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Synopsis: Building: Building:

the purpose of the analysis (awareness raising, envisioning, consensus building, corporate technology planning, etc; the reliability of source information;

In early phases of opinion-building, open consultation and participation are necessary to exchange information,

The strength of AF could be enhanced further by building where appropriate on new modelling approaches.

and implementation of an embedded foresight process that was organized in the ERA NET program on wood material sciences 8. Building on the experiences from this process,

at best, help the stakeholders overcome possible barriers by supporting shared vision-building, networking and priority setting (see, e g.,

, Internet-based group-support systems, facilitated workshops, RPM Screening) were employed to foster vision-building, networking and priority setting in the development of a shared research agenda for an international research program. 3. Shaping of research agendas in Woodwisdom-Net Woodwisdom-Net4 was started in 2004 as one of the ERA NETS supported by European union.

and increasingly in the context of policymakking building on their capacity to facilitate an alignment of actors'expectations through interactions. 3. 3. 2. Examples

and semiquantiitativ data from Delphi surveys Consensus-building to reduce uncertainty about regulatory priorities and impacts Impossibility to detect major technological breakthroughs and their regulatory requirements Semiquantiitativ In case of conflicting interests, missing-consensus about priorities Identification of experts Uncertainty increases with complexity of the context (technology, markets

Building off MPM-1, we conducted interviews based on perspectives and projections of the field of lab-on-a-chip for single cell applications.

there are specific advantages to be gained by building on proximity relations. This comes from building up capacity based on resources in the region,

as well as a funnel for innovations coming from university research. Thus such a heterogeneous cluster would centre around university research and fabrication facilities18,

and proximity will allow for knowledge exchange and the building up of trust. The workshop participants pointed out that there are attempts at all four innovation chains.

a French MEMS business development consultancy. 20 There are attempts in The netherlands for innovation chain 3 building off micro

in a way it is a bottom-up way of methodology/tool building, growing with each new FTA exercise at this network level.

or which actor strategies of building up such chains to support. It can be linked with assessments of hype cycles,

there have been numerous Strategic Support Actions (SSA) of the FP6 Thematic areas that supported roadmap building

but also of social changes and the building of social 4 For an analysis of the major findings of the literature review see 1. 541 E. Amanatidou,

as well as the building of social capital, depend upon the degree to which collaboration and networking are facilitated within a society, within and between different groups of actors.

EU policy-makers might also use this structured way of futures-building as one of the tools assisting their initiatives to align national policies;

while the risk of building up too much organizational overhead could be minimized. Furthermore, critical framework conditions were taken into consideration.

Network building and participation in the foresight process provide an opportunity to affect the future developments and to create more desirable futures.

and social model building will get a needed boost. This marriage between epidemiology, statistics, and futures research will be important and powerful.

was described to often be isolated a rather activity. 4. 2. Factors determining success Institutional capacity-building was deemed an important requirement for making overall progress.

A combination of skills development, capacity-building, undertaking evaluation more regularly, as well as making better use of existing knowledge

. Robinson, V. Mangematin, A Rip, Building a nanodistrict: technology platforms and institutional entrepreneurship, Paper Presented at the Triple Helix Conference, Turin, May 18 21 2005.40 D. K. R. Robinson, A. Rip, V. Mangematin, Technological agglomeration

and (5) building new networks and linkages across fields, sectoor and markets, or around problems (Johnson and Jacobsson 2001).

and discussed the different areas of research in science and technology, building on, among other things, the vision papers.

system networking and community-building, and so on. It is not unusual for these priority-setting exercises to set out to identify only thematic or structural priorities at the outset,

ARC systems research, building on Cassingena Harper and Georghiou (2005), PREST (2006) and Forsociety (2007.

In order to improve Foresight impact on policy strategy building it has been proposed to complement collective Foresight processes with a strategic counselling phase where the outcomes are translated into strategic choices 9. To sum up,

in other words, the building of new institutions that are able to govern these innovations effectively 19.

