Interest

Academic interests (3)
Growing interest (10)
Interest (298)
Particular interest (7)
Shared interests (5)
Societal interests (5)
Strategic interest (3)

Synopsis: Interest: Interest:

But this of course requires that there be no direct conflicts of interest and that the original client gives his full consent. 473 E. A. Eriksson, K. M. Weber/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 462 482 3. 2. 2. Phase 1:

Apart from foresight methodologies, his main research interests are in the governance of research and innovation systems, in the transformation of large socio-technical systems towards sustainability

they may be intent on advancing their national interests. The funding organizations have different priorities for research themes and resource allocation;

Here, tentative interests in prospective collaboration can be probed by inviting stakeholders from different countries to explore what research themes should be pursued through international joint RTD activities

0 No interest, 1 Some interest, 2 Considerable interest and 3 Tentative commitment. Researchers that were interested in working on a particular research theme were asked also to identify themselves and,

if this funding would be allocated to basic or applied research (approx. 1 h). Finally, based on the indications of these tentative funding interests,

the workshop participants (and thus funding organizations) were divided into a three working groups with shared interest (approx 1. 5 h). These working groups,

Taken together, these features of structured consultation contribute to a closer alignment between the priorities (as conveyed by calls for proposals) and the interests and competencies of the RTD community.

For a deeper appreciation of the methodology of interest, it is advised to refer directly to the specific section.

and impacts Impossibility to detect major technological breakthroughs and their regulatory requirements Semiquantiitativ In case of conflicting interests, missing-consensus about priorities Identification of experts Uncertainty increases with complexity of the context (technology, markets

and explored these as ways of bypassing any MNC lack of interest in integration by new forms of innovation chain.

He also has an interest in multi-stakeholder forums. Currently he is at Utrecht University, Department of Innovation and Environmental Studies,

This topic is of specific interest due to the fact that no common evaluation and assessment approach for foresight exercises has been developed to date.

It also allows‘non-expert'knowledge and society's perceptions, interests, concerns and fears to be taken into account.

The alignment of actors'interests, their active participation in dealing with uncertainty, the development of informed publics and, through all of these, to the evolution of strategies to cope with

Creating informed publics Interest from the general public DU: Dealing with uncertainty Facilitate better understanding of potential disruptive change Gain insights into complex interactions

and the second round exploited less formal and rigorous methods and produced results of potential interest to multiple parties.

Common interests, empathy and complementarity create alignment within a constituency, whereas tensions and disharmony in a constituency create misalignment

which implies a convergence of interests and the anticipation of mutual benefits. Perception-alignment reflects the effectiveness of communication,

As a rule, the more the expertise/visions/interest of contributors become part of the programme,

and should be characterised by interinstittutiona communication and collaboration, mutual interests and low dependence. Foresight processes should also be designed in such a way as to ensure inclusiveness,

The foresight objectives should reflect goal alignment and the mutual benefits and interests of the interested actors.

The alignment of actors'interests, their active participation in dealing with uncertainty, the development of informed publics and, through all of these, to the evolution of strategies to cope with

consultancies) or exploited in political/societal processes for advocating/pursuing certain views or interests (NGOS, trade associations).

The inherent tension between the interests, values, and goals of different stakeholders, and the one between the need to monitor

The rising importance of FTA is reflected in the interest for the Third International Seville FTA Conference.

that many users of technology roadmapping exist in a vertically integrated environment where a few big players have the interests and capabilities to assist in technological coordination.

There is therefore a corresponding interest in the morphology of the network and in particular network properties.

In other words, it attempts no explanation of the capabilities or interests of the innovator, nor does it attempt to explain how these innovators are organized institutionally.

infrastructure planning has to incorporate an explicit political dimension as well as a wide range of actors with diverging interest positions.

and the relative importance attributed to different goals will vary depending on interests of specific stakeholder groups'perspectives 34.

The variation of interests and in parallel potential conflicts increases with the consideration of political side effects of more radical solutions 36 as well as with different political and societal situations in context scenarios.

potential interest conflicts and sustainability deficits and utilizing the results in the formal decision making process (Fig. 1). 3. 1. Structuring exploration:

Hence, decision makers should be aware of potential divergence of interests. The higher middle circle encompasses options that were assessed very positively by one group

and location of the polygon can directly be interpreted as a measure of context and interest dependency.

