the technique came to life as a form of searching for a bypass
Economics, in some ways the most ambitious of the social sciences, progressively abandoned biology and adopted physics as its model natural science.
the social cannot be reduced to the biological, a point of view also stressed by Hodgson 20: Darwinism may be universal,
but economics should not be abandoned to biology. There are the missing pieces I have mentioned in this paper (see further discussion in the next section)
technological evolution as the continuation of biological evolution by other means (or more than blind variation plus selective retention) Karl Popper's 22 view of scientific progress as a cumulative selection process resembling Darwin
unlike biological evolution, characterized by direct trial and error adaptation processes, knowledge processes evolve through vicarious forces,
the insistence of trying to map every element of technological evolution onto a precise correspondence in the biological counterpart;
cultural evolution (and technological evolution as well) is the continuation of biological evolution by other means;
, Dynamical systems and the Theory of evolution, Cambridge university Press, 1990.8 R. Pearl, The Biology of Population Growth, Alfred A. Knopf, New york, 1925.9 J. Fisher, R. Pry, A simple substitution
Society's Telltale Signature Reveals the Past and Forecasts the Future, Simon and Scuster, New york, 1992.12 T. Devezas, J. Corredine, The biological determinants of long-wave behavior in socioeconomic
I. Bratko, G. Shaulsky, B. Zupan, Microarray data mining with visual programming, Bioinformatics 21 (2005) 369 398.48 B. P. Bryant, R. J. Lempert
ethics and sustainability, of emerging technologies mainly inside agriculture, food production, biotechnology and bioenergy. Furthermore, he is an expert in foresight and scenario methodologies,
referring to the synergistic combination of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences (NBIC), where a similar governance framework as in the case of nanotechnology is discussed 10 (M. Roco, Possibilities for global governance of converging technologies, J. Nanopart.
from NGOS, from the physical and biological sciences, engineering, medicine, social sciences, economics, and philosophy. The report included insights from US experts in the field, examinations of lessons learned,
technologies Production and technology Bio resources, food and bio products Intelligent solutions for society Production systems of the future Strategic growth technologies Health and prevention From basic research to individualised treatment Chronic disease between prevention and rehabilitation
Human health and safety in the interaction with environment factors Healthy lifestyle what creates change?
research centre in Greenland 20 15 Competitive environmental technologies 10 0 Production and technology Bio-resources food and other bio products 45 50 Intelligent solutions for society 0 10 Health and prevention From basic research to individualised treatment 30 20 Human health and safety
in interaction with env. factors 0 19 Innovation and competitiveness 0 10 The public sector of the future 0 15 Knowledge and education What works?
One of the policy-makers said that‘‘(f) uture studies should match the biological rhythm of strategic policy processes in local and regional policy contexts''.
Led several ITAS projects on information and communication technologies, convergence of nano, bio, info and cogno technologies and on a European Infrastructure for Technology assessment.
The project also created a new network of scientific and technological experts in the area of biosecurity,
system NBIC Educational system Nanotech and science Agri-food supply ICT mathematics Infrastructures Mathematics Armed forces ICT Geology Engineering Economics Chemistry Biology
biological dimension: quality of life, ecological quality (survival, health, longevity of (future) citizeens health of ecosystems; social dimension;
biosysteemics nano bio info convergence; bio-products; future fuels for APEC economies; animal health; bio-health innovattio and stewardship,
and future professional readiness for physicians and veterinarians. He maintains active connecttion with foresight organizations in Europe, Asia, the US and Brazil.
Critical success factors for government-led foresight Science and Public policy February 2010 33 evaluation of future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) should be based upon an assessment of foresiigh quality in terms of the conjectures produced,
bio-economy and enabling technologies convergence were completed that could have influenced the policy agenda had there been a policy receptor most of these having been displaced by a highly centralized politically managed priorities exercise
nano bio info interface issues) but are not presently at the top of the priority list,
http://www. ingentaconnect. com/content/beech/spp Future technology analysis for biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Nares Damrongchai, Ponpiboon Satangput, Greg Tegart and Chatri
Technologies that are potentially effective in biosecurity and in combating EID were identified first by bibliometric analysis, online survey and scenario planning.
The results show that many future technologies will converge to become most effective in dealing with biosecurity and EID.
and measures taken to protect from biological harm. It encompasses the prevention and mitigation from diseases in humans and animals,
More technically, dealing with biosecurity can be considered in terms of informatiio generation and collection, information managemment information analysis,
biosecurity, and security in general, is also typically related to critical infrastructuure particularly in the area of public health.