But, undoubtedly, with the dynamics of the ERA building, a European R&i system is emerging,

The first component of field configuration relates to Knowledge dynamics building on Bonaccorsi's initial proposal

Arenas of governance Foresight objective Priority-setting Networking Building visions Strategic orientation Macro policy priority setting National/EU level stakeholders networks Overall political

The immediate conclusion for Foresight is need the for consensus building among stakeholders from industry and civil society for a further development of the European research and innovation system.

which gradually shifted their stress from straightforward priorities to an emphasis upon network building on the industry-academic nexus. New priorities can themselves have structural implications;

It has long been understood that foresight in particular has a role in building shared strategies see Georghiou in 1996:‘‘

and procedures to be used in FTA EXERCISES will find ways of building in and even enhancing time and opportunity for such encounters.

In the 2006 FTA Conference, the FTA COMMUNITY realised the need to address the imperative of improving the two-way linkage between knowledge and the building of a‘common world'.

O. Saritas, J. E. Smith/Futures 43 (2011) 292 312 295 Building on Petersen's work, Barber 9 developed an additional wild cards

2. Building on a survey of FTA Conference attendees-experts about critical trends, drivers, shocks-wildcards, discontinuities and weak signals, new insights can be gained about the state of Foresight and future uncertainties,

and insights that can be used to guide future Foresight work and additional FTA surveys of this type or building upon this base.

Hence a major challenge for the next generation of FTA is to shift the emphasis of training from capacity building in performing FTA

Findings FTA APPROACHES create spaces where an effective dialogue between key players in different policy domains facilitates vision-building

Furthermore, FTA APPROACHES create spaces where an effective dialogue between key players in different policy domains facilitates vision-building

ACTVOD futures process Building alternative scenarios that all fulfil the two-degree target 2nd Delphi round November 2008 Delphi:

and energy use of industry, heating of buildings and transport. These three sectors constitute the majority of the energy use in Finland:

industry (50 per cent), heating of buildings (21 per cent), transport (17 per cent) and miscellaneous uses (13 per cent)( Statistics Finland, 2009.

forest industry and mining Buildings Very strict norms on energy consumption for both old and new buildings,

all new buildings are plus-energy buildings Tight energy norms. Wood used extensively in building.

Versatile communal spaces (baths, recreation spaces) in buildings make apartment buildings a real option for detached houses Tight energy norms.

Buildings made from wood and other domestically available materials. All suitable buildings produce energy (solar, geothermal, biomass, wind.

Gardens and greenhouses in residential areas Some development in energy norms. Average living space and total area of heated buildings has increased significantly.

People commonly own more than one property (typically a city apartment or a town house and a holiday residence or cottage in the countryside) Transport Hugely increased telework,

Transportation and buildings require significantly less energy than in 2008 Decreased by 1/3 from 2008 level.

New houses and buildings in rural areas either passive or plus-energy houses and/or relying on renewables At the 2008 level

it is clear that building these memories is one of the possible applications of nanotubes in electronic devices.

First, it systematises the debate about future prospects for socioeconomic development amongst a wide variety of agents by building up plausible and coherent future visions.

In fact, economic policies and growing social requirements dictate the need for new infrastructure and buildings. Citizens'needs are assumed

when it comes to developing infrastructures, sites and buildings. Functional implications of Scenario C (2025.

This model will alternate compact buildings with abundant public spaces which will facilitate social relationships

vision-building and consensus-building for engineering major processes of transformation; shaping and defining research and innovation agendas (2011 FTA Conference Scientific Committee.

Arenas of governance Foresight objective Priority-setting Networking Building visions Strategic orientation Macro policy priority-setting National/EU level stakeholders networks Overall political

and outcomes become part of innovation races Networking Stakeholder participation tend to reproduce repertoires The newly established networks will start to promote the vision Participants may press their version of the future Building visions Foresight outcomes will not Be built very original visions may have unintended consequences

In this article, we explore the questions of systemic transformations and the building of an anticipaator culture in the context of VTT Technical research Centre of Finland.

