761,137 7. 2 213,686 Production/management concepts 51 8. 0 8, 406,303 7. 0 164,829 Other 112 17.7 16,631, 768
48 24.1 Microelectronics 21 10.6 Nanotechnology 6 3. 0 Process engineering 16 8. 0 Production/management concepts 14 7. 0 Other
The fourth and last method, the local linear regresssio matching, is based on the same concept as kernel matching.
33 20 60.6 Microelectronics 27 16 59.3 Nanotechnology 6 5 83.3 Process engineering 29 15 51.7 Production/management concepts 23 14
Although there are some difficulties in working with these three concepts alone or together it is their merger
but also the concepts of governance, macro-coordination and develoopmen of vertical communication channels in the governnmen area return to the forefront.
when and how are these three concepts interconnected? We can say that they are interconnnecte every time the need arises to identify possible futures
3. The value of out-of-the-box thinking in a foresight exercise The concept of out-of-the-box thinking adopted in this paper is related to learning organization theory (Tosey 2005.
It is associated directly with the mind-set concept. Brummer's thoughts about mind-sets in management are interesting
and capture the essence of this concept:..knowledge about the human behavior which drives a competitive force,
This concept requires that experts and other stakeholders think about the new to collectively foresee related issues,
Based on concepts developed by the EU (Santos and Santos 2003), foresight is considered to be an activity connecctin three different dimensions of the same process:
as opposed to the original concept, commonly adopted, by drawing a line based on known facts
Concepts and Practice, pp. 3 23. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Miles, I.,Keenan, M. and Kaivo-Oja, J. 2002) Handbook of Knowledge society Foresight.
Concepts and Practice, pp. 44 88. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Porter, A l.,Ashton, W. B.,Clar, G.,Coates, J. F. et al.
Throughout the era, Chinese leaders have pointed to science as a key to economic progress and competitiveness, most recently through the concept of‘scientific development'and the launching of the indigennou innovation strategy (e g.
and the configuration of the innovation systems The conception of the configuration of the three innovattio systems is established on the theoretical foundations of different system approaches.
before we build the new concept for an innovation system we first review the key concepts of each approach,
which deepen our understanding of the concept of NSTISS. Firstly, the actors and networks of different NSTISS may differ from each other
basic concept and issues'.'In: Malerba, F. ed.)Sectoral Systems of Innovation: Concepts, Issues and Analyses of Six Major Sectors in Europe, pp. 9 35.
Cambridge: CUP..( (2005)‘ Sectoral innovation systems: how and why innovattio systems differs across sectors'.'In: Nelson, R.,Mowery, D. and Fagerberg, J. eds.
Concepts, Issues, and Analyses of Six Major Sectors in Europe, pp. 73 119. Cambridge: CUP.
Political consensus despite divergeen concepts of precaution',Science and Public policy, 32: 277 84. Wong, J. 2005)‘ Remaking the developmental state in Taiwan:
The mobilisation of resources has important consequences for knowledge development activities. 4. Orienting innovation systems towards grand challenges The special nature of the requirements of grand challenges to find effective solutions brings to the fore concepts such as transformative
The concept of European Innovation Partnerships (EIPS) introduced by the Innovation Union Flagship Initiative is the overarching framework embracing relevant joint programming activities ranging from Art. 185 initiatives to ERA NETS, or JPIS.
and pursue a broad concept of innovation involving all actors and regions in the innovation cycle,
The concept of the EIPS is placed wider and at a more generic level than existing initiatives like JPIS,
A promising framework for this purpose is offered under the concept of JPIS for example. As acknowledged in the Voluntary Guidelines on Framework Conditions for Joint Programming in Research 201010 forward-looking activities might be used both
Applying diversified roadmap concept'Ahlqvist et al. 2011) Deals with a deliberate roadmapping approach both to rapid and gradual systemic transformations characterised by complexity
Applying diversified roadmap concept at VTT, Finland, 'Paper presented at the FTA 2011 Conference, held 12 13 may, Seville, Spain.<
. 2012)‘ On concepts and methods in horizon scanning: Lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues',Science and Public policy, 39: 208 21.
and complex concept and there are just a few organisations involved in organising this space at present. UNESCO plays an imporrtan role at the governmental level while ICSU coordinaate international programmes across its scientific unions and national members.
The concept of the integrity of the scientist is very important in international science but this may be influenced by a range of external pressures, e g. political contexts, career incentive structures, etc.
