Energy

Energy (439)
Energy consumption (16)
Energy efficiency (13)
Energy production (13)
Energy sector (4)
Energy system (19)
New energy (9)
Sustainable energy (15)

Synopsis: Energy: Energy:

For instance, they can refer to the promotion of individual technologies (e g. an R&d programme) as well as to the structural settings of the innovation systems (e g. liberalisation of energy supply.

the first two projects designed according to an embryonic version of the AF approach were ICTRANS16 and the Nordic Hydrogen Energy Foresight. 17 Also the priority-setting approach of the EU-project FISTERA adopted elements

a project funded by the DG JRC-IPTS and conducted by the ESTO network in 2002/2003 34.17 For the Nordic Hydrogen Energy Foresight,

These projects cover a range of different application areas like production systems, transport and mobility systems, regional innovation systems, information and communication technologies and energy technologies.

Research and Energy in Swedish Politics, Akademilitteratur, Stockholm, 1984.28 K. M. Weber, Foresight and portfolio analysis as complementary elements in anticipatory policy-making, in:

Building the Nordic Research and Innovation Area in Hydrogen, Summary Report of Nordic H2 Energy Foresight project, Risoe National Laboratory, Risoe, 2005.481 E. A. Eriksson, K

Nordic and European future-oriented projects in defence, security, energy and transportation, typically with innovation and major investment decisions as important aspects.

In addition to the key papers, the technical note of Greg Tegart on Energy and nanotechnologies: Priority areas for Australia's future features an excellent case example of the importance and learning being experienced from the application of novel FTA METHODOLOGIES to explore the possibilities offered by the use of nanotechnologies to contribute to new and improved approaches to energy conversion,

storage and distribution in Australia. 1136 Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1135 1137 We conclude with the observation of Scott Cunningham

Our methodological setup is likely to be applicable in planning processes related to energy supply schools, social services, hospitals etc.

References 1 I. Dyner, E. R. Larsen, From planning to strategy in the electricity industry, Energy Policy 29 (13)( 2001) 1145 1154.2 D. Dominguez

and in the Nordic countries is carried out at VTT, namely the Nordic Energy Research Climate and Energy systems:

It will address how the conditions for production of renewable energy in the Nordic area might change due to global warming.

In the future, for instance, the need of energy and population migration may be different. Hence, it is also important that social aspects are addressed in the risk assessment procedure.

Energy supply and consumption (generation, storage, transfer etc. 11. Mobility: transport and traffic technology, mobility, logistics (land, water, air, space) 12.

or the problem of persons trying to save energy but behaving in a different way

Energy concert: the energy supply and demand are still a cacophony. As many actors are involved and many disciplines may contribute,

energy is a field that needs a symphony. On this way, even research questions have to be solved.

Energy from the environment: energy harvesting is known already, but limited. New ideas are expected that make it possible to harvest the energy from different environments

and transfer it into miniaturized machines. This is especially necessary for environments which are out of reach (implants,

build in house equipment...Human machine cooperation (firstly called human machine boundary shifts: technological innovations that are linked directly to human beings (inside and outside of the body) need new technologies on the one hand,

but also solid knowledge about thinking, feeling, communication and behaviour. The dynamic interplay at the borders of disciplines is the focus that opens up a new perspective.

for food, for energy or transport for example, or whether there would be added value in having more flexible,

such as those concerning health, energy supply and the environment. Modern societies have a strategic interest in research and technological development,

and indeed the whole structure of energy researchwas later changed. Today, total public expenditure for energy-related research and innovation has increased to approximately the same level as before,

but with tighter cooperation with the strategic research council's activitiies Other reforms are expected in coming years as a result of the Government's Strategy for Denmark in the Global economy (The Prime minister's Office 2006).

1) biotechnology and chemistry,(2) energy,(3) environment,(4) nanotechnology,(5) production and materials technology,(6) information systems,(7) simulation and, finally,(8) research consortia.

which is part of the Ministry of Economic and Businessaffairs (which also covers energy). The programme and its strategies are coordinated with general national energy polices and often also with other policy areas;

for example, the general national research strategy developed in the mid-1990s (Miljø-og Energiministeriet 1996a c). Danish energy research experienced considerable turbulence following the change in governnmen in late 2001.