We use a notion of process-based roadmapping that widens the horizons of traditional technology roadmapping in such directions as visionary strategic management, network building and development,

Strategic development paths and systemic transformation capacities An important starting point when building an anticipatory culture is the realisation that organisatiion act under constant temporal tension.

The first way is the building of a common vision. Basically, roadmapping is a collaborative long-range strategy process.

and (3) building a managerial orientation to deal with the results. These ideas and concepts are elaborated below.

Building a technological vision Scoping new enabling technologies or new products Identifying temporal sequences Identifying singular elements,

and outside the organisation Capacities for aligning development activities with societal drivers Building a market vision Capacities for market creation or entering into existing markets as a novel player Identification of novel

i e. a strong target Building strategic transparency Communicating strategic aims Building synthesising vision (vertical and horizontal) Visionary strategising Aligning roadmap knowledge Visionary Exploration of futures on different scales of certainty Systemic

openness towards future possibilities Drafting novel concepts Capacities for resilience Identifying wild cards Focusses primarily on vision building:

R&d perspective on a single technology or object Roadmapping single technologies from a certain perspective Enhancing organisational capacities in a certain technology field Building vision

and knowledge spaces 831 Figure 4. The roadmapping process in the Building Services Roadmap (Paiho et al. 2007,

) Table 3. Summary of the knowledge spaces in the Building Services Roadmap. Knowledge Key systemic capacities space Description associated with the space Forms of project knowledge Technology Exercise covered the field of building services with an explicit focus on the future possibilities,

e g. spread the vision of technological possibilities for rather conservative markets in building and construction Novel market features and actors were identified,

players Articulated demand opportunities especially in the advanced building service solutions Identified societal and market drivers,

It also enhanced capacity building for newintegrated market players and clarified the role of VTT in relation to these new players.

for example, the identification of novel market features and actors, articulating demand opportunities in advanced building service solutions,

and take part in the processes of the clients Building thematic roadmaps on four project themes:(

towards integrated service packages Visionary Forming a new kind of service-oriented culture in a rather conservative field Fostering structural adaptabiliit for the adoption of new kinds of practices Building explicit visions in roadmap themes:(

Examples of these new service concepts are, for example, different kinds of circumstance services, such as building in stable and dry conditions,

of the‘Nordicness'in the context of ICT applications Building structural openness for a Nordic region in the context of ICT adoption Building a systematic set of actions in the medium and long term and in the context of the four scenarios

Creation of four context scenarios on the adoption of ICT in four Nordic countries Building system-level strategic

abilities at Nordic regional level Construction of implementation strategies Visionary Building long-term visionary glimpses to the futures of ICT applications and adoption of ICT in Nordic region Aimed at systemic

and construction machinery roadmap) emphasised the building of a novel service-oriented culture, albeit through differing knowledge spaces and roadmap scopes.

which extends the horizons of roadmappiing We also presented four case examples the Building Service Roadmap, SSB Network, Construction Machinery Roadmap,

Additional results might be community building between stakeholders from various disciplines in academia as well as strengthening of networks between academia and industry. 4. Characteristics and use of strategic dialogues As a highly flexible tool

Scenarios and exploration in depth Given that future-looking activities of the BMBF often span time periods of ten to 20 years it can be fruitful to engage all stakeholders in building normative and/or exploratory scenarios as a guide and framework

Cagnin, C. and Loveridge, D. 2011),‘A business framework for building anticipatory capacity to manage disruptive and transformative change and lead business networks towards sustainable development,

In terms of engineering science and technology, it was a relatively simple process to identify possible responses from the research and innovation systems at a national level, through addressing known gaps in capacity and building on emerging areas of strength.

