| Concept (439) |  |
| New concept (10) | |
| Concept (439) | |
| New concept (10) | |
One of the concepts discussed was that of robustness in the methodologies on offer when the constituency making use of these results views outcomes.
& Social Change 72 (2005) 1059 1063 1061 new ways of framing studies, applying the concepts underlying marketing tools based on human behaviour to foresight design,
experience curves, applying foresight to the concept of continuous social transformation with responsibility, voluntary negotiated agreements in major policy areas giving rise to foresight
The paper shows that concepts applied to biological evolution are applicable, through useful metaphors, to economics and technology assessment.
we will operate with the terms robust and adaptive as the highest level concepts. However, flexible will also be afforded a distinct role.
which is a variant of the Robust Portfolio Modeling (RPM) methodology for the analysis of innovation ideas and innovative concepts 9, 10,18, 19.
These dynamics can be explained by the concept of socio-technical path 31,32: multiple actors follow their own paths-as-strategies towards a future of possible (if competing,
The concept of path dependency was mentioned first by Paul David 37 and later by Brian Arthur 38.
and looks at sociotechhnica paths as emerging as outcomes of actor alignments within and across multilevels. 13 Researchers working with the concept of socio-technical paths have recently taken up the notion of emerging irreversibilities.
Increasing alignment and entanglement in the concept of socio-technical paths can be linked to emerging irreversibilities 2, 41,44 48.
The concept of emerging irreversibilities combines emerging structure (as in path dependency literature) with agency (as in path creation literature) by looking at indicators of alignment
but also providing novel concepts for separation and detection, cell analysis, cell manipulation etc. Also, in the field of biomedical research, off the back of the Human Genome Project15, a major emphasis in cell biology over the last decade has been focused on in areas related to genomics, proteomics, medical diagnostics,
and builds its network around them with a view to transition to a company after proof of concept. 6. Discussion
Manag. 46 (2 march April 2003) 47 52.15 K. Matzler, M. Rier, H. H. Hinterhuber, B. Renzl, C. Stadler, Methods and concepts
Concepts, Spaces and Tools, Edward Elgar, 2002, pp. 355 381.65 B. Elzen, P. S. Hofman, F. W. Geels, Sociotechnical scenarios (STSC) A new
. K. R. Robinson, The use of the path concept and emerging irreversibilities in the analysis and modulation of nanotechnologies, EIASM Workshop on organising paths paths of organising, Berlin, November 2006, pp. 3 4
In all of this, people's perceptions and concepts such as bounded rationality are crucial. Bounded rationality (which simply acknowledges that an individual's perception is limited
A prospective analysis of new technology fundamentally hinges on the concept of novelty. It is the newest and most novel of technologies which presents the greatest challenges for technological forecasting.
and thereby creating a new set of design concepts and a new configuration of components technologies.
These concepts are explored further in this paper with a case exploring a software technology known as AJAX.
data. 1144 S w. Cunningham/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1138 1149 The resultant hierarchical random graph usefully distinguishes between high-level concepts
and more narrowly defined technical concepts For instance Ajax is placed at the highest level, along with general purpose technologies such as web servers, Javascript and object-oriented computer science.
There is change in core concepts (or as we identify them in this article the nodes of the network),
and change in the linkages between the concepts. Thus, as these authors argue, there are two different flavors of radical innovation architectural innovation (focusing on links),
The author suggests that the original conception of architectural change, as specified by Henderson and Clark 29, is predicated on external sources of innovation.
expressly interested in both concepts as well as objects. Knowledge about science and technology may come in two forms.
It is important also to acknowledge that this is only a first demonstration of concept on a relatively limited sample.
, 1979.16 K. M. Clark, The interaction of design hierarchies and market concepts in technological evolution, Res.
Section 3 presents the procedural outlay of the Regional Infrastructure method and introduces concepts for addressing the trade-offs relative to context uncertainties, conflicts and sustainability deficits.
Furthermore, RIF offers an approach to explore disruptive alternatives in the mode 2 foresight concept.
