| Creative industry (6) |  |
| Industry (812) | |
| Creative industry (6) | |
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One of the industrial participants spelt out very explicitly that by participating in the process his firm became aware of a mis-perception of the future potentials of the technological trajectory they had pursued so far
but in particular also decisionmakker from research, industry, policy-making and society, a shared understanding of current problems, goals and development options is expected to emerge among those actors that have an important role to play in shaping the future.
or the project leader of the Swedish national technology foresight (a consortium consisting of several governmental, industry and labour organisations),
in view of expected S&t developments, industrial needs and societal demands. The resulting information helps funding organizations in the formulation of their own research agendas,
and industrial needs and societal demands, on the other hand. These issues were elaborated from national and European perspectives,
and Industrial leaders to participate in the different phases of the process. Project Team consisted of the Coordinator and Secretary of Woodwisdom-Net,
Furthermore, the process engaged an extensive set of RTD stakeholders from eight countries, most notably Researchers and Industrial leaders:
Industrial leaders consisted of R&d and business managers in the forestry-related industry. They assessed the proposed research issueswith regard to their industrial relevance and suitability forww-Net.
Furthermore from each participating country, prominent Researchers and Industrial leaders were invited to three interactive workshops to discuss
and synthesize results to support the work of funding organizations in the formulation of calls for proposals. 3. 2. 2. Phases of the consultation process The process design relied on earlier experiences form cyclic foresight processes 3, 17.
These issues were assessed by Researchers and Industrial Table 1 Phases of the Woodwisdom-Net consultation process Task Participants Schedule 1. Solicitation of research issues Researchers Mid-july Mid-october‘05
2. Assessment of research issues Researchers December‘05 Mid-january‘06 3. Assessment of research issues Industrial leaders Three last weeks of January‘06 4. Initial
screening of research issues Project team January February‘06 5. Three one-day workshops for Researchers and Industrial leaders 10 12 Researchers and Industrial leaders
moreover, to describe how they would like to contribute to a possible project later on. 3. 2. 2. 3. Assessment of research issues from the industrial perspective.
In the third phase, National Coordinators invited Industrial leaders to assess the submitted research issues. Industrial leaders were asked first to choose which sub-areas they were interested in,
whereafter they could assess the issues they deemed interesting. The questionnaire was open in January 2006.
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 483 495 Industrial leaders evaluated issues, and a total of some 50 Industrial leaders participated the assessment phase.
The Industrial leaders assessed the issues with regard to Industrial relevance and Suitability for WWNNE using a seven-point Likert-scale.
The purpose of the first criterion was to measure how relevant the research issue would to industrial uses,
while the second criterion sought to capture the extent to which the issue was seen to call for RTD cooperation at the European level. 3. 2. 2. 4. Initial screening of research issues.
Novelty, Industrial relevance and Suitability for WW-Net) were identified with RPM Screening, which is a variant of the Robust Portfolio Modeling (RPM) methodology for the analysis of innovation ideas and innovative concepts 9, 10,18, 19.
, international collaboration) was more important than Industrial relevance, which in turn was deemed more important that Novelty.
weight (Suitability for WW-Net) N weight (Industrial relevance) N weight (Novelty. Furthermore, the usual normalization requirement was imposed on the criterion weights (i e.,
and the workshop participants were welcome to highlight any other issues that they regarded interesting on any other grounds. 3. 2. 2. 5. Workshops for researchers and industrial leaders.
In each country, thenational Coordinators identified one representative from wood-material-based industry and one member of the research community and invited these to the workshops.
, industrial firms. Taken together, these features of structured consultation contribute to a closer alignment between the priorities (as conveyed by calls for proposals) and the interests and competencies of the RTD community.
reflections from the Finnish food and drink industry, Int. J. Foresight Innov. Policy 1 (1)( 2004) 70 88.18 J.,Liesiö, P.,Mild, A.,Salo, Robust Portfolio Modeling with incomplete cost information and project interdependencies, Eur.
as well as various projects for industrial firms, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Committee for the Future of the Parliament.
