The proposed framework has been devised to enable a firm to become a participant that helps shaping the path to a common vision within its network being flexible enough to adapt to the changing circumstances of the environment and of its relationships.
aligned with social and environmental benefits, to shareholders and to stakeholders within society, value has to be redefined.
both supply chain management and CSR use financial rhetoric (e g. social, ethical and environmental) embedded in shareholder logic.
In this paper, a new concept of networked sustainability (Cagnin 2005) is introduced as an evolution of the value Net value is redefined to be a triple-bottom-line balance of the creation of economic, environmental and social values to and by all actors within a business's network:
and how a network environment can enhance the core competencies of a firm: these lead to sustainable competitive advantages.
with embedded FTA, to enable business networks 799 represented by a triple-bottom-line balance or the creation of economic, environmental and social values to and by all actors within the network.
environmental and animal protection; community development and human rights, among others. Existing tools (Appendix 2) operate in two broad areas:
3. 2. Basis for the management framework and roles that FTA can play The proposed management framework aims to support the achievement of a business with aligned socioeconomic environmental performance across its network that helps firms develop a participaativ process throughout to shape a common vision of sustainable development
focus on productivity and efficiency-Target is on cost reduction aiming competitive advantages-Seek social environmental improvement,
values and mission are defined jiontly-Symbiotic network structure-Education across the net Motivation-Environment of we/they competition between individuals-Behavioural structure with no sense of ownership-Structure of individual teams (no focus on collective performance;
individual abilities-Policies support practicces aim to reduce impacts with better use of materials and natural resources-Structured processes/activities-Firm-wide understandiin of activities, roles and responsibilities-Idea
use of renewable energy sources and fewer natural resources-Processes/activities/values aligned across the net;
environmental and social performance along the network. 4. Management framework The proposed management framework emphasises the creative aspect of living systems where FTA is key to enable the kind of dialogue
despite changes in the environment or to adapt their identity to fit changes. The above descriptions present a useful heuristic to complex systems and the interactions between the dimensions of sustainable development
Living systems share matter, information and energy with their external environments: there is simultaneous autonomy and interdependence.
and these change as the environment changes. In other words, an individual adapts to his/her environment to avoid disintegration.
The adaptive management framework developed (Table 4) can help corporations embed their social and environmental responsibilities in their products and services and throughout their networrks Simultaneously,
this enables change towards a common vision using tools which can support firms through the process to shape business sustainable development throughout their networks of relationships.
and monitoring relevant information to keep the business on track of its vision of sustainability Strategy Performance, environment, capabilities, constraints, opportunities,
and practice in RTDI (Research, Technollogy Development and Innovation), business strategy and sustainability, environment management, cleaner production and foresight.
Report of World Commission on Environment and Development our common future. Oslo: UN. BSI. 2003.
The value marketing chain concept finds a place in the health care environment. Marketing Health Services 19, no. 1: 14 19.
and research outcomesdimensions of sustainability Institutional-Business activities Economic Environmental Social Political Spatial Cultural Strategy Principles and Values Visions Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed
learning and continuous improvement Motivation Making available the necessary tools and an environmental where collaborators share responsibility
and build a common set of values Technology An effective integration of social and environmental strategies can be supported strongly by theuse of IT.
In the end, it is about improving economic, social and environmental integrated performance, knowing that one depends and leverage on the other.
thus combines organisations'capacity to monitor their environment, to make future-oriented strategic conclusions on this basis,
such as a change in the environment, emerges. In the context of systemic transformation capacities, the generic process of roadmapping is coarsely the following:(
The second phase, the SWOT analysis, identified trends in the national ICT business and research environment in the four Nordic countries.
and knowledge spaces 839 The article created insights for managing systemic entities, such as organisations or companies, in systemic environments.
when responding to the so-called‘grand challenges',such as climate change or global resource scarcity. For companies and organisations alike, tackling these kinds of complex challenges,
Her special interest lies in enhancing innovations provoked by societal concerns for the well-being of the ageing society and for cleaner environment.
She holds an interdisciplinary Dr Degree in environmental social sciences. Her research interests are especially in future-oriented research in linking ecological and social aspects of sustainability and in social impact assessment.
She holds a Dr. Degree in environmental policy and M. Sc. degree in environmental technology. References Aaltonen, M. 2007.
Futures of the ICT environment and applications on the Nordic level. Helsinki: VTT Publications, Edita Prima Oy.