, The concept of sustainable urban water management, Water Sci. Technol. 35 (9)( 1997) 3 10.17 D. Dominguez, W. Gujer, Evolution of a wastewater treatment plant challenges traditional design concepts, Water Res. 40 (7
)( 2006) 1389 1396.18 I. Miles, J. Cassingena Harper, L. Georghiou, M. Keenan, R. Popper, The many faces of foresight, in:
Concepts and Practice, E Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 2008.19 C. Cagnin, M. Keenan, Positioning future-oriented technology analysis, in:
concept, applications, and user guidelines, Syst. Pract. 2 (3)( 1989) 307 331.36 S. S. Gezelius, K. Refsgaard, Barriers to rational decision-making in environmental planning, Land use Policy 24 (2
Consequently, concepts such as participatory technology assessment, construuctiv technology assessment, discursive TA, and consensus conferences have emerged, and both technology-driven
Risk assessment and risk management concepts can refer e g. to risk assessment related to health risk, toxicology, ecology, food safety or industrial use 12,
In this methodology, the concept of risk iswidened to consider the risks in the innovation processesmay these be either intra-corporate R&dor highly distributed
One opportunity was selected for more thorough concept development including iterative steps of idea generation and enrichment,
concept elaboration and business potential analysis. The criteria used forced to take into account various kinds of uncertainties
Concepts and Precepts, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Hampshire, 2006, pp. 9 17,2006. 28 T. Uusitalo, R. Koivisto and W. Schmit, Proactive risk assessment of critical infrastructures.
and refining the conceptualization and application of futures research methods. For example, the Internet has made participatory approaches among geographically dispersed people practical.
And, how does a concept move from disrepute to respectability? How does vision of the future and perceptions of reality change?
It challenges old concepts and, with any paradigm shift, opens new opportunities of unprecedented magnitude.
The technology barometer instrument utilizes the concepts developed by contemporary social scientists and innovation theorists, such as Bell 8
so as to generate product concepts with increasing initiative and courage. The third societal viewpoint is even more comprehensive
in order to avoid compromising too much of the scientific validity of the concept. The processes for analyzing the collected data
Despite the somewhat different premises of these stakeholder groups the barometer concept has proven to be capable of casting some light into the black boxes of innovation system by focusing decision-makers attention to core subjects,
One new approach to be integrated in the barometer structure in the future can be oriented the future concept of impact assessment
risk analysis, and foresight approach into one anticipatory methodological concept of strategic policy intelligence. In principle, this concept could be applied in the study of different kinds of societal objects and objectives, related to national innovation system, regions, research programmes or societal actors, engaging private enterprises and public organizations.
Appendix A. Examples of composite indicators Source: JRC (2002) and compilation by OECD. Area/name of composite indicator Economy Composite of Leading indicators (OECD) OECD International Regulation Database (OECD) Economic Freedom of the World
This paper focuses on the concept design of the process and explains one of the methods the future online survey in more detail.
The concept was that every participant could choose himself which topics to judge. The principle of the concept of the online survey questionnaire is shown in Fig. 4. The first page of the online survey explained the BMBF Foresight process and the online survey in general.
The first page of the questionnaire allowed to choose 1 of 20 topic fields. Clicking on the specific field
one is about the nuclear fuel lifecycle, the other one about security concepts. The third one is energetic use of biomass/second generation,
Fig. 4. Principle of the survey design (questionnaire concept. 1192 K. Cuhls et al.//Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1187 1197 3. 4. Some results In the end, eight new future fields (broader fields) with a different perspective as well as single future topics in all 20
In the future, the mechanisms of ageing on the molecular level of the whole body and specially the brain will deliver new insights for cognition, emotions and psychomotoric or other concepts.
technical and organisational concepts have to be integrated in order to address the critical challenges of the future.
acceptance Number of persons Nuclear fuel lifecycle 94 Nuclear safety and security concepts 58 Energetic use of biomass/second generation 51 Influence on the behaviour
such as the concepts of adaptive and Embedded foresight, and how does expected the impact relate to these conceptual developments?
L. Georghiou (Ed.),The Handbook of Technology foresight, Concepts and Practice, PRIME Series on Research and Innovation policy, 2008, pp. 131 152.29 K. Cuhls, K. Blind, Knut
The Handbook of Technology foresight, Concepts and Practice, PRIME Series on Research and Innovation policy, 2008.32 S. Kuhlmann, et al.
One conceptual framework to structure the oftentimes messy processes of policy-making is the concept of the policy cycle 14.
This concept breaks the policy-making process down into several phases: 1. Policy issue identification, i e. to recognize that there is a problem;
and vice versa 13.1199 A. Volkery, T. Ribeiro/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1198 1207 The limitations of the policy cycle concept have been discussed widely.
However, the concept provides a useful orientation frame for our analysis. It helps the observation that information needs of policy-making,
One example is the study of Groves et al. who presented decision aids incorporating scenario concepts in a series of workshops to managers
The resulting framework that emerges from CSH is a set of boundary concepts usable as a checklist of critical boundary questions.
'a well known concept in brain science (see 6), toward the adoption of ever more invasive technologies: this is now widely questioned.
