new developments and funding aimed at minimising the negative health effects of human ageing or understanding, utilising
and these topics were fostered by funding Fraunhofer-specific internal projects. This first approach was followed by a second process in 2008 (Klingner and Behlau 2008.
institute consortia contributing to the future topics could apply for further internal and external funding. However, dedicated internal funding for each topic was not inherent in the process. 3. 3 Rationale for a new 2010 future-oriented process (demand-driven) The rationale of the Fraunhofer approach started with the assumption that there are obviously science
-and technology-driven approaches that make use of longteer thinking, but that the opposite (needs-driven) approaches are rare.
The most convincing proposals received substantial funding for three years. A second round of calls was successful
E5 million in funding for each challenge within the Future markets programme are to be spent (starting in 2011.
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