Vision-building and consensus-building for considering and inducing guided processes of transformation. Shaping and defining dialogues on transformations

and which enable the building of trust through inclusiveness and transparency in processes, and rigour in methods.

In the USA, the approach entails mainly integrated vision-building and governance network-building coupled with avoiding centralised S&t planning.

Nugroho and Saritas 42 propose a framework for this, building on online foresight survey data, and by pointing at benefits in the various phases of a foresight process:

proposition of model building and emergence) and dorganismt by artifact.##Evolution of organisms is the conjunction of two facts:

In the points below I try to resume some important aspects that were considered never consistently in the attempts of model building of an ETTC:

Typically plus and minus 50%of the default value Orders of time delays There are various time delays, such as building of new recycling capacity and mines.

For example, by analyzing the dominant motivation of the scenario cases we found a tension between incentives for consensus building and incentives for discovery.

Schweinfort, Building scenarios with fuzzy cognitive maps: an exploratory study of solar energy, Futures 43 (2011) 52 66.76 B. Höijer, R. Lidskog, Y. Uggla, Facing dilemmas:

and building up precisely engineered artifacts from the bottom up. Drexler became a key figure for this new technological vision

. Integrated vision-building and governance network-building in the US At the end of the 1990s, the US science policy community established an organizational structure around nanotechnologies

The activities were directed strategically to building on existing areas of strength such as in the automotive industry and microelectronics.

Policy Res. 28 (2011) 197 217.24 M. Powell, D. L. Kleinman, Building citizen capacities for participation in nanotechnology decision-making:

, J. Cassingena Harper, T. Konnola, V. Carabias Barcelo, Building FTA capacities for systemic and structural transformations:

Moreover, the authors'claim that a collective vision should be shaped by building upon individual views actions and interactions with larger institutional structures. 2. 2. Responsiveness towards diverse languages and cultures Diversity among global participants and their differing constituencies set a coordination challenge that calls for responsiveness towards all

Along the same line, the ways in which workable agreements will be achieved should be prepared from the outset building upon shared understanding as well as collective and creative knowledge.

and vary from concerns with the take-up of FTA knowledge in policy and decision processes, through to organisational vision-building,

The paper describes the embedded foresight process implemented to achieve a shared vision-building among different stakeholders, and the shaping of new research and technology development networks in European-wide innovation policy coordination.

In spite of the terminological differences, a common, explicit focus is put on dialogue, co-production, societal learning, joint agenda-building, etc.

It seeks to understand the complex interactions between products, services, users and other stakeholders in multiple, realistic contexts, building on Foresight theory and practice, traditional user research,

The established dialogue helped State representatives understand the need of building proper feedback mechanisms to continually capture

and its partners in the value chain considering alternative futures and building upon increased participation in decision making processes for applications such as:

An Appraisal and Agenda for Future research, Handbook of Strategic management, Blackwell Business, Malden, Massachusetts, 2001, pp. 602 626.12 R. Kaplan, D. Norton, Building a Strategy-Focused

D. Norton, Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system, Harvard Business Review 74 (1996) 75 85.26 S f. Lee, A s. Ko, Building balanced scorecard

/Futures 59 (2014) 62 78 68 innovation process, from futures research, topic identification and business field exploration to consortia building,

New york, 2011.45 K. M. Eisenhardt, Building theories from case study research, Academy of Management Review 14 (1989) 532 550.46 R. E. Herriott, W

C Jonathan Calof (corresponding author) and Jack E Smith are at the Telfer School of management, Desmarais Building, Universiit of Ottawa, 55 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa K1n

and bridge building to move forward New decision-making structures, processes: i e. demonstrating new ways of governance

He is now at the Government Information technology Services, National science and Technology development Agency, 17th Floor, Bangkok Thai Tower Building, 108 Rangnam Rd, Phayatthai Ratchatewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;

Secondly, missionaan excellence-driven research dominates over institution-and capacity-building and diffusion objectives. Thirdly, the process of setting research priorities is characterized by a combination of central goal articulation top-down decision-making and decentralization

The second is related to institutiionand capacity-building and governance of the S&t system, and in particular floor funding of academic institutiions Ergas'work

institution-and capacity-building and governance refer to efforts aimed at creating basic foundations for research and innovation.