But the potential breakthrough nature of nanotechnologies as enablers of radically new applications may mean a complex reconfiguration of the environments that a nanotechnology innovation may traverse during its‘lifetime'from concept to well embedded technology in our society.
theory and concepts Recent thinking about innovation adds up to a general idea that technology emergence is a process of innovation and selection shot through with anticipations (c. f. quasi-evolutionary
In this project on RRIWE add a further conceptualization using the idea of arenas of innovation and selection
The advantage of this conceptualization is that it allows selection environments and framing conditions to be an explicit part of the mapping. 2. 2. Innovation chain+:
Robinson and Propp 6 used the innovation chain concept in the context of path dynamics. 7 Here I make a distinction.
and the sociological concept of institutionalization captures a large part of what happens. When technology is involved, irreversibilities are solidified further in configurations that work 30.
The concept of configuration that works applies to artefacts and systems, and includes (in principle) social linkages and alignments as well.
and based on expectations analysis and the concept of emerging irreversibilities, show how actors interactions and reactions would co-evolve with the broader IC+landscape. 6. 1. A new member to the socio-technical scenario family
Concepts, Spaces and Tools, Cheltenham (UK), Northampton (MA, USA), Edward Elgar, 2002.5 A. H. van de ven, D. E. Polley, R. Garud, S. Venkataraman
Concepts, Spaces and Tools, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2002.8 J. Schot, A. Rip, The past and future of constructive technology assessment, Technol.
The paper introduces the concept of'stakeholder image, 'which is associated with the inherent characteristics of specific social groups from socioeconnomic cognitive and political perspectives.
the concepts of national innovation systems (NIS) and technology innovation systeem (TIS) are important in understanding how new technologies emerge
Concepts such as strategy methods priority-setting and foresight are not always familiar to scientists. Large parts of the science community often associate such terms with administration, bureaucracy, political intervention in science and similar, negatively associated terms,
In line with these concepts, the 1990s were also characterised by a great reluctance of government policy to prioritise research themes and select technologies in a top down manner.
The concept of distributed policy making and intelligence (Kuhlmann 2001; Smith 2002) draws our attention to various policy practices relying extensively on the knowledge, experience and competence of the different stakeholders concerned.
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 959 Panel 1 FTI in business Integrative concept for RTI-strategy Panel
Empirically, the case at hand illustrates the challenges posed by stakeholder participation based on the concept of‘Inclusive foresight'.
Reflexivity is a broad concept, with roots in philosophical, literary and social as well as natural science discourses.
concepts and practice. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Gertler, M. S, . and D. A. Wolfe. 2004. Local social knowledge management:
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 992 A. Salo et al. panel meetings were organised only about seven weeks later than the initial meeting of the panel chairmen. 3. 3. Analytical concepts and methodological
units of analysis characterised by key concepts were defined to provide structure to the panel discussions and to assist in the explorattio of future developments and their implications for scientific and technological competences.
These concepts had to be sufficiently generic to serve the needs of all panels and to facilitate the development of meaningful priorities at an appropriate level of aggregation.
The following key concepts and templates were employed in Finnsight: A driving force was defined as an event
First, the modular process design ensured that the panels produced their analyses using the same concepts (cf.
Basic conceptions and visions of the regional foresight system in Finland. Foresight 4, no. 6: 34 45.
and policymakers in the domain of research and innovation gravitates towards a concept that in its construction already includes the participation of both communities.
Concepts and Practice, Elgar, Cheltenham, 2007, pp. 24 43.9 F. Scapolo, A l. Porter, M. Rader, Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA:
Key Foresight concepts such as‘‘vision''that were used previously in a rather broad and all encompassing manner have been deconstructed
and innovation system This section presents a concept for analysing the institutional arrangements characterising the R&i system in a given research field.
We suggest to extend this concept to the European level complemented by a thematic perspective focussing on a given field of research area.
Barre''s analytical perspective builds on various theoretical concepts: R&i systems, principal-agent and agency theories, strategic and distributed intelligence for innovation policy.
Concepts and Practice, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA, 2008.3 R. Barre',Synthesis of Technology foresight, in:
The open intelligence concept contrasts sharply with the more common concept of targeted intelligence or the understanding of business intelligence as an analytical function dealing with internal corporate data.
chief engineer for the development of one of Toyota's recent concept cars, complains that young people today pay more attention to cell phones than to cars.
and broadens the reader's concept of competition beyond the traditional bounds. Other abstracts look to the long-term future.
and sells microchips the abstract reframes the reader's concept of algorithms as a product.
and models and even philosophical shifts such as those currently occurring surrounding the concepts of intellectual property.
and peer-topeee file-sharing networks all contribute to an ongoing turbulent reassessment of traditional concepts of property rights.