Together with major changes in the Energy Authority and the ministry responsible for it, this turbulence had a major influence on the strategy activities of the Energy research programme.

another funding programme for energy research, the Public service Obligation (PSO) Energy R&d programme of the two operators of the Danish electricity grid, gained importance. 1 The PSO R&d programme

but the Ministte for Economic and Business affairs through the Energy Authority had overall political responsibility

A third funding source for energy research, a New energy and Environment Research programme, was established also in the period through the Strategic research Council, under the auspices of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.

The core group for the strategy development processes, apart from the programme-management staff in the Energy Authority, consisted of representatives from the planning and development departments of the two electricity grid operators.

primarily in individually selected priority areas within the energy field. Staff from the Strategic research Council played a passive role in the core group.

The Advisory Council for Energy Research (Det Rådgivende Energiforskningsudvalg REFU) is an advisory board for the Energy Authority and the Ministry of Economic and Business affairs.

Its members are primarily high-level representatives from industry and research. In some periood the main role of the board has been to comment on

and give suggestions about the work of the Energy Authority in the governance of energy research.

dealing more with overall and general perspectives of energy research. During the first year of the turbulent period

biomass energy, solar cells, wind energy and fuel cells. These priority areas were decided by the Danish energy authority in collaboration with their counterparts in the PSO R&d programme.

the intention of the programme managers and the core group of the strategy activities to interact with key actors in energy research.

There is a distinct energy community in Denmark, and members of the core group knew many of the actors in the area.

There was a relatively strong network, both informal and formal, between the programme management and the established industrial and research actors in the field of energy technology.

The Energy research programme refers to targets and their horizons in the Government's energy policy: 2030 and the Kyoto Protocol's timeframe of 2008 2012.

Technical research Council Energy research programme Actors involved Programme management Research council Research Agency (secretariat) Energy Authority Core group in strategy processes Research council Research Agency (secretariat+strategy

and information functions) Energy Authority System operators (PSO actors) Consultants Other actors involved in the process Scientists Communication consultants Ministry of Science

Technollog and Innovation Partly the Confederation of Danish Industries Advisory Council for Energy Research Energy production companies Energy-technology companies Scientists Interest groupings/NGOS Target groups

Upward Government minister, parliamentary politicians Downward Programme Management system operators (PSO actors) Energy production companies Energy-technology companies Scientists Approaches Key scope Science

Actor dialogues, partnershhip consensus seeking Advisory Council for Energy Research Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight

and future energy technologies. He has headed and participated in numerous national and international studies. Mads Borup is a senior scientist at the Innovation systems

His areas of work are systems of innovation and governance of research and innovation in the fields of eco-innovation and energy innovation.

the case of renewable energy technology in Sweden. In Technology and the market: demand, users and innovation, eds.

Expert groups as production units for shared knowledge in energy foresight. Foresight (Emerald) 9, no. 1: 37 49.

uses and sources of energy Sustainable agro-systems management Spatial and urban development Identities, diversity and integration Identities, diversity and integration Labour market, educational requirements

He studied economics and has been doing research and foresight projects in the area of research, technoloog and innovation policy, in particular related to regional and technological innovation systems such as transport and energy.

transnational and organisational issues. 2 Public sector institutions within health services, energy, transport or local government, acknowledge the increasing demand for democratic dialogue about the future with affected parties and interest groups.

Now the analyst devotes energies to refining results, presenting them effectively, and interpreting them. For instance, suppose we have a certain Sshaape growth model that we find highly informative for a particular family of technology forecasts.