Perhaps the most important investments in institutionaan capacity-building are made in the field of education.

there is a need for additional policies that are related to networks, community building, visions, experiments and learning.

which contribuut to creating spaces for market formation. 5. 3 Building organisational capacity The capacity-building role of FTA refers to the enhancemeen of strategic capabilities and the responsiveness of individuals and organisations to emerging

thus contributing to the building of shared agendas and dynamic multilateral partnerships Develop widely shared visions of the future with

In the same vein, three PPPS were established under the European Economic Recovery Plan to help industries that were hit severely by the economic recession (Factories of the Future, Energy efficient Buildings and Green Cars.

a well-organised preparation phase including training and enabling trust building, as well as regular interactions among stakeholders that allow active engagement and understanding of foresight philosophy and practices.

Building on three dimensions (transformation types, governance modes, and organisational models of FTA) a conceptual frame is developed for analysis in the empirical part of this paper. 2. 1 The fast-changing context:

vision-building and consensus-building for engineering major processes of transformation and efforts to define the research agenda, setting research priorities and specialisation focus.

The integration mode is likely to lead to the implementation of normative approaches that support common vision-building and priority setting.

Consensus-building and effectiiv engagement of civil society. Programmes and projects. Networking to address open innovation Emerging rationales for FTA.

but also to shape the future, building upon mutual understanding and common visions which are to be pursued jointly.

building a continuous and shared approach to understand the present, exploring alternative futures and shaping the direction to follow, coupled with an evaluation of

The exercise set out to map the long-term uncertainties of developments around international science cooperation with a view to building greater agility vis-a vis disruptive change.

'about aligning expectations and building a‘self-fulfilling prophecy'.'In a systemic view, foresight can

The second is the building of advocacy coalitions. Foresight builds up an‘interaction space'by stimulating new networks and communities through the formation of a common vision.

The first way is through the building of a common vision. The building of a collaboratiiv vision stimulates the commitment and embeddedness of the long-term goals.

Therefore organizations that are involved can utilize the vision as a‘beacon'for navigating towards the future.

Roadmap of green and intelligent buildings in Victoria, Australia 4. 1 Background The first case study is a regional-sectoral strategy process,

In Fig. 3 we illustrate the outlines of the green and intelligent buildings roadmap in the Victoria Technology roadmap project.

Innovation policy roadmapping. 183 4. 2 Outline of the transformation roadmap In this case, the roadmap knowledge was crystallized in a transformation roadmap (Fig. 3). The working vision for the green and intelligent buildings roadmap,

Victoria is sophisticated a market for green and intelligent buildings. It is among the first to adopt sustainable constructiio technologies and green business models in building and construction.

Victoria is a lead market for solutions suited for buildings in dry and warm climate conditions. 4. 2. 1 Drivers.

At present, the most important driver in the construction sector is cost-efficiency. Short-term pressuure for profit dominate over the longer term building performance issues and user needs.

convertible and user-friendly buildings. Traditionally, user needs have not been translated very well into building designs. Particularly in the Victoria region there are specific energy-efficiency requirements,

and refurbishhment of buildings to allow senior citizens to remain in their homes. The trend towards single-households sets requirements for more households per head of population and smaller dwelling units. 4. 2. 2 Policies.