There could also be challenges to the concept of self regulation in the light of demands for new forms of public accountability.
spending Concept of scientific integrity expands to include wider societal role scientists expected to play Strong cooperation between natural
foresight and forward-looking policy design The concept of a system has different emphases in different branches of the innovation literature.
Demonstration projects exhibiting value of green building concepts 3d and product model technologies; Standalone HVAC solutions;
Low-energy concepts; Distributed building services systems (e g. heating, air conditioning; Separate solutions for design, building, and operation;
Zero energy concepts; Distributed building services systems (e g. cooling, air conditioning, heating; Integrated user interface for all controls of building services;
Positive energy concepts (e g. building as a power plant; Distributed energy generation and harvesting; Inconspicuous and adjustable user interfaces;
and some demonstration projects exhibiitin the value of green building concepts have already been realized. From the medium-to long-term
assessment and certification services, low-energy concepts and distributed building services systems (e g. heating and air conditioning.
zero energy concepts, distributed building services systems (e g. for cooling, air conditioning and heating), integrated user interface for all controls of building services,
performance contracting and performance-based insuraances In the long-term the more emergent solutions are positive energy concepts, e g.‘
In the future, systems will be integrated towards a smart grid concept that enables distributed, small-scale energy generation. This also requires new energy market players that take the responsibility for aggregating the distributed energy resources to the grids.
scenarrio for long-term urban developments, an improved understanding of future trends and research needs, first concepts and recommendations for policy measures, a strengthening of the European research and innovation communities,
On concepts and methods in horizon scanning: Lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues Effie Amanatidou1,,
and dialogue. 2. Defining and clarifying concepts 2. 1 Weak signals alongside emerging issues and wild cards Horizon scanning implies a search process,
Horizon scanning typically builds on concepts such as weak or early warning signals within the framework of political discourse and decision-making.
These terms are connected closely, if not confused, with the concepts of emerging issues and wild cards.
Table 1 provides the definitions of these concepts shedding some light on their differences. While uncertainly and incomplettenes characterise weak signals, it is their sudden nature
On the other hand, the concept of an emerging issue refers to a higher level of abstraction in the sense that an issue emerges
while the issue-centred approach concentrates on identifying core documents (primary signals) that describe substantial Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 209 parts of potential issues.
but also Conference table 1. Summary of concepts applied in horizon scanning Concept Description Weak signals Citing from Igor Ansoff,
and researchers (Mendonc¸a et al. 2009) Emerging issues Beyond horizon scanning the concept of emerging issues is used also in the area of risk assessment (Marvin et al. 2009), in the field of environmental issues (Sutherland et al. 2010) and in organisations in their environmental scanning (Morrison 1992).
It comes close to the concept of future narratives as used by Van der Steen (2008) in his political discourse analysis. Van der Steen (2008) sees future narratives as‘stories about what the future,
Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 211 In the SESTI project the following tools were used for the scanning:
Many of the sophisticated community annotation systems that are used currently in biology are based on the wiki concept (Mons et al. 2008;
Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 213 Step 5 Tentative modelling of emerging issues into possible emerging issues.
However, text-mining is useful in the processing phase as it identifies networks and clusters of concepts and phrases within huge data sets.
Text-mining Low Medium Medium Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 215 want to be successful by giving the right alerts to policy-makers at the right time in order not to over-occupy their busy agendas.
conferences further outlook in literature Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 217 Table 5. Analysis of three combined approaches across evaluation criteria (a) Semi-automated, participatory approach (b
As facilitated by policy workshops Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 219 model-based forecasting. In general, model-based forward-looking results are taken into account far more seriously by policy-makers than horizon scanning data
Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 221
Facing the future: Scanning, synthesizing and sense-making in horizon scanning Totti Ko nno la 1,,
but somewhat imprecise, concept of weak signals‘seems to be everything and anything that is related to substantial potential change'before he elaborates an alternative scanning framework that embodies concepts such as weak signals, drivers and trends.
On a somewhat different note, Ko nno la et al. 2007) argue that the collection of weak signals tends to produce relatively unstructured pools of signals
2012)‘ On concepts and methods in horizon scanning: Lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues',Science and Public policy, 39: 208 22.
That means‘real'prototypes or results developed in a collaborative manner are expected from the projects Section 4 explains this process in more detail. 4. Methodology of the 2010 process 4. 1 The concept of the 2010 future-oriented
But in most cases, one single institute took the lead in the problemsollvin with a certain technological focus and a solution concept.
Fraunhofer future markets. 243 The authors of this paper were involved in the concept and practical application of the 2010 Fraunhofer futureorieente process.
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