Continuous monitoring, as a concept is not new of course thermostats use continuous monitoring to control the temperature of rooms.
which continuous-monitoring concepts can operate. An awareness of such new capabilities serves as a jumping-off point for generating ideas for new technology-based products and services.
While the rationale for innovation policy remains anchored in the Arrow concepts of market failure for many government economists,
This thinking was also the basis of the‘‘open innovation''concept in that it recognises centrally that innovation is a process of interaction between firms
An early example of this concept was the Finnish Governments knowledge cluster programme of the mid-1990s.
An extension of this concept is the lead market where there are sufficient buyers of the innovation willing to pay a premium
Concepts and Practice, Elgar, Cheltenham, 2007, pp. 170 183.3 R. Mu, Z. Ren, S. Yuan, Y. Quiao, Technology foresight towards 2020 in China:
Concepts and Practice, Elgar, Cheltenham, 2007, pp. 112 130.19 P. Crehan, J. Cassingena Harper, Foresight in smaller countries, in:
Concepts and Practice, Elgar, Cheltenham, 2007, pp. 216 236.20 A. Havas, M. Keenan, Foresight in CEE countries, in:
Concepts and Practice, Elgar, Cheltenham, 2007, pp. 287 318.21 A. Sokolov, Identification of national S&t priorities areas with respect to the promotion of innovation and economic growth:
Exclusive Intensive stakeholder engagement in core group Extensive Cooperative idea and concept creation among stakeholders from different Nordic organisations and firms;
and diverse interpretations of the concept made. Many of these are based upon the‘three-pillar'or‘triple bottom line'concept,
which separates development issues into social and economic factors, emphasising that material gains are not sufficient measures or preservers of human well-being 14.
the‘‘Technology Trajectory''concept developed by FISTERA was used by industry and academia as a‘‘thinking tool''.
In the UK, the Development, Concept and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) a Directorate General of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) conducted a foresight process that produced as a key output a report‘‘the DCDC Global Strategic Trends Programme
Coates et al. 11.8 See Miles 13 and Georghiou et al. 37 for accounts of‘‘fully fledged foresight''a concept taken up by several other authors,
systematising and/or translating formalised concepts into new frameworks, procedures, etc. Fig. 1. The knowledge cycle.
What then of concepts like‘‘knowledge transfer''?''Since knowledge is not a‘‘thing''out there,
A Fantasy of Love and Discord, Secker and Warburg, London, 1944.31 C. Warden, An application of some knowledge management concepts in foresight, Technology foresight for Organizers, 2007, Module 1:
Setting a new landscape for FTA ACTIVITIES around the concept of governance, is the aim of the paper while shedding some light on the issues
regulation and public policy 8. The shift from technocratic decision making towards more democratic processes can be captured in the concept of governance.
Governance and regulatory concepts imply a modified description of what regulation is and how it works, where the regulatory limits of state authority and the potential of society to influence
the this new approach brought the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concept onto the agenda, explaining that businesses have further responsibilities,
These dimensions are rooted ideals in the social response to the concept of sustainable development, which has been moulded throughout the last few centuries1
The concept means development that is able to meet the necessities of the present generation and does not compromise the rights,
The concept should be understood as the possibility of building a new era of economic development, enabled with policies 22 that keep
-Managers'attitudes towards CSR and related concepts. -Instrumental research attempting to either confirm or disprove the link between corporate social and environmental performance and financial performance.
) In this entire context, standardisation in regulation is one of the fundamental concepts of governance.
which brought the CSR concept higher on the agenda. Companies and other organisations create value in multiple dimensions.
The current paper aims to clarify the concepts first by suggesting definitions and discussing the distinctions between them.
The second section of the paper first clarifies the definitions of the concepts used including trends, drivers of change, wild cards/shocks
The review of the literature indicated that these concepts are considered not and compared in one single source.
The current paper brings all these concepts together, suggests definitions for them and discusses the distinctions between them.
Moreover, examples are provided to make the concepts clearer and to encourage reader to think about similar other Future-oriented examples from their own perspectives.
and also because it would distinguish the concepts from each other. Subsequently in conducting the survey it was
innovations and business-institutional strategies 6. A critical concept associated with being a driver is the level of uncertainty.
The concept of uncertainty enters again into the Foresight process when for purposes of scenario planning there is an attempt to define the key drivers
the concept of a wild card or shock is not that unfamiliar. In Foresight processes it becomes important to include some of these possibilities
by combining signal, issue and interpretation in the concept of the‘‘future sign, ''which more holistically describes how these signals relate to change.