In other words, we may say that the (prospective) stakeholders assessed the options according to their (assumed) subjective interests

(iii) enable pro-actively addressing future conflicts of interest and (iv) profit from new technical options potentially emerging in the course of the lifetime of an infrastructure system.

it did lead to a more encompassing understanding of the challenges, interests, options and timing aspects of a conjointly favorable course of action could be elaborated.

or changes in interests. One consequence was departed that decision makers from their initially strong position that only one big technical system was able to solve all future problems in the region.

This enabled the process of explicitly mapping key trade-offs among different strategic options with regard to potential conflicts of interest, surprises in the development of context conditions and potential sustainability deficits.

Consideration of opinions, attitudes, fears, interests and hopes may then be as important as consideration of clear facts.

This approach has raised recently interest in the risk management field. Resilience engineering originates from the resilience thinking of ecosysste dynamics 38 implying that ecosystems must cope with continuous changes and constant evolution.

Her current research interests include emerging risks and critical infrastructure protection, among others. She also holds a docent position in the University of Oulu

His main focuses of interests are commercializing environmental technologies and sustainable development. He holds Master's degree in both Marketing

Her main research interests concern technology foresight, service research and sustainable development. 1176 R. Koivisto et al.//Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1163 1176

This attainment raised national interest and critical debate of the reliability of the data basis and methodologies used in comparisons.

and a wide interest and emerged discussion of barometer proves that a social interest and order exists for the barometer.

Although Finnish policy-makers, industrial community, scientists and citizens have followed international comparisons and related discussion with great interest,

Despite the vast amount of interest in the Nordic innovation policy during the last decade, even this approach may have its pitfalls.

The first part sets out the respondent groups'assessments concerning the techno-scientific competence prospects and young people's interest in a number of professions.

/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1177 1186 most notably in terms of social needs and innovation policy interest, for the kinds of insights that the technology barometer exercise can deliver.

Political decision-making takes place in an environment characterized by ambiguity of problems and a multitude of conflicting interests between different stakeholders,

a benchmarking between different efforts in the fields of interest could nevertheless be of benefit for all the barometer exercises.

Young people's interest in certain professions 4. 3. Knowledge society development 4. 3. 1. Opinions regarding the standard of research and technical development in Finland 4. 3. 2

first talks already took place with departments that showed interests in certain topics. These talks centered around the topics themselves and the preparation of potential workshops.

but the process tries to channel the different interests. In the integration phase of the process in 2009,

Received 24 november 2008 Received in revised form 15 july 2009 Accepted 27 july 2009 Scenario planning has formed a growing area of interest on the interface of academia and public and private sector policy-making.

Over the recent decades, it has formed a growing area of interest on the interface of academia and public and private sector policy-making.

and interests faced by public agencies may make impossible any consensus about the meaning of scenario axes 26.

and provides a platform for voicing conflicting opinions and interests. Furthermore, the overall rationale of scenarioplannnin logic might be at odds with the rationale of policy deliberation:

In reality, policy deliberations are shaped oftentimes by power, specific interests and conflict constellations. Resulting decisions might appear irrational

and interests faced by governments makes it difficult to establish a key client, frame the purpose and gain the participation of all relevant participants.

Paper prepared at the invitation of the Woodrow wilson International Center for Scholars Foresight and Governance Project, 2002.34 L. Fuerth, Strategic Myopia, the Case for Forward Engagement, The National Interest, Spring

and content will depend on behavioural characteristics including personal interests, opinions and value assumptions. Consequently, Ulrich 21 defines CSH as:

the interests of the entire population affected including those not involved in the inquiry or design process, including the handicapped,

Although not an official body, the Nanodiablog community is deemed a high quality indicator of the populace (in any case the populace who takes an interest) and principles such as precaution, inclusiveness (transparency), integrity (protection for whistle blowers), ongoing

but the area has attracted increased interest in the last 10 or 20 years. However a significant difference between today's knowledge-based economies and the industrial economies of 30 or 50 years ago is that technological development has become crucial for economic development

and governments have an interest in the overall priorities of national expenditure on these areas.

Decision-making in organisations is often a result of political negotiation between different interests or powers.