(0)< 0. 25 12 (50) THERMAL-EXPANSION methanol ceramics Thermal energy storage composite materials molten carbonate fuel cells nanost ructured materials METHANOL

Thermal energy storage Map: impedance spectroscopy 05050505 Hot stuff? Nano-surfaces & rare-earth materials*Activity--%during the last 3 years:

chemisorption, free energy, isotope effects, glass-ceramics, surface segregation & diffusion*Patenting: Siemens-Westinghouse, Allied-Signal, NGK Insulators Fig. 1. Technology ddone-Pagerq.

FC Allen Gngineering FC Current Collector Mitsubishi SOFC Ceramic Fuel cells FC Interconnect Korea Inst of Energy Research SOFC Interconnect Gas Research institute SOFC Intreconnect

It generates pie charts showing how much each focuses on SOFCS out of its energy research.!10:20 am:

1) Learning and learning society (2) Services and service innovations (3) Well-being and health (4) Environment and energy (5) Infrastructures and security (6) Bio-expertise

for example, advances in relation to forest-related industries were discussed in panels on Environment and energy, Bio-expertise and bio-society, Materials,

and substance abuse research Home care and telecare technologies 4. Environment and energy Operation of ecosystems Water systems and water cleaning technologies Smart sensors and new energy conversion and storage

By June 2009, six strategic centres have started their operations (i e. energy and environment; metal products and mechanical engineering;

idnews Letter=117&idsommaire=3, http://www. energy-enviro. eu/index. php? PAGE=394&node id=394&lang=1 and http://www. risoe. dk/rispubl/art/2007 203 paper. pdf 9. The respondents included 57 out of the 120 panellists.

, Ann arbor, 1994.31 S. Jacobsson, A. Johnson, The diffusion of renewable energy technology: an analytical framework and key issues for research, Energy Policy 28 (9)( 2000) 625 640.32 A. Salo, T. Gustafsson, R. Ramanathan, Multicriteria methods for Technology foresight, Journal

of Forecasting 22 (2 3)( 2003) 235 255.33 M. Keenan, Identifying emerging generic technologies at the national level:

evolutionary theory, network analysis and postsocialism, Regional Studies 31 (5)( 1997) 533 544.36 G. C. Unruh, Understanding carbon lock in, Energy Policy 28 (12)( 2000

At one level this shows a successful transition away from large emphases on energy in FP1 and ICT in FP2. 3 However

FP1 Socioeconomic Improving human potential Innovation/dissemination International cooperation Energy Environment Competitive and sustainable growth Information society Quality of life Fig. 2. Evolution of framework programme priorities

. 3 There is a certain irony that after 2 decades energy has returned as a key priority

Nordic H2 Energy Foresightc 18 Informative Awareness raising and deepening the overall understanding of the entire value chain (hydrogen production, storage, distribution,

Results were discussed with both DG Information society and DG Transport and Energy of the European commission. Diverse Description of a large degree of uncertainty of impact of ICTS on the environment.

and security directly, including‘‘Advancing the E2 (Environment and Energy) Frontier''and the‘‘Improving National Safety and Prestige''.

In the Nordic H2 Energy Foresight the major challenge was to create shared understandings on future hydrogen-based energy systems between different stakeholder groups representing five different countries.

In the Nordic H2 Energy Foresight specific efforts were made to engage policy-makers but with limited immediate success. This may be partly due to the initial positioning of the projects as informative rather than instrumental,

Outputs were discussed with both DG Information society and DG Transport and Energy of the European commission. Findings were used also in subsequent JRC-IPTS projects 25.

http://www. vtt. fi/inf/pdf/publications/2007/P653. pdf (2009-11-10). 18 Nordic H2 Energy Foresight for the Nordic Council

or the location of renewable energy projects such as windfarms and biofuel plants). We may anticipate that developments in S&t that profoundly affect our understanding of

When the FTA PROCESS involves a wide range of key actors in the case of the Nordic H2 energy foresight coming from several countries there are special challenges confronted in shared knowledge creation (even in agreeing upon which of Bell's‘‘posits''to explore

In the Nordic H2 energy foresight, the appropriation of the knowledge from the foresight process into various stakeholder organisations was seen as being accomplished through such activities as pilot projects

Eerola's account of the various steps and procedures of the Nordic H2 energy foresight are located in terms of the SECI model in Fig. 2

strategic environmental impact analysis (SEIA) andconstructive TAWHILE otherprocesses include energy analysis (firstdevelopedbysoddy) andlife cycle analysis (LCA).