Although standardisation processes are driven by industry, standards are now becoming an even more important element of the regulatory infrastructure.
Since standardisation is a kind of industry self regulation, it may be substitutive to, complementary to, or even part of the regulatory framework.
or by industrial classifications 22 allows us to define the most dynamic fields both worldwide and at the national level.
In a survey conducted in 1998 among companies of 12 manufacturing sectors in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, 2 Nevertheless,
informal industry and formal standards. Based on these assessments, it was also possible to identify whether a sector suffers under the burden of too many standards
management (orders, design, manufacturing, operations, and maintenance) uniformly among related companies. 2009 3. 33 3. 14 2. 39 2. 29 3. 54 Development of a super high-speed computer communication protocol capable
e g. by industry respondents trying to avoid or influence future regulations. 4. Comparison and assessment of methodologies Although we cannot refer to a broad sample of regulatory foresights,
Department of Trade and Industry (ed.),London, pp. 76 120,2005. 19 G. Fahrenkrog, W. Polt, J. Rojo, A. Tübke, K. Zinöcker, RTD Evaluation Toolbox Assessing the Socioeconomic Impact of RTD-Policies, Seville:
, 2004.22 U. Schmoch, F. Laville, P. Patel, R. Frietsch, Linking Technology areas to Industrial Sectors, Final Report to the European commission, DG Research, Karlsruhe, 2003.23 K. Blind,
Evidence from G-7 Countries, Industry Canada, Ottawa, 2004.28 A. Bassanini, E. Ernst: Labour Market Institutions, Product Market Regulation, and Innovation:
Our tool can be applied in strategic management of research andr&dat the level of science-to-industry networks.
and b. the enabling of interactions between industry in creating and sustaining an innovation chain. These aims pose tremendous managerial challenges:
Noes have to combine‘vertical'or bottom-up management of a portfolio of research projects with‘horizontal'stimulation of science-to-industry innovation chains.
The Technology assessment Programme is part of the Science to Industry work package and the Ethical and Societal Aspect package,
At both intra-organizational (department-level) and inter-organizational levels in technology and industry, roadmapping has become a fashionable alignment tool.
In addition over the 15 years of research and development into lab-on-a-chip devices, larger industry has been reluctant to invest in stimulating
or industry structures (such as the energy sector) or strategic games (as with Moore's Law for semiconductors).
Van den Belt and Rip 36 extended the Nelson Winter Dosi models for the late 19th synthetic dye industry,
Who will be the key actors in stimulating the innovation chain (noting the reluctance of larger industry to stimulate innovation chains)
MPM-1) the technical dimension of the MPM was based on desk research as a map to be used for the Frontiers network to aid strategy articulation in research and science-to-industry linkages,
Large industry will be unwilling to invest in such niche markets (such is the case in pharmaceutical industry.
Change 71 (2004) 5 26.17 D. Probert, M. Radnor, Frontier experiences from industry academia consortia, Res.
A case study. The emerging microsystems and top-down nanosystems industry, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 71 (1 2)( 2004) 161 185.23 G. Spinardi, R. Williams, The Governance Challenges of Breakthrough Science and Technology, in:
and complexity of the ways information and knowledge is mediated, especially through developments in information and communication technologies, the increasing importance of knowledge-based industries and the service sector,
The alignment of actors goes beyond the usual actors in previous times (i e. government, industry and scientists.
and in industry and influenced the shape and course of government policy. Moreover, the strength of a foresight culture and capability was increased further
It was a technology foresight exercise explicitly aimed at the industry and education ministries and their agencies.
The involvement of industrial organisations as sponsors was perceived by ministry people as an indication that the exercise was no more than a lobbying device.