Delphi studies and other judgemental methods can be perceived as a systematic way of dealing with political interests,

In many contexts political interests are as legitimate as‘neutral'expectations about future developments. In this perspective the premises for foresight might be that:

The context is not related to any particular understanding of science or technological development but to powers and political interests in the affected areas of science and technology;

Technollog and Innovation Partly the Confederation of Danish Industries Advisory Council for Energy Research Energy production companies Energy-technology companies Scientists Interest groupings/NGOS Target groups

Foresight processes must be designed to give legitimate room to such political negotiations between interests and powers.

the FNR serves as Luxembourg's national funding agency in supporting the development of research competences in topics of national interest Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 936 F. Glod et al. through multi

including social and commercial interests, should somehow be engaged in priority-setting processes. 4. Outline of FNR Foresight FNR Foresight has been delivered as a two phase process (FNR 2006, 2007a,

and develop those domain areas that might be of interest, but that are developed still weakly in Luxembourg.

‘research domains in the public sector with short-term and/or long-term socioeconomic interest for Luxembourg society'.

the ranked research domains within thematic fields were considered often to be framed poorly, incomparable for ranking purposes, unrepresentative of the interests of researchers,

'the interests of the participants were more widely spread (reflecting the reality of Luxembourg's research in that area)

'whereby stakeholders are playing a range of roles and representiin different interests at the same time. However contrary to previous findings (Crehan and Cassingena-Harper 2008), this did not make coordination easier in Luxembourg

but tended to render the conduct of the foresight exercise more difficult as a considerable number of participaant defended the interests of their various affiliated organisations.

Notes 1. As part of the general interest in technology foresight many small countries have also set up

(or tangible) outputs like reports and websites. 2 We can also observe an increasing interest in foresight activities that aim at supporting strategy formation both at the collective level and at the level of individual organisations.

This interest is fuelled by the recognition that there is a‘translation problem'appareen in foresight approaches that predominantly rely on broad participatory processes, namely the translation of shared collective problem perceptions and visions into actual decisions of individuua actors and organisations.

The three terms form a catchphrase to express the serious interest in strengthening the critical public dialogue about RTI, both within Vienna and on the international stage.

while on the other hand they had an interest to defend their competencies. In terms of the policy-facilitating function of foresight,

A shared view of future challenges and a better mutual understanding of potential joint interests and differences in opinion have been achieved,

His main research interests are related to regional development research performance and systemic innovation policy instruments. Barbara Grunewald has been Research Associate at Austrian Institute of technology (AIT) in the Department of Foresight & Policy development since 2005.

the project leadership resolved issues of stakeholder interests and futures literacy before they received their contributions.

977 the interests of the political representatives, both as contributors to the future pictures and as the ultimate recipients of a vision proposal:

The assumed lack of spatial and economical interests, however, was accompanied also by a request expressed by the municipal project leadership:

Apparently the assumed essential absence of capitalist interests was not enough to direct the young people's ideas in the desired direction.

Rainer Ehrt used by the vision project leader to underline the lack of capitalist interests in young people's ideas about the future.

and possessing no capitalist interests (Table 1). Interestingly, however, this image construction as authentic stakeholders was not enough to define their role as participants.

Economic No capitalist interests No ideas about physical projects! Political Their future ideas are unstructured basically and non-reflexive The contributions would need narrative structure

‘Communication is always characterised by the protection of interests and not by individual freedom or the search for consensus'(Hagen and Asmervik 2003,9;

Her main interests are negotiations of economic and social value in future orientation, reflexivity and stakeholder participation as well as collective scenario writing,

2. The phenomenon of interest is speed, but with provision of information that truly facilitates technology management.

which we muck around in the data looking for interesting things that might be of interest,

download the resulting records covering the topic of interest. The resulting information for btech miningq consists primarily of science and technology (S&t) publication and patent abstract records.

whereas no others hold more than 3 these might warrant further investigation to see how their interests fit with ours.

we could then seek their websites to learn more about their interests, contact information, etc.

Researchers usually mine the literature to find a few bnuggetsq that speak closely to their interests.

, using the Vantagepoint Reader software) enables digging down to locate specifics on a point of interest e g.,

It has aroused also international interest, considering that references to Finnsight reports have been made in documents published in Japan,

Some commentators noted that this variabilitywould have been of sufficient interest to deserve publication (cf. Ansoff 1975;

Two special editions of journals reflected the continuing methodological interest but crossed this with an interest in the evaluation of impacts and in the use of FTA in two domains, business and higher education 9, 10.