For this purpose, looking at the survey results we suggested a STEEP (Social-Cultural, Science & Technology, Energy, Ecology and Economy,

Increasing push for greater efficiency and decarbonisation of the energy system because of the environmental and energy security concerns;

global warming, resources depletion Collapse of the Gulf stream Cold fusion energy Source: Steinmueller 13.2.4. Discontinuities Discontinuities refer to rapid and significant shifts in trajectories without the aspect of being unanticipated mostly or deeply surprising.

, Moral & Legal Issues 2. Science & Technology Science Culture & Discoveries Technology Progress Innovative, Transformative Applications & Products 3. Energy Current Energy Use

, Peak Oil, Efficiency & Security New and Renewable Sources Non Renewable Energy Alternatives (e g. H2, nukes) 4. Ecology-Economy State of Global Finance

involving disruptions and shifts to new premises for societal management, e g. energy alternatives, resource shortages,

and home-based healthcare increase Science & Tech. 77 More multi-disciplinary and e-science GM disease resistant plants and microbes for energy Automatisation and robotics growth

Increased surveillance smart security, disruptive surveillance technology big business Energy 42 Peak oil Growth of renewable energy:

solar wind, thermal, bio, ocean Progress in nuclear and solar energy is not constraining development Decentralised power generation Changing energy source and supply reconfiguring world power division Diversification and fragmentation

of energy sources (hydrogen, fuel cells and nuclear) Shift in travel patterns due to energy prices and ICT alternatives Solar energy meets grid parity Ecology Economy 82 Increased frequency of economic crises

Increased tensions for R&d ownership Solid waste limits industrial activities and life in urban centres Capital shift from‘‘W to E''to‘‘E to W''Continued rise of Asia as economic,

Energy; Ecology and Economy; and Geopolitics and Security (STEEP. Furthermore, high impact assessment is more prevalent among the more highly experienced respondents(>10 years.

and possible migration of energy sourcing to more efficient and sustainable modes may be available sooner than thought.

including R&d and energy choices we may be able to affect through our society or nation.

Energy 17 Rising cost and crises in oil production Bio-fuel generation Spread of nuclear energy production toward developing countries Lack of energy sources Innovation for new energy sources

and response of the US toward China's growth Kyoto protocol full implementation Political resistance to economic globalization and deregulation Rising economies demand for energy, electricity drives modernisation

and people well being Human animal communication Energy 12 New transportation based on new types of flying cars on hydrogen change all traffic patterns Nano thin film solar breakthroughs

allow energy production from all surfaces fading the sun Successful nuclear fusion shifts energy to electricity and hydrogen Regression in the development because of mismanagement of energy sources Hydrogen from LG means pervasive bio-hydrogen production possible Peak oil and climate shifts decisively confirmed meaning to rapid

shift to alternatives Ecology Economy 32 Global trade conflicts intensify between developed and developing countries Civil war in China Unexpected freeze of northern hemisphere pushes population to immigrate south G8

Distribution toward S&t and energy is different from previous categories; Good range of trigger events and situations;

Energy, resource and environmental breakthroughs are included which provide a positive outlook as well as more familiar negative discontinuities;

Energy 13 Energy availability increases plentiful oil and other alternatives Rapid advances in concentrated solar energy Technical breakthrough in electric energy storage Sudden stop

of research into renewable and alternative energy sources New cost-effective sources of renewable energy identified Breakthrough in hydrogen production methods require infrastructure requirements Massive failure of airlines

because of oil price increase causes travel decline Nano-facilitated energy conversion alters energy economic mix Ecology Economy 7 Western world becomes a national/corporate welfare state BRICS rapidly overtake western economy

Runaway global warming Increase of poverty China leads world in green and renewable energies Accelerated arctic ice shelf melting push international climate treaties Rising

and moon Rights to robots Energy 9 Russia turns off gas oil for political purposes Solar energy price descants Shift to hydrogen energy Wrong prediction of oil prices by IEA Ecology

Economy 27 Widening the rift between rich and poor More rights of China Induced migration due to inundation and climate change Price hikes in energy,

The presentations comprised themes surrounding creative futures, energy, governance, health, horizon scanning, innovation and sustainability, law, mobility, nanotechnology, and others.

