Clustering

Clustering (43)
Data (486)
Data analysis (6)
Data gathering (7)
Data mining (18)
Database (127)
Network analysis (12)
Qualitative data (8)
Quantitative data (13)
Text mining (31)

Synopsis: Data: Clustering:

Scenario skeletons can then be derived by clustering such storylines based on consistency the so-called inductive approach. The deductive alternative is to analyse systematically the scenario space spanned by the most prioritised uncertain drivers.

The middle network shows clear clustering and yet is still a flat network. Members of the three groups in this network are likely to connect to each other,

The second is the clustering coefficient, which is a measure of excess links between closely related nodes.

Apparent even in this graph representation of the Wikipedia web is the obvious structuring of the web pages through clustering and local hierarchies.

Key attributes of the network include average degree k, average clustering coefficient (C), and average network diameter (d). It is interesting to compare this Wikipedia sample with these other known networks.

Divergence is interpreted as the relative position of sub-networks or clusterings. And complementarity is assessed through the analysis of intensity of relations within the network 45.

This type of clustering allows companies to gain ideas from other industries or other product domains.

''There may well be more clustering of ideas, with discussion about the connections between ideas proving a good basis for exchanging information about implicit models and theories.

This step is referred to as ordination rather than clustering because Vxord generates x, y coordinates for each record (calls, proposals, reports, etc.)

in interpretation of clustering, Proc. -IEEE Inf. Vis. 2001 (2001) 23 30.5 K. W. Boyack, B. N. Wylie, G. S. Davidson, Domain visualization using Vxinsight for science and technology management, J. Am.

The objective of this paper is to develop an integrative method for systematically clustering, analyzing and visualizing the path for technology development and transformation.

which otherwise open the way to the revival of Joseph Schumpeter's ideas of a evolutionary global economy driven by the clustering of basic innovations

Clustering then takes place on the basis of the concatenations. If a hard clustering algorithm is used,

which is to say that the entire concatenation needs to be identical, then Table 2 is the result.

There is an emerging field that studies the clustering of time series data. A wide variety of methods and techniques are being explored 34.

Clustering of time series data a survey, Pattern Recog. 38 (2005) 1857 1874.35 J. H. Kwakkel, W. E. Walker, V. A w. J. Marchau

and to create scenarios by clustering trends that are assumed to occur simultaneously. The INFU project followed a similar approach by combining the inductive scenario building concept with a weak signal scanning activity.

and to suggest a clustering of the visions. Finally, it was discussed which visions were most interesting

but apparently, the authors still find the clustering of such regions useful. We recognise, of course, that for some authors,

The expert panel had relative freedom to carry out the clustering of the themes, but it was stressed that their work should reflect the main thrust of

After clustering, this resulted in 13 unique ideas:(1) 3d images,(2) community-functions through DTV,(3) DTV as an embedded open source platform where everyone can develop applications,

The criteeri for this clustering are the correlations and similariitie in interest patterns for certain subsets of applications.

%co-ordination or clustering of ongoing nationally funded research projects (59%.%generating multinational evaluation procedures (55%)(Matrix-Rambøll 2009.

4 5 6 7 Knowledge exchange Knowledge clustering Level of strategic approach to S&t cooperation Degree of networking Joint infrastructure investments No instruments no cooperation 0 1

and categorisation can help with clustering individual observations. Thus, one may end up with different sets of individual observations that could be related to each other under certain headings such as:

Clustering of signals: The long list of signals is clustered then, using potential emerging issues as a clusteriin mechanism.

Step 2 Clustering of weak signals. Step 3 Assessing the significance of clustered weak signals. Step 4 Framing the connected weak signals into clustered topics.

However, online software tools for clustering Twitter tweets are necessary, especially for the processing and analysis phases,

Twitter could allow a continuing clustering of signals related to emerging issues. Policy-makers who were interviewed within the SESTI project noted the importance of methods that allow for identifying the connections, clustering of signals and the stakeholders behind them.

To obtain this information (micro-)blogs are becoming interesting tools with which to analyse which communities have taken up specific issues

and the other opportunity is to use them as fast expanding sources of structured informatiio by clustering them.

Clustering blog sites presents new challenges for information science (Agarwal et al. 2010) as no tools are yet available.

Table 3. Evaluation criteria for scanning approaches and methods Connections, clustering of weak signals and degree of relevance to a specific area Duration of weakness of signal, also associated with time at

on one hand, may be focused on clustering and synthesis of scan data and, on the other hand, on human imagination and creativvity Within the SESTI project different text-mining techniques were used for this purpose as well as exercises which used participative web tools such as Wikipedia,

/clustering Medium Medium High Connections predefined through tagging. Also inputs about links from field experts and futurists.

Automatic clustering of keywords in text-mining. In focused expert review the primary signal contains a rich narrative that already relates many aspects of the emerging issues.

or meta descriptions Connections and clustering is made as reported in survey responses, literature and based on reviewers'expertise.

and clustering Cross-checking with results from recent foresight exercises Duration: observation time High Medium Medium As reported but also time series tracing possible in blogs, google etc.

It is equally important to utilise automated tools for the clustering and network analysis of issues

Collective wisdom based blog clustering',Information sciences, 180: 39 61. Boden, M.,Cagnin, C.,Carabias, V.,Haegeman, K. and Ko nno la, T. 2010)‘ Facing the future:

and network analysis for prioritizing, clustering and combining issues. Furthermore, these methods provide support for traceability,

Yet, an inherent difficulty in this type of clustering which requires and fosters collective sense-making is that the number of possible combinations can be enormous.

and for the prioritization and clustering thereof is viable even in other contexts where there is a need to build shared understandings about the prospects of crosscutting coordination in support of systemic policy objectives.

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