Examples of weak signals by category A b c Society & Culture 61 Concept of rational behaviour in modernity losing value
government officials have been largely resistant to the concept and value of FTA. It does not fit easily with established public administration procedures and protocols.
and the nature of its impact, are understood well Related concept Great uncertainty Uncertainty Riska Strategies Build awareness about reasons for fundamental limits to knowledge Attempt to anticipate,
In this paper, FTA METHODS were discussed in relation to the concepts‘‘structurally open''and‘‘structurally closed''.''The key argument is closed that methods are rather usable in situations where the system under consideration can reliably be described
It is linked often to the concept of‘‘Mode 2''knowledge production (see Gibbons et al. 1994). ) The structurally open/structurally closed approach (see chapter 3) could be discussed within this context
concepts and methods'',Handbook of the Philosophy of Science, Volume 9: Philosophy of Technology and Engineering sciences, Elsevier, New york, NY, pp. 1103-45.
Originality/value Although neither complexity theory nor the concept of reframing is new in the area of foresight
''Several authors have developed concise descriptions of complex systems incorporating most of the concepts considered above. It is worth
and importance of, the concepts of optimisation and exploration (resulting from the non-equilibrium state of a complex system see section 2. 5 above) also becomes clearer.
Concepts and Practice, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, pp. 3-23. Glouberman, S. and Zimmerman, B. 2002), Complicated and Complex systems:
yet contested, concepts in futures studies as Bo rjeson et al. 2006) rightly point out. Scenarios cover a whole array of various types of scenarios.
thus increasing awareness of these concepts and related issues. This may be seen partly as a result of the scenario approach which provided concise narratives of long term futures with one robust national goal:
Our key concept is the notion of irreversibilities that emerge in the ongoing activities of researchers, institutes, policy makers and firms.
In this article they presented a proof of concept of the suspended SWNT crossbar and the architecture of the possible application.
Nanotubes used in nonvolatile memories Nantero tries to mature the technique (proof of concept) into a usable method for producing nonvolatile memories based on nanotubes.
the concept of demerging irreversibilitiest helps to locate the first signs of new socio-cognitive patterns that will constrain
a Sociology of Prospective Techno-Science, Ashgate Publishing company, London, 2000, pp. 43 64.6 M. Callon, Technological conception and adoption network:
Concepts, Spaces and Tools, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 2002, pp. 359 385. Rutger van Merkerk is currently a Phd student (Copernicus Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, University of Utrecht,
this concept has gained universal acceptance by the general public, socioeconomic agents and politicians (United nations, 1992;
1. characterise the sustainable development concept; 2. identify and assess change trends that may affect sustainable development;
1. Vertical axis. Represented the potential alternative responses by society in the future to the SD concept.
plausible representation of the alternative futures into which the SD concept may evolve by the year 2025.
Each of the following spatial scenarios represents a planning concept taken to an extreme. The final shape adopted by the localities will be a meld of several issues
so as to promote the SD concept amongst citizens, economic agents and public bodies. Whichever scenario materialises in the near future, the sustainability paradigm in Spain will be achieved,
through the FTA overarching concept and a series of sponsored biennial seminars 4, has provided a common place and platform where various communities dealing with different aspects of future envisioning (such as technology foresight,
For an overview of the origins of intelligence-led policing, together with a detailed analysis of its main concepts,
furthermore, explores the basic ontological and epistemological concepts that underlie foresight and FTA. 21. Peter De Smedt
or probable technology impacts in decisions already at an early stage is part of the basic concept of technology assessment.
One can therefore go back to conceptions and methodical approaches of technology assessment for sustainability assessments of technology 2. The requirements on sustainability assessments and their consideration in decision-making represent until now unknown degree of methodical challenges even with regard to very ambitious concepts of technology assessment,
because impact identification and assessment have to be carried out at an extremely early stage and their results are expected to find consideration in practical decisions.
and to adapt the general concept of science and technology roadmapping to include it as a precursor into the TA process for selected applications of nanotechnology.
Essential part of many roadmapping concepts is organised an and moderated process with a multidiscipplinar and cross-functional group of experts to develop
and visionary applications thought up by proponents (and sometimes propagandists) of nanotechnology, about the realism and the realisation periods of these concepts as well as about the potential of competing conventional technologies.
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1112 1121 1118 Besides this, a successful implementation of this concept could also help to overcome some of the argumentative asymmetries that can be found in many debates about chances
We propose an adaptation of the concept of science roadmapping and its application to selected segments of the overall field of nanotechnology.
He expands the understanding of environmental uncertainty by defining the concept of‘boundary uncertainty, 'which regards the identity of the components of the business (micro) environment.
< Back - Next >
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011