Swiss Expert for the International Energy Agency (IEA) Demand-Side Management (DSM) Task XXIV on Behaviour Change,

and Swiss Management Committee member for the COST Action TU1104 on Smart Energy Regions. Furthermore, he contributes to knowledge transfer from research into teaching.

In 2008-2009 The Finnish Prime minister's Office coordinated the construction of the government foresight report on climate and energy policy (Prime minister's Office, 2009.

Before and partly simultaneously while preparing the government foresight report on climate and energy policy, the government also decided on a long-term climate

and energy strategy for Finland 1. The time horizon in the climate and energy strategy was 2020,

and Energy Strategy and were based on previous research. The assumptions can be understood as best guesses of the operational environment of the coming decades

and the cost of utilising renewable energy sources will decline. B Finns'values towards measures for environmental conservation will change to a favourable direction

the need for heating energy will diminish and the agricultural growing period will become longer.

The team consisted of more than 140 people who represented a broad spectrum of expertise relevant to climate and energy issues.

The project team from FFRC consisted of five researchers, with experience both in methodologies applied in the exercise and in climate and energy issues.

which climate and energy policy should focus Futures workshop October 2008 Futures workshop, ACTVOD futures process Building alternative scenarios that all fulfil the two-degree target 2nd Delphi round November 2008 Delphi:

energy and transport scenarios (see, e g. Bo rjeson et al. 2006. First round of Delphi questionnaire The process was kicked off with the first round of a Delphi questionnaire.

Most important questions dealt with the estimations on the importance and possibilities of the most vital energy consuming sectors (transport,

NGOS, energy business and researchers of various fields, as well as representatives from various business areas. The results of the first questionnaire were sent in advance to those who had confirmed their participation to the workshop.

Hence the most important information needs concerned possible development paths in key energy consuming sectors (transport, housing and industry), the additional questions concentrated on these issues.

and energy use of industry, heating of buildings and transport. These three sectors constitute the majority of the energy use in Finland:

industry (50 per cent), heating of buildings (21 per cent), transport (17 per cent) and miscellaneous uses (13 per cent)( Statistics Finland, 2009.

The areas that will face the biggest pressure to change are energy intensive industry, polluting energy industry (especially peat energy), transport and logistics, construction, meat production and travelling.

As for the public's approval for the actions needed to prevent the unwanted effects of climate change

one family houses being viewed as the best possible means of residing, acclimatisation to inexpensive energy and huge sunk investments in the existing energy infrastructure.

relying on heavy industry Economic growth Stable growth Stable growth Slow growth Stable growth Basis of economic structure (industry) Energy scarce service sector,

high-tech products and high skill-level services most important sources of income, no energy intensive industry Demand and supply of small-scale local products and‘‘at home''services has increased significantly.

some export of these goods (and jobs in these industries) still exist Strong agriculture-and forest industry with many innovative high-value products (not just grain and paper) Both knowledge-and resource as well as energy

all new buildings are plus-energy buildings Tight energy norms. Wood used extensively in building.

Versatile communal spaces (baths, recreation spaces) in buildings make apartment buildings a real option for detached houses Tight energy norms.

All suitable buildings produce energy (solar, geothermal, biomass, wind. Gardens and greenhouses in residential areas Some development in energy norms.

Average living space and total area of heated buildings has increased significantly. People commonly own more than one property (typically a city apartment or a town house and a holiday residence or cottage in the countryside) Transport Hugely increased telework,

Transportation and buildings require significantly less energy than in 2008 Decreased by 1/3 from 2008 level.

