For example, it has been carrying out a visioning exercise On earth systems research with a view to identifying a single strategic framework for global environmental change research and its policy relevance (ICSU 2010.
'175 Finally, the exercise and ICSU's other uses of foresigght e g. in the Earth systems visioning exercise have demonstrated the feasibility of using foresight in support of international science cooperation activities.
ICSU is seen as an independent platform able to bring together funders and the science community to co-design programmes, building on the success of the Earth System Sustainability Initiative, 2012 22.
Furthermore, as part of its Initiative On earth System Sustainability, 2012 22, ICSU worked with funding agencies to encourage the development of internatioona courses targeted at developing the ability of young researchers to conduct interdisciplinary research.
lessons from scenario and roadmapping process on intelligent and sustainable manufacturing systems, 'paper presented at the Fourth International Seville Conference on Future-oriented technology analysis, held Seville, Spain, 12 may 2011.
2010) Earth System Science for Global sustainability: The Grand challenges. Paris: International council for science..(2011a) ICSU Strategic Plan II, 2012 2017.
involves a variety of actions within the system, of which the innovating organization or innovator forms part.
foresight and forward-looking policy design The concept of a system has different emphases in different branches of the innovation literature.
Thirdly, the literature on technological systems places the emphasis on networks of agents in a specific economic or industrial sector and the particular institutional infrastructure involved in the generaatio and diffusion of technology (Carlsson and Stankiewicz 1991.
and especially the anticipation of potential system failures, has become a key rationale. In this view, system failures are approached as outcomes of‘rigidities and mistakes of innovation agents'and‘a lack of linkages and fragmentatiio between innovation actors'(Georghiou and Keenan 2006:
763). ) Foresight stimulates two types of systemic capacities. First, foresight provides actors with informatiio and signals outside the immediate environment and helps to identify potential threats and opportunities.
and linkages that could be useful in fostering the circulation of information in the system.
and how their sequential flow is organized depends on the characteristics of the system under policy intervention.
These system characteristics are, for example: actor assemblages, enabling technologies