Futures of the ICT environment and applications on the Nordic level. Summary report. Publication of Nordic Innovation Centre.
and it points out influential factors in the immediate nanobiosensor environment. We seek key leverage points at
and influential environmental factors (e g. economy recovery act support for renewable energy development). Key reviewarticles helped us to understand the important componeent and players in this‘delivery system'.
and side effects, including environmental, health, and safety concerns that could arise (cf. www. iaia. org).
publications in environmental journals increased dramatically from 2 to 29, suggesting small, but growing, attention to such facets.
The world faces a number of complex problems, such as climate change and population problems, and each country also has its own specific issues, for example rapid aging of the population or economic stagnation.
''2.‘‘World's highest level medical environment underlying a healthy society with longevity'';''3.‘‘Health information infrastructure for eliminating disparities'';
and environment gather on the left side, forming a broad and relatively loosely linked group.
half of the key areas above, are related to energy, resources, and environment. This implies that the areas that are conducive to the realization of energy-and-environment related future visions gathered much attention from experts in a variety of technological disciplines.
In the map circular dots indicate the 36 key areas above, which are graded according to the experts'expectation.
and environment on the left side can be regarded as indicating the first group of expected innovation toward resolving the challenges in the future society
as are energy and environment related areas. The area addresses the issue of constructing a new information society system where ICT underpins the basic infrastructure of society,
resources, and environment 01-D Energy-relateda 03-H Industrial bio-nanotechnology related to energy and environment 05-A Geo-diagnosis technologyb 05-B
and fisheries resources 07-C Water resources 07-D Environment, recyclable resources, recycling, LCA 07-E Hydrocarbon resources, mineral resources,
and CCS 08-C Lifestyle and environment 08-G Evaluation of and countermeasures to global warming 08-I Technology for urban waste minimization/material circulation for environmental conservation
and cross-cultural cooperative management 11-C Service management, management in the education and research field, environment business management, governmental institution management 11-D Framework for facilitation
PAGE 20 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 B multi-stakeholder dialogues for governance on an international level, for example in the environmental area;
An efficient transfer of foresight results has to be secured proactively to grasp the opportunity to consciously shape future research in a competitive and dynamic environment The context is dynamic
and explored in a safe environment, supported by neutral facilitation. Secondly, strategic dialogues have been conducted on a larger scale involving outside stakeholders, typically from academia, industry,
and allow a better positioning in view of a competitive global environment. This clear and simple structure resembles the‘‘straw man''proposal that Fisher
and Technology policy-makers and politicians are keen to find an answer to the challenging question of where they should be investing their resources to produce economic, environmental and social dividends.
Climate change and environmental consciousness have reinforced a concern with the global and holistic. In this framing, the grand challenges are a manifestation of the extent to
1. climate change and clean energy; 2. sustainable transport; 3. sustainable consumption and production; 4. conservation and management of natural resources;
5. public health; 6. social inclusion, demography and migration; and 7. global poverty and sustainable development challenges.
Global drivers and trends analysis. The first main phase of the exercise consisted of an initial analysis of global drivers and trends across the PESTLE categories (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legislative, and Environmental.
VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 33 outcomes from the consultation and the empirical evidence gathered, with an emphasis on connectivity between the external environment and the national issues identified.
3. Climate change; 4. Demographic pressures; 5. Mobility and transport; 6. Education and skills; 7. Technological development;
and experiential consumers Climate change Global warming Rising sea waters Can mitigation succeed? Consequences of climate change adaptation Acidification Demographic pressures Global population growth Ageing populations Urbanisation Migration impacts Mobility and transport Traditional transport modes Infrastructure
investment Smart travel Carbon taxes Transport market liberalisation versus environmental regulation Education and skills The knowledge economy ICT in education Social mobility and higher education Social
mobility and higher education Learning as a lifelong behaviour Vocational skills gaps Technological development Converging technologies The increasing pace of technological change Technology platforms Open innovation models Death of intellectual property?
whilst meeting its international commitments to carbon emission reduction and without damaging its international competitiveness How can Ireland achieve this delicate balance taking advantage of its natural resources (wave
and wind) to deliver environmental and economic dividends? Increase the available options for renewable energy generation capacity Install advanced distribution networks with international connectivity Develop
Some of the major themes frequently cited in this regard VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 37 are climate change
there is a relatively strong consensus on the definition of several of them especially energy, climate change, demographics, etc.
S&t&i priorities for the Russian natural resources sector Sergey Shashnov and Anna Sokolova Abstract Purpose This paper aims to analyse three individual foresight projects referring to the natural resources sector in Russia, their interconnection
Originality/value For the first time the paper presents an analysis of Russian foresight projects connected to the natural resources area and an evaluation of their influence on policy decision making.