Compromising biosecurity can have a far-reaching impact on many other social infrastructures and many aspects of human activities, population structurres or even the survival of humankind (in the event of a global pandemic.
One major threat to biosecurity is the outbreak of infectious diseases. Infectious diseases account for a quarter of all human mortality
Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 42 new diseases such as SARS and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) with variants such as H5n1;
For examplle recognition of the role of information technology (IT) provides a powerful driver of change in approaache to biosecurity
when linked to genetics, biotechnnology nanotechnology and bioinformatics. Cross-disciplinary and‘converging'technologies Recently the concept of cross-disciplinarity,
It has been proposed that a new paradigm is develoopin in the 21st century based on the combinatiio of nanotechnology, biotechnology,
He took part in developiin the roadmap for Thailand's first biotechnology policy framework. He is currently the executive director of the APEC Center for Technology foresight and the director of Policy Research and Management at the National science Technology and Innovation policy Office, Bangkok,
and knowledge systems that enable each other in pursuit of a common goal Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 43 The concept has been extended in the European union's Seventh Framework Program to the possibiliitie at the interface of micro nano systems and the living world.
and IT can interact in biomedical biosecurity applications. In the present study we have applied the concept of converging technologiies particularly the pragmatic European definition,
Vaccine development and delivery can be speeded up using genetics, nanotechnology, moleccula biology and bioinformatics. Moreover, health systems research using social sciences,
Nano Bio Info Nanobiosystem (e g.,, nanostructured drugs) Nano-Informatics (e g.,, NEMS, Nanoelectronics) Bioinformatics (e g.,, Genomic Analysis, Biomedical Imaging) Bio-Info-Nano Converging Tech.
e g.,, NEMS based Biochip) Figure 1. Examples of converging technologies, APEC Center for Technology foresight (www. apecforesight. org) 2006 Source:
Phucharoenchanachai (2005) Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 44 In Phase II, the objective was to determine directiion for future R&d
so that APEC member economiie can ready themselves to respond to the region's needs. To achieve this objective,
and the Australian Biosecurity Cooperaativ Research centre, the experts were organised into smaller groups. The groups identified key driveer of future change relevant to the study,
and identify key technology applications to combat EID Phase II Final Symposium Roadmapping II Roadmapping I Figure 2 Information flow through the project Biosecurity and
The model Was developed in Roadmapping I Developed in Roadmapping II Figure 3. Structure of technology roadmaps Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 46 proposed at the workshop
and achieving biosecurity. Resuult were analyzed and presented as shown in the following tables. The key user requirements were identified for the three technology research domains.
scan Visualization of pathogens Method to detect infected cells Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 47 find more technology applications.
and achieving biosecurity, this paper gives an example of a diagnostic technologies roadmap (Table 3) as one among the six technology roadmaps developed in the study.
and influence decisionmakkin regarding EID and biosecurity throughout the Asia-pacific region. Such a continuity of effort to disseminate the outputs of the project
that also raised the awareness in biosecurity throughout the region. These included: The Rand Corporation, who participated in the key events of the project,
to combating EIDS Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 48 Table 3. Roadmap for development of EID diagnostics 2007 2012 2013 2017
low opportunity cost testing for many infectious agents Ability to test large numbers of people in a noninterventionist manner Broad screening tools Improved border biosecurity Personalized
medicine with testing linked to information networks and personalized treatment High throughput technologies Rapid pathogen genetic characterization, high level of biosecurity Users'requirement Access to latest technologies
technical, social, economic and political Ownership and sharing of biological material Long-term budget system for EID technology development and deployment, APEC‘Centers of Excellence'APEC collaboration projects
A biosafety level (BSL) is the level of containment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed facility,
multi-agent diagnostic devices linked to automated data collection and analysis Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 49 APEC diagnosis center,
and regional strategies for biosecurity and combating EID. The significant findings for each of the roadmaps
which the different technoloogie have roles in enhancing biosecurity and preparedness for EID. With a clearer context of:
and brings about a clearer Biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-pacific Science and Public policy February 2010 50 identification of‘technology roadmaps'that are to be applied to a wider geographical area and more diverse level of technology capacity and socioeconommi development.
The implication of this project is that it has creatte a new network of knowledgeable and concerned scientists and technologists in the field of biosecurity in the Asia-pacific region.
This project is a contribution to the better understanndin of the provision of accelerated technologicca responses to combating EID and biosecurity in the APEC region and of the role of S&t in providiin those responses through the concept of convergiin technologies.
National Center for Genetic engineering and Biotechnology. Roco, M C and W s Bainbridge, 2002. Converging technologies for Improving Human Performance:
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