New houses and buildings in rural areas either passive or plus-energy houses and/or relying on renewables At the 2008 level

or slightly higher Energy production All energy produced with renewable sources 50 per cent renewable, 50 per cent nuclear energy (use of nuclear power has increased slightly from 2008) 75 per cent renewable,

energy use of some industrial processes, are made according to what we know to be possible today and in the near future.

External and internal evaluations The Government Foresight report on Long-term Climate and Energy Policy was completed and approved in the government and by Parliament in October 2009.

In the evaluation of government foresight report by Wilenius (2011), attention was drawn to the fact that the government foresight report could have dug deeper into the economic implications of climate and energy policy

and Energy for the next government was proposed also. Concerning the application of foresight methodologies used in this kind of work

Prime minister's Office (2009), Government Foresight report on Long-term Climate and Energy Policy: Towards a Low-carbon Finland, Prime minister's Office Publication 30/2009, available at:

Robinson, J. 1982),‘Energy backcasting: a proposed method of policy analysis'',Energy Policy, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 337-44.

Robinson, J. 1990),‘Futures under glass: a recipe for people who hate to predict'',Futures, Vol. 22 No. 8, pp. 820-42.

Assessment of the Foresight report on Long-term Climate and Energy Policy'',Prime minister's Office, Helsinki, Prime minister's Office Publications 3/2011, available at:

Her expertise is concerned with futures research, sustainable development, technology foresight, energy and environment, and the future of communities.

His main research interests are in environment, energy and security issues. VOL. 14 NO. 4 2012 jforesight jpage 315 To purchase reprints of this article please e-mail:

pharmaceuticals, electronic devices, material production, energy technologies, etc. Concluding, the expectations on the societal level show a contradiction in the sense that on the one hand nanotubes are used without regulation

The predominant philosophy of the‘‘green paradigm''scenario will be to thrive in economic and social terms with lower consumption of energy, water and natural resources.

In the‘‘back to basics''scenario, sustainable development will be imperative due to the lack of energy resources and low economic activity.

B Modify mobility patterns by incorporating technological and energy innovations. B Modernize public administration so that it can implement an advanced, transparent governance model.

B Foster a dynamic economic system with energy renewable sources. B Channel the growing demand for mobility by people and goods through the construction of new environment-friendly transport infrastructure.

energy technologies or information and communication up to biotechnologies without their interdependence being always obvious at first glance.

It is expected also that nanomaterials may contribute to the reduction of the ecological footprint of classical production processes by reducing energy and material consumption.

this motion pulls the upper plate down until the stress builds up enough to cause a seismic event releasing a large amount of energy.

rupture, releasing enormous amounts of energy and the consequent tsunami. The precautionary principle might have questioned the assumption that a Richter scale 9 event might occur (a low probability event)

He has wide experience in the management of corporate developmment energy matters and of corporate venturing to create new high technology businesses,

The diffusion of renewable energy technology: An analytical framework and key issues for research. Energy Policy 28, no. 9: 625 40.

Kappel, T. A.,2001. Perspectives on roadmaps: How organizations talk about the future. Journal of Product innovation Management 18, no. 1: 39 50.

Energy Policy 28, no. 12: 817 30. Van der Duin, P. 2006. Qualitative futures research for innovation.

On the one hand, scholars have shown that in the last two decades a significant number of leading firms of such diverse sectoor as energy, automotive, telecommunications,

steep rises in energy costs, growing ecological concerns, and stricter environmental rules, while, at the same time, the rapid development of ICT tools made the market far more transparent and increased the pressure to optimise commodity production.

which operates in a wide range of different businesses (e g. automation, building, energy, health, and mobility).

use of renewable energy sources and fewer natural resources-Processes/activities/values aligned across the net;

Living systems share matter, information and energy with their external environments: there is simultaneous autonomy and interdependence.

energy matters and corporate venturing to create new high-technology businesses, large and small, relating to long-term directions of change in the business environment.

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