Demonstration projects exhibiting value of green building concepts 3d and product model technologies; Standalone HVAC solutions;

Green building standards go mainstream in new constructions; Retrofitting existing stock to meet environmental standards SOLUTIONS:

Distributed building services systems (e g. heating, air conditioning; Separate solutions for design, building, and operation; Individual solutions and separate maintenance from different suppliers;

Building simulation services MARKETS (i e. demand side policies: From technically specified regulations toward performance based regulations;

Financial support to green building demonstration projects; Support to green building standardisation; Government procurement of green buildings;

Use of green building standards in procurements; Use of life cycle approach in procurement PRODUCTS AND SOLUTIONS:

Support to collaborative R&d; Facilitating commercialization of research results TECHNOLOGIES: Public funding for research and technology development;

Distributed building services systems (e g. cooling, air conditioning, heating; Integrated user interface for all controls of building services;

Integrated building and facility management services; Solutions for non-disruptive repairs; Modular building services; Performance contracting;

LED) High performance insulating materials Product model technologies linking design, building, and operation; Integrated HVAC; Real-time energy management systems;

OLED) Figure 3. Transformation roadmap of green and intelligent buildings in Victoria, Australia. 184. T. Ahlqvist et al. to support regional strategy processes by executing systematti rounds of global market foresights.

A further policy proposal would be to catalyse government procurement of green buildings, and also to use the green building standards

and life-cycle approach in these procurements. The public sector should drive demand for innovative solutions through the early adoption of new solutions.

and some demonstration projects exhibiitin the value of green building concepts have already been realized. From the medium-to long-term

assessment and certification services, low-energy concepts and distributed building services systems (e g. heating and air conditioning.

zero energy concepts, distributed building services systems (e g. for cooling, air conditioning and heating), integrated user interface for all controls of building services,

green rating incorporated in pricing throughout the building's life cycle, performance contracting and performance-based insuraances In the long-term the more emergent solutions are positive energy concepts, e g.‘

At present, one of the most importaan enabling technologies is 3d and product model technologies, like building information models.

Current R&d on HVAC accentuates the connection of separate systems into a larger building automation system through ICT protocols.

In addition, important emergent enablers are product model technologies that integrate buildings in urban infrastructure, energy harvesting HVACS and user-enabled EMS.

and distributed in buildings or at the neighbourhood level. New ecomobility solutions, such as hybrid and electrical vehicles, are common

A considerable portion of the energy is generated in a distributed manner in buildings or at the neighbourhood level

The first case study (green and intelligent buildings in Victoria Australia) was an example of a transformmatio roadmap that was completed as part of a wider regional strategy for industrial renewal.

2009) Energy efficiency in Buildings. Transforming the Market. Geneva: World Business Council for Sustainable development. Weber, M.,Kubeczko, K.,Kaufmann, A. and Grunewald, B. 2009)‘ Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis:

To this end, longer-term strategic requirements with a 10 5 year outlook are identified in a systematic way, building on knowledge about future aspects of animal disease develoopmen in Europe and the world,

A draft research agenda, known as the Strategic research Framework (SRF) has been developed building upon and around four interconnected pillars,

and capabilities as an integral part of programming. 4. Discussion Building on our experiences from the case studies,

building on diverse statistical and policy support databases and the plethora of documentation from different levels of research and innovation systems.

Institute of Innovation research, MBS, Harold Hankins Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9pl, UK 2tno, Wassenaarseweg 56,2333 AL Leiden, The netherlands 3eu DG

whereby the output of scanning can be incorporated effectively into vision building and strategic planning. The present paper draws on the experiences from the seventh European Framework programme horizon scanning project Scanning for Emerging science and Technology Issues (SESTI.

By building on the encouraging experiences of this exercise, we outline methodological steps in support of comparable scanning processes which facilitate the incremental development of crosscutting challenges

Salo et al. 2009) in preparation for subsequent face-to-face stakeholder workshops. 2. 4 Building ground for crosscutting policy coordination At best,

Such workshops may also aspire to support vision-building and priority-setting and engage policy-makers

and adapt to societal challenges by building on social diversity and information and communications technologies to enable citizens'empowerment..

Building an initial set from one or few issues that appear to be particularly significant..

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