However, the central output this time was edited an book. In preparing the conference the scientific committee had concluded that a better focus could be achieved through the production by its members of‘‘anchor papers''.

The paradigm shift from the one gene one function towards a holistic approach that is one the one hand challenging the safety assessment of commercialised GM plants offers on the other hand a cognitive opportunity for modifying stakeholders alignment of interests.

and more precisely the paradigmatic shift away from the one-gene-one-function approach offers an opportunity for modifying stakeholders'alignment of interest for tackling persistent social concerns.

An important finding in relation to the interest of this paper is that a simple transfer of the methodologies to identify emerging science

There has been a substantial increase in interest in demand-side policy, evidenced for example by the European commission's Lead Market Initiative 39.

sustainability and information society issues requires typically many types of participants as well as different kinds of methods to adapt to the interests

Among decision-makers this is likely to lead to interests in the results. However policy interests may also enter in the foresight process

and create rigidities and difficulties to provide new and fresh perspectives for change. This may be supported by ensuring extensive stakeholder participation through the diversity and high number of participants.

relating these to the interests and goals of their organisations. The boundaries between the phases of the SECI knowledge cycle may

identify participants for the scenario workshop it is vital to include the right range of interests, knowledge and expertise,

what areas of study within the domain of interest should be selected, what specific questions might be used in the workshop),

and shapers, there are liable to be moments of‘‘internalisation''as participants become more familiar with working with the background material and fitting it into their own conceptual frameworks and constellations of interests and also, perhaps,

Different stakeholders have not only different interests, but they also have different modes of access to and use of knowledge:

Classic futures research was criticised often for elitism and subservience to military or corporate interests; more Recent foresight programmes have addressed broader participation more directly,

involving nanoscience and engineering, social science, ethics, consumer protection and environmental interests. The working group issued a call for written evidence,

i) sociocultural evolution,(ii) corporate industrial activity and (iii) government interests. While there has been a great deal of emphasis on the development

sociocultural evolution and government interests that are important in the quest for new forms of governance relating to them.

It requires different interests in society to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interest of the whole community

and the environment's interests into account. The question is how to formulate and facilitate policy making taking into account the active involvement of society and the requirements of the new governance systems.

How FTA ACTIVITY can support such moves must be set against the three pillars of corporate industrial activity, sociocultural evolution and government interests,

From a stakeholder perspective, strategic management needs to create a satisfactory balance of interests among the various stakeholders who contribute to

and‘do the right thing'that involves balancing competing values, interests and costs. -Sustainability: an emphasis on environment and community stewardship often invoking the so-called triple bottom line of economic, social,

and businesses understand each other as well as which interests are being met and the reasons why. 3 The GRI G3 guidelines emerged from a strategic alliance between GRI and UNGCI,

and accountability which is linked to transparency and the rule of law. 6. Government interests: society and corporate activity A central assumption behind innovation systems theory is that knowledge is the fundamental resource in the modern economy

socio-cultural evolution and government's interests, creating the need for newforms of governance. There is no doubt that innovations in international relations

Ultimately any government's interests lie in the‘nuts and bolts'of policy that involve the synthesis of possibilities from the two lower boxes in Fig.

1 there appears to be renewed interest in charting the boundaries of what to expect between 2010

3) 15 STEEP Categories for each domain of interest: i e. trends, drivers, shocks, discontinuities and weak signals=75 cells of content (Table 1;

3. 1. 3. Further analysis Analysis of each of the Domains of Interest according to%distribution by years of experience, country of residence, affiliation;

Table 1 STEEP map for the Domains of Interest. Sub-categories (A b c) to classify Domains of Interest 1. Society & Culture Social Norms, Education, Information & Knowledge society Demographics, Urbanization, Population Health & Migration Equity, Ethical

, Moral & Legal Issues 2. Science & Technology Science Culture & Discoveries Technology Progress Innovative, Transformative Applications & Products 3. Energy Current Energy Use

The trends obtained from the survey were mapped on the STEEP map for the Domains of Interest.