These findings are mainly based on studies in industry and the private sector in general. Another perspective, coming from public administration 27, notes that low dependencies and common goal-setting are two major factors facilitating the networking of public administration institutions.
Effie Amanatidou holds an MSC in Technical change & Industrial Strategy from PREST/Manchester Institute of Innovation research University of Manchester (UK) and a Bachelor's degree in Mathematics (Greece.
and led the EGIST (Evaluation of Government and Industry Strategies for Technology) group; and Technopolis Ltd, an innovation policy consultancy which he founded in 1989 and which,
and especially its emphasis on the importance of academia industry co-operation 16,17). The remaiinde is organised as follows.
strong academia industry co-operation, mutually beneficial, intense links among large firms and SMES in a large number of regions (gradually increasing over time) Intense communication among businesses, academia,
strong academia industry co-operation, mutually beneficial, intense links among large firms and SMES both inside and across flourishing regions Coordinated, joint efforts supported by EU funds
from National systems and‘Mode 2'to a Triple Helix of university industry government relations, Res.
of Education and Research, Bonn, 2005.42 G. Dosi, P. Llerena, M. Sylos Labini, The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation:
The consequences of assortative and disassortative architectural networks may be very different across firms and industries.
The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies, SAGE, London, 1994.13 B. Harrison, Industrial districts:
Tech mining to accelerate radical innovation, PICMET 2007 Proceedings, 2007.19 Y. Yasunaga, M. Watanabe, M. Korenaga, Outline of the strategic technology roadmap of METI (Ministry of Trade and Industry
human wellbeing and locational advantage for industry and citizens of a specific region. Therefore infrastructure planning has to incorporate an explicit political dimension as well as a wide range of actors with diverging interest positions.
citizens and industry are affected fundamentally by their proper functioning. When evaluating system alternatives a wide set of potential impacts has to be considered
or industry representatives define their assumed preferences and rank each option on an ordinal scale ranging from well suited to not desirable.
i) After the closure of an industrial butchery, it had become necessary to shrink one of the plants to half its capacity.
The sanitation system was constructed in a way to accommodate the needs of two heavy polluting industries. In addition to technical and organizational aspects, the core team surveyed the actors in the regional sanitation landscape to select participants for the stakeholder workshops.
representatives of wastewater treatment organizations, citizens and politicians of specific communities, industry representatives (especially heavy polluters and industry lobbyists), regional planners,
II) The powerful region scenario with effective regional collaboration and secure employment in industry and farming.
In this scenario there is only little migration within a strong middleclass segment and local industry and farmers.
III) The top/flop scenario describes a downturn of industrial activity in the region. Inhabitants of peripheral areas leave the region
ii) In the second workshop, participants carried out the same assessments by taking the perspective of typical future citizens or industry representatives.
In contrast, the industry's stakeholders favor besides low tariffs, additionally low levels of bureaucracy as well as voice and participation in the associations decision board. 4. 4. Exploring the trade-off landscape The virtual future stakeholder groups
In contrast, industry stakeholders did not favor this option, mainly because they would have to treat their wastewater onsite
The merger option was favored strongly by industry and in two scenarios also by the citizens.
References 1 I. Dyner, E. R. Larsen, From planning to strategy in the electricity industry, Energy Policy 29 (13)( 2001) 1145 1154.2 D. Dominguez
Greening as strategic development in industrial change why companies participate in eco-networks, Geoforum 39 (1)( 2008) 32 47.63 J. Gausemeier,
Foresight methodology Technology assessment Technology analysis Risk assessment Risk analysis Roadmapping 1. Introduction The practices in foresight, technology assessment and industrial risk assessment processes are in many ways parallel.