Keywords Priority-setting, Russia, Natural resources, Long term planning, Foresight project planning, Innovation, Technology led strategy, Sciences Paper type Research paper 1. Introduction In recent years
including the efficient use of natural resources and environmental protection. However, approaches and techniques used to identify priority areas for S&t&i development in various countries strongly depend on local peculiarities, socioeconomic policy objectives, the availability of natural resources, the state of the environment,
and various other socioeconomic factors. The prospects and problems of the natural resources sector constitute a major section in most national science and technology foresight studies.
Many individual foresight exercises are devoted specifically to the rational use of natural resources and environment protection. These aspects are analysed also during the course of various foresight studies undertaken in such sectors as transport, energy, agriculture, etc.
In the last ten to 15 years, Japan (National Institute of Science and Technology policy, 2010), Finland (University of Joensuu, 2010), the UK (Loveridge et al.
This study was implemented in the framework of the Programme of Fundamental Studies of the Higher School of economics in 2011. been active in the development of long-term strategies for the rational use of natural resources and in the sphere of environmental protection.
Mining of natural resources generates more than 20 per cent of the total output, while the mineral resources sector's share of total Russian exports is as high as 80 per cent (Russian Federation, 2009).
The natural resources sector includes numerous players (federal and regional government agencies, public and private companies and industrial enterprises, R&d centres, environment protection organisations,
In particular, these include problems with the efficient utilisation of natural resources, environmental protection, and management of the natural resources sector.
Russian companies that are active in the natural resources sector routinely display high emissions figures several times higher than in other countries.
Accordingly, a difficult environmental situation has been developing in Russia over the decades, which negatively affects the quality of life, health and life expectancy.
Currently about 40 million Russians live in unfavourable environmental conditions and one million reside in regions where the level of pollution is dangerous for health.
is by radically increasing innovation activities in the natural resources sector. However, accomplishing this is not an easy task due to a number of reasons, the most important
Therefore, identifying S&t and innovation priorities for the natural resources sector has become an extremely important issue
Within the implementation of this foresight study it was realised that S&t priorities should be complemented by innovative priorities for corresponding development of the Russian management system in the field of natural resources,
The third foresight study commissioned by the RF Ministry of Natural resources and Ecology was devoted to exactly this task:
So, in Russia, three foresight projects related to the topic of natural resources were conducted. They were interconnected and the results of the earlier projects were used in the subsequent studies to accomplish the overall objective,
i e. to prepare recommendations for shaping Russian national S&t and innovation policy in the sphere of natural resources and environmental protection.
which would contribute to increasing the growth rate of the economy, environmental safety and the competitiveness of Russian companies,
and B contribution to Russia's national security, including environmental security. The final conclusions made in the course of the study were used to develop
B Rational Use of Natural resources; B Transportation, Aviation and Space Systems; B Power Engineering and Energy Saving;
The thematic area‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''covers the following five technology areas: 1. environmental monitoring and forecasting (atmosphere and hydrosphere;
2. estimating resources and forecasting (lithosphere and biosphere; 3. processing and utilising anthropogenic substances and wastes;
4. environmentally safe mining and extraction of natural resources; and 5. risk and damage containment after natural and technogenous disasters.
‘‘Techniques for assessing anthropogenic systems hazardous to environment''.''The methodology of this study included various expert and analytical techniques being engaged to prepare this S&t foresight (analytical research, bilbliometric and patent analysis, interviews with and polling of experts,
More than 150 experts were recruited to assess development prospects for the Rational Use of Natural resources area.
The characteristics of five major topics for the thematic area‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''are given in Table
B prevention and liquidation of environmental pollution, monitoring and forecasting environmental conditions; PAGE 44 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 B prevention and liquidation of emergencies related to natural and technogene emergencies;
Table I Major topics of the‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''thematic area No. Topic Importance indexa Expected time of developing S&t solution Possible results (percentage of experts;
and biosphere 4 Geophysical techniques for oil and gas prospecting in complex environments; assessment of productivity of oil fields;
The characteristics of the five most developed topics in the‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''thematic area are given in Table II.
Table II Characteristics of most developed technology groups in the‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''thematic area Technology group Index of R&d levela Cumulative effectb Monitoring and control systems,
natural and anthropogenic disasters and their consequences based on monitoring data and advanced understanding of their origins and development 57.1 1. 71 Techniques for prospecting natural resources,
''This index shows the cumulative effect of each group evaluating technology according to aggregated expert opinion Figure 1 Support measures for‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''PAGE 46 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1
and forecasting the future state of the environment, based on Russian meteorological and natural resources satellites (2015-2020);
and B an atmospheric pollution monitoring system, capable of the early detection of conditions potentially leading to natural or anthropogenic environmental emergencies (2015-2020.