'2 but there is also value in selecting topics that are likely to arouse strong interest. 3 The challenge for high impact FTA is to select issues that have both a long time horizon,

These experiences should be of interest to those involved in long-range strategy planning. Keywords Delphi method, Environmental politics, Government policy, Scenario planning, Sustainable development, Strategic planning, Forecasting Paper type Case study Introduction Since the 1990s each new Finnish government has prepared a comprehensive foresight report

His main research interests are in environment, energy and security issues. VOL. 14 NO. 4 2012 jforesight jpage 315 To purchase reprints of this article please e-mail:

Despite the well-deserved interest and merit of the previous references, specialized literature still shows a substantial divorce between the scope and content of foresight exercises and the specific needs of urban planning.

which take into consideration local interests insofar as they do not conflict with sustainability principles. In this context, the planning value chain is integrated partially by the need to incorporate environmental planning into every step of the development process.

and sectorialised because stakeholders'interests prevail over the basic sustainability criteria. The development process is dominated by hardcore elements such as transport and basic infrastructures.

Although it is difficult to circumvent the lobbying interests and the political bias surrounding the legislative process,

as noted by Johnston (2008)‘‘served to inform Congressional interests as they considered legislative policy options''.

the speculative profit opportunities of Knight or the idiosyncratic individual interests of Hayek and the more collective tacit understandings of progress highlighted by Polanyi (Mirowski 1998;

Generalist's had a wide spread of interests; a high level of perception and awareness of the relevant components of the situation.

when it aligns better with current interests and current moral orders, and when it allows multiple interpretations.

The wide interest in foresight seems to be confirmed by the growing number of consulting companies and networks in the field. 1 On the other hand,

and is shown in Fig. 6. The purpose of this map was primarily to identify additional opportunities by comparison of Sandia IA data with work of national interest that is being funded at other DOE laboratories.

N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1131 areas of interest to Sandia since the map indicates that they are well outside our core competency areas.

Some of these were anticipated by the CIS investment team in that the FY2005 calls (issued in March 2004) reflected an increased interest in informatics,

Dr. Boyack's current interests and work are related to information visualization, knowledge domains, semantics, metrics and indicators, cognition,

His current areas of interest include the integration of information visualization technology with business intelligence. K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1136

Her current research interests include, for example, emerging risks and critical infrastructure protection. She holds a position of docent in the University of Oulu.

Her current research interests are especially in sustainable energy solutions at the society. She has also been carrying on various roadmap processes.

Today, considerable interest is directed towards NESTS, as these are expected to create considerable wealth. NESTS tend to be less predictable than incremental innovation processes,

and Lu 2002) examines a technology of interest by search and retrieval of abstract records on the topic.

with a secondary interest in the DSSC characterisation. 4. 1. Compose TDS (Step B) The TDS approach is akin to other technology innovation system approaches,

The content of a given cross-chart will vary depending on one's interests. For DSSCS, we began by generating an overall cross-chart,

were centred our interests on a given technical aspect (e g. pursuit of organic-metallic dyes), we could make a different cross-chart that accentuates relationships with their special capabilities.

This could help us to identify potential partners with complementary interests at different places along this technology development progression, thereby serving‘Open innovation'purposes (Chesbrough 2006.

At the same time, diverging interests, opinions and agendas pose challenges to the new and still crystallizing ideas contained in foresight results.

In a heterogeneous field of stakeholders, contrarian interests and different value propositions might be encountered. Therefore, it is essential to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding where different perspectives are being honored amongst the stakeholders involved.

and guiding questions in workshop are framed in terms of needs and interests rather than positions. Thus, a constructive framework for further discussions throughout the process can be established. 4. 2 Step 2:

B A heterogeneous set of stakeholders within and outside the BMBF with different agendas, value systems, interests and communication practices has been brought together

The participants in the roundtable discussions were grouped into common areas of interest. Half a day was allocated to each discussion

Their relations with each other are affected often by their opposing interests, which given the weak legal system engenders many problems.

and interest in research and innovation to respond to grand challenges. Understanding the difficulties for FTA to dealing with the grand challenges of humanity helps

whereas Gao et al. 7 propose the development of a new forecasting approach to analysing technology life cycle of a particular technology of interest.

Despite the lack of systematic investigation, there are clear signs of interest from the FTA COMMUNITY in combining methods.

and at the JRC-IPTS she is developing a specific interest in their combination and application in foresight exercises.

Yet it is the arising of these robust and resilient structures, in other words, the emergence of innovations, that is of profound interest,

This upswing in evolutionary economics was in great part due to the renewed interest in the discussion on long waves in economics during the last two decades

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