For instance, risk assessment in the context of industrial process safety aims to predict the risk caused by a failure, deviation,
malfunction or error in an industrial system or operation leading to unwanted consequences. The time horizon considered typically is a couple of years maximum
On the other hand, the development of foresight and technology assessment methodologies is expected to benefit from the experiences of the industrial risk assessment tradition:
development of proactive risk assessment methodologies for different corporate risk management purposes (identiffyin the vulnerability of corporate and process actions, managing the risks in occupational, industrial and environmental safety, managing business risks, etc.),
In this way TA can also play a more significant role in pushing the development in a useful or wanted direction. 2. 2 Risk assessment methodologies in industrial safety As noted in the previous Section 2. 1,
Risk assessment and risk management concepts can refer e g. to risk assessment related to health risk, toxicology, ecology, food safety or industrial use 12,
but also economical analysis. This section describes the methodological developments of risk assessment in the context of industrial safety,
Development of safety and risk analysis in the industrial context stems from nuclear industry, civil and military aviation,
Process industrial operations also became more complex and larger volumes of chemicals were used at higher pressures than previously.
there was a growing public awareness and concern regarding the threat to people and to the environment due to industrial activities.
Various major accidents in the process industry in the 1970s (e g. Flixborough, 1974; Seveso, 1976;
and manage risks in a complex context was rapidly showing its success. The number of industrial accidents
Currently, different safety management standards guide the implementation of industrial safety at the plant level, e g.
In addition, various risk analysis methods exist for different purposes in the process industry 21,22. Tixier et al. 23, for instance, reported about 62 risk analysis methodologies.
and as such, fully quantitative risk estimations are performed not normally in industry. Instead, semiquantiitativ procedures are applied typically.
which the participants are selected based on their relevant knowledge and experience of the industrial process. The pertinent literature and other kinds of external expert knowledge are consulted also as deemed necessary Traditionally,
Approaches like inherent safety 26 in process design as well as resilience engineering 27 in process operating address the complex nature of industrial process.
Resilience engineering tries to strengthen the intrinsic safety potential in complex systems in industrial safety. This approach has raised recently interest in the risk management field.
/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1163 1176 the resilient ecosystem dynamics, the resilience engineering stands for an industrial process
just as errors are a part of industrial processes. A sure system tolerates errors or failures and protects itself against the consequences of such events 39.
errors and failures are normal in industrial processes and the process management just has to cope with them.
or near miss situations in industrial safety. One core idea in risk management is to find out early warning signals
but the scope might still be vaguer than in risk assessment processes in industrial applications. IRRIIS and CES especially reveal the gap between the future-oriented analysis and the technological system stressed risk assessment processes.
Risk assessment (focus on the context of industrial safety) Future-oriented technology analysis Aim To identify and assess risks now and in the future.
The risk is caused by a failure, deviation, malfunction or error in an industrial system or operation.
expert workshops and interviews Development and future expectations of the approach New approaches like inherent safety and resilience engineering address the complex nature of industrial processes.
Industries Hazard Identification, Assessment and Control, vol. 1, 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1996,357 pp. 15 E. Homberger, G. Reggiani, J
, D. Gaston, Review of 62 risk analysis methodologies of industrial plants, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, vol. 15, Elsevier Science Ltd.
The theoretical framework of the barometer is based on the evolution of economies from industrial development phase to sustainable knowledge society.
Although Finnish policy-makers, industrial community, scientists and citizens have followed international comparisons and related discussion with great interest,
as well as a future-oriented survey exploring future visions of relevant national actors like industries, policy-makers and politicians, research community and future generations,
industrial and business barometers in its attempt to grasp future developments. The purpose of a technology barometer is to give data of how favorable and competitive the Finnish innovation environment is assessed to be now and in the future.
and dynamics into the analysis. The framework enables the structural comparisons of entire economies, their individual industrial sectors, related R&d and innovation intensities,
Instrument for Measuring Citizens'Attitudes and the Nation's Orientation towards a Knowledge-based Society, The Finnish association of graduate engineers TEK, Painotalo Miktor, Helsinki, 2007.8 D. Bell, The Coming Post-Industrial Society:
A Venture in Social Forecasting, Basic books, New york, 1976.9 Y. Masuda, The Information society as the Post-Industrial Society, Institute for the Information society, Tokyo, 1980.10 T. Sakaiya, The Knowledge Value
b German Federal Ministry for Research and Education, BMBF, Germany c Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Germany d Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research, Germany
was conducted by a consortium comprising the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research (Fraunhofer ISI) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering (Fraunhofer IAO).