Thus, the major development areas relating to the‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''field for the period until 2030 were described in the course of the exercise
and appropriate innovative product groups with the potential to significantly increase the competitiveness of Russian natural resources companies.
At the same time, the FS2 results showed that the Russian management system in the natural resources area could be more effective
including insufficient funding, obsolete and worn-out capital assets, lack of skilled personnel, exhausted reserves of easy-to-mine raw materials, increasingly more stringent environmental safety rules, etc.
the identification of such priorities was the objective of FS3. 3. 3 Innovation priorities for the Russian natural resources sector (FS3) Innovation priorities for the Russian natural resources sector for the period until 2025
were identified in the course of a special study commissioned by the RF Ministry of Natural resources and Ecology.‘‘
‘‘Innovation priorities''in the above study were considered to be major activities in the Russian natural resources sector's management system that would contribute to achieving the RF S&t priorities and solving the main problems in the area.
The following structural components of the natural resources sector were analysed in the framework of the project:
and B environment (i e. air, biodiversity and specially protected nature areas, dangerous natural phenomena, industrial waste and cumulative ecological damage,
representing all sectors related to natural resources. The innovation priorities until 2025 for the development of the Russian natural resources sector was developed on the basis of identification of the most important problems and challenges regarding the natural resources sector's management system and necessary conditions for S&t development.
So two main criteria were used for the identification of innovation priorities for the Russian natural resources sector, i e.:
1. solving key problems; and 2. conditions for S&t priority realisation. VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 47 As a result of this study, the innovation priorities and corresponding tasks were formulated for each structural component of the natural resources sector.
Also, suggestions on amendments to strategic documents of RF Ministries were proposed. As an example, below are presented priorities for innovation-based development of the‘‘industrial waste and cumulative ecological damage''sphere:
(i e. to key factors of environmental degradation in Russia, the main principles of state ecological policy, the list of strategic approaches of natural environment restoration,
as well as corresponding amendments to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the Land Code of the Russian Federation and the federal law‘‘About Environmental Protection''.
priorities for the Russian natural resources sector. FS3 was interrelated not with FS1 and FS2 structurally, but the results of FS2 showed (on the basis of the expert survey) that the Russian management system in the natural resources area needed to be much more effective
and that this was preventing S&t development. FS3 was initiated on the basis of these results and commissioned by the RF Ministry of Natural resources and Ecology (because the focus of FS3 is in the the sphere of responsibility of this Ministry).
Also, the results of FS1 and FS2 that showed the crucial support measures for the government (FS1)
the FS2 project showed that for full use of the priorities identified for the natural resources sector,
the results showed that the Russian management system in the natural resources area is not now really effective
and this is preventing S&t development Innovation priorities for the Russian management system in the natural resources area, which should create conditions for S&t development
and promote solving the key problems identified in the FS2 framework FS3 An identification of innovation priorities for the Russian management system in natural resources until 2030 The innovation priorities
components of the natural resources sector. Also, suggestions for amendments to strategic documents of RF Ministries were proposed Update of the list of innovation priorities PAGE 50 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 create an adequate management system for the sector.
In the framework of this study proposals to amend the relevant RF Ministry of Natural resources strategic documents (for example, Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Land Code of the Russian Federation
federal law‘‘About Environmental Protection''and others) were prepared in accordance with the selected priorities and major tasks for each component of the natural resources sector.
Also the RF Geologic Strategy and Water Strategy were developed on the basis of the innovation priorities for the Russian natural resources sector.
and major challenges that the natural resources sector is facing, its significant scale, and the large number of players, imply the need to use integrated approaches for identifying S&t and innovation priorities for this sector.
The innovation and S&t priorities for the Russian natural resources sector were identified in the framework of three connected foresight projects.
proposals to amend relevant strategic documents of the RF Ministry of Natural resources (e g. Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Land Code of the Russian Federation, federal law‘‘About Environmental Protection,
''and others) were prepared in accordance with the selected priorities and major tasks for each component of the natural resources sector.