1. Life sciences and biotechnology 2. Information and communication technology 3. Materials and their production processes 4. Nanotechnology 5. Optics/photonics/optoelectronics 6. Industrial production processes
However, this is far from straightforward as foresight outcomes tend to challenge established configurations by pointing to long-term issues that reach across boundaries of scientific disciplines, industrial sectors and departments in industry, research institutes
Expert means a person knowledgeable about the topic, it can be someone from industry, policy-making itself, academia or the civil society in general.
Walter Ganz is director and member of the Leading Circle of the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering (IAO) in Stuttgart, Germany.
There are also data available on the types of businesses that use scenarios most often large firms in capital-intensive industries with long (greater than 10 years) planning horizons.
the authors examine two UK industries, water supply and IT consulting, and find that scenario use correlates with increased profit and return on capital 28.
theatre and film makers The media including broadcasting (radio and television) and the press in all its forms Industry organisations (e g.
The EUFORIA Project synthesis report, Report to the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living Conditions, Working Conditions and Industrial Relations, October, 2003.2 K. Cuhls, Government foresight activities
The Technology assessment Programme was part of the Science to Industry work package and the Ethical and Societal Aspect package,
The arrangements of the industrial sector could also enable and constrain certain technology options. Of course the technology options themselves may shape the landscapes that they encounter could initiate a change in industrial sectors, in regulation etc.
Nanotechnology, even at this nascent stage, is stimulating a lot of speculation on shifts in these landscapes leading to a desire to explore the potential mutual co-evolution of nanotechnologies
and the various environments (industrial, market, society, regulation, research, etc.).5 To this end it was necessary to create a scenario method
and industry standards are some examples. Emerging irreversibilities are a general feature of social life and the sociological concept of institutionalization captures a large part of what happens.
Actors such as governmental agencies, industry and NGOS were held increasingly accountable for addressing societal concerns, feeling pressures to incorporate ELSA and HES into their ongoing activities (similarly with corporate social responsibility).
and workshops on the nano governance issue. 9 For example the nanoelectronics industry coordination efforts described in 34 which would lie in the coordinating bodies box of the IC+diagram.
We can see the importance of new actors in the shaping of emerging governance patterns and industry structure, of NGOS such as the ETC-Group,
Production, storage and distribution in both the manufacture of nanoparticle based therapeutics and use in the clinics is an ongoing concern,
and improve manufacture. The lack of standards helps this growth and large investments are made leading to positive gains.
The daylong workshop was comprised of a number nanotechnology researchers, a ministry of health representative, a large chemical company, a trade union representative, a nanotechnology industry association,
Industrial consortia and research networks develop agreed best practices, which are self-imposed and a number of codes emerge
and improve manufacture. The lack of standards helps this flourish and large investments are made leading to positive gains A governance option of no standards:
Government official Nanotechnology promises to revolutionise all industry sectors, paper production could seriously be enhanced through nanotechnology and as a small country,
5. 1. 2009 2010 nano development boom The self-imposed standards for manufacture work as a minimum safety requirement,
This is in part due to the governance arrangements being centred firmly on industry consortia Tension: Del Stark (ENTA) in a meeting in Brussels 37 pointed out that trade secrets in manufacturing would be a problem for voluntary reporting of use
and processing of nanomaterials. He suggested that an industry association (such as his own) could play that role..