Also the RF Geologic Strategy and Water Strategy were developed on the basis of the innovation priorities for the Russian natural resources sector Direct (high) VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 51
The first of these projects identified major S&t results in the‘‘Rational Use of Natural resources''area,
assessed the current level of Russia's S&t development, and the country's international S&t co-operation potential through the development of a national innovation system.
the most promising markets (and their segments) for Russian natural resources companies. Assessment of personnel, financial and technological requirements,
and corresponding tasks for improving the management system the Russian natural resources sector, which would contribute to its innovation-based development
and help to solve major environmental problems. The results of this project were strongly related to policy decision-making,
and shifts in the competitive environment for the preparation of strategic development in an organization, this paper aims to address a structured analysis method for future technology trajectories
Competitive intelligence is also important to retain a dynamic understanding of the technology trajectories of the surrounding industrial environment (Nelson, 1997.
and understand S&t-related shifts or trends in the competitive environment as a preparation for organizational planning and strategic development.
and the environment Energy Participation (Delphi second round) 202 experts 390 experts 177 experts Counts of Delphi topics related to sustainable energy 35 76 83vol.15
metallurgy 21 Surface technology, coating 22 Micro-structure and nanotechnology 23 Chemical engineering 24 Environmental technology 25 Handling 26 Machine tools 27 Engines,
12 (Control), 15 (Biotechnology), 17 (Macromolecular chemistry, polymers), 19 (Basic materials chemistry), 20 (Materials, metallurgy), 23 (Chemical engineering), 24 (Environmental technology
where the possible source technologies comprise technologies 14 (Organic fine chemistry), 15 (Biotechnology), 23 (Chemical engineering), 24 (Environmental technology), 30 (Thermal processes and apparatus), 32
), 21 (Surface technology, coating) and 24 (Environmental technology). When technology 24 (Environmental technology) is as source technology,
the prospected application technologies will be technologies 1 (Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy), 19 (Basic materials chemistry), 20 (Materials, metallurgy), 27 (Engines, pumps, turbines) and 35 (Civil engineering).
The source technologies comprise technologies 12 (Control), 15 (Biotechnology), 17 (Macromolecular chemistry, polymers), 19 (Basic materials chemistry), 20 (Materials, metallurgy), 24 (Environmental
the source technologies include technology 15 (Biotechnology), 23 (Chemical engineering), 24 (Environmental technology), 30 (Thermal processes and apparatus), 32 (Transport) and 35 Figure 3 Technology
(Environmental technology; technology 24 (Environmental technology) especially has more linkages with technology 23 (Chemical engineering. 3. 2 Mapping interactions across technologies from the top 25 percent important Delphi topics in each country Since the foresight results of these three countries were intended to be used for reference in priority setting
or in the R&d agenda setting process, it may therefore be strategically important to identify what kind of technologies are rated as important for these three countries;
The important source technologies comprise technologies 15 (Biotechnology), 17 (Macromolecular chemistry, polymers), 19 (Basic materials chemistry), 24 (Environmental technology) and 35 (Civil engineering.
''Other linkages are source technology 24 (Environmental technology) to application technology 20 (Materials, metallurgy), or source technology 25 (Handling) to 31 (Mechanical elements).
examples being technologies 1 (Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy), 20 (Materials, metallurgy), 24 (Environmental technology) and 27 (Engines, pumps, turbines),
technology 24 (Environmental technology) to technology 27 (Engines, pumps, turbines. The related topics contain‘‘Development of bio-information technology that can use Terahertz in biomedical operation,
''In the rest of the linkages, technologies with cross interactions include source technology 23 (Chemical engineering) to application technology 24 (Environmental technology;
and is to be used as a source technology to technology 24 (Environmental technology). This technology linkage reflects that the challenges faced by China,
with the aim of anticipating future S&tchanges and shifts in the competitive environment. By providing a consistent classification framework
Powell, J. H. and Bradford, J. P. 2000),‘Targeting intelligence gathering in a dynamic competitive environment'',International Journal of Information management, Vol. 20, pp. 181-95.
Drivers of change and sudden disruptive transformations range from profound technological changes, emergence of new business models and major economic restructuring, environmental disruptions, to shifts in social norms, values and lifestyles.
Current and future economic, environmental and societal challenges, as well as their combination emerge from such transformations
Energy, climate change, natural resources, food, water, and migration are among the most widely referred grand challenges. These are very large topics with fuzzy boundaries.
They typically involve complex and systemic relationships within and between social, technological, economic, environmental, and value systems.
e g. climate changes, energy, water, use of other natural resources, migration induced by war and other conflicts, economic hardship,
and demographic or environmental factors feasible in the current policy governance structures? do need we FTA (more precisely:
changes in regulation, changing/stronger ethical concerns, scarcity of natural resources, environmental issues, etc. as well as due to new combinations of existing and/or emerging technologies.
and practice in RTDI (Research, Technology development and Innovation), business strategy and sustainability, environment management, cleaner production and foresight.
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