Emergence of platform technologies with applications in multiple sectors and comprising of ever increasing complexity of functional nano-elements (multifunctional tailored nanoparticles, highly integrated Lab on a chip, Moore than More integrating of semiconductors
This element of the narrative was inspired by NIOSH 2004 which raised concerns around the manufacturing of nanoparticles.
This example is linked to a presentation given by manufacturing firm in the London meeting November 2007 on Nanomedicine.
multilevel scenarios for evolving industrial sectors16, 17, and actor-centric scenarios revealing the visions carried by various actors 34.
(and used) for transition policy. 4 15 Used for open-ended roadmapping by technology developers at early stages of development 6. 16 Used for exploring industrial/sectorial alignment/misalignments. 17 See Haico
and creation with a focus on innovative design in high technology industries. Alongside this, he is also a part-time Technical Analyst at the Institute of Nanotechnology (UK) focusing on nanotechnologies in the agrifood sector. 1239 D. K. R. Robinson/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1222-1239
relations to emerging societal and industrial needs, with illustrations of future possibilities by way of concrete manifestations (such as innovations).
a significant difference between today's knowledge-based economies and the industrial economies of 30 or 50 years ago is that technological development has become crucial for economic development
In some cases only industry representatives are included in the process but usually foresight involves a cross-societal discussion of needs, possibilities and priority-setting.
and industrial development, ending up in new products introduced on to the market. As a consequence of this, there is often focus on the opinions of so-called‘elite'scientists and industrialists,
Interviewees were typically central council members, civil servants from relevant governmental entities, process and other external consultannts industry representatives and representatives of non-governmental organisations (NGOS;
The authors came primarily from public research institutiions and also from industry. They were hand-picked by the council as experienced, visionary researchers,
but quite a few also included thoughts on education and on the potential industrial and societal Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight and strategy in national research councils and research programmes 925 impacts of the suggested research.
brief passages of text and boxes containing short examples of the use of science and technology research and quotes from well-known and highleeve industry representatives.
Its members are primarily high-level representatives from industry and research. In some periood the main role of the board has been to comment on
with membeer from industry and research institutions. The committees played an essential role in the programme and provided input and background papers to strategy developments (IEA 1999).
There was a relatively strong network, both informal and formal, between the programme management and the established industrial and research actors in the field of energy technology.
Demands for research were incorporated into strategy planning primarily through the energy systems'actors and industrial actors,
and to respond to pressure for more collaboration between science and industry. For the Danish energy research programme the rationale was to set priorities for Danish energy research and innovation in the light of Danish energy policy.
Technollog and Innovation Partly the Confederation of Danish Industries Advisory Council for Energy Research Energy production companies Energy-technology companies Scientists Interest groupings/NGOS Target groups
Given from the outset Minister contact Support from known industry leaders etc. Actor dialogues, partnershhip consensus seeking Advisory Council for Energy Research Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight
underpinning priorities related to scientific strengths rather than future societal or industrial potentials The strategy of developing new production and consumption systems:
underpinning priorities related to scientific weaknesses compared to the international state-of-the-art The strategy of serving industry:
as above but with industry playing a more central role The strategy of more money: focusing attention on research by showing its societal importance The strategy of no strategy meaning no priorities made:
His main areas of research are technology foresight, strategy in science and innovation, technological innovation, the interaction between industry and science,
Inducement and blocking mechanisms in the development of a new industry: the case of renewable energy technology in Sweden.
Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. Newyork: The Free Press. Prahalad, C. K, . and G. Hamel. 1990.
R&d carried out in Luxembourg was largely the preserve of the private sector particularly the steel industry and even today,
Furthermore, different sorts of things might be prioritissed including scientific fields, industrial areas, research facilities, types of research performing institutes, and so on.
therefore between thematic priorities concerned with scientific fields, technology areas, industrial sectors, issues, etc. and structuura priorities concerned with issues such as research infrastructures, higher education teaching programmes, innovation promotion initiatives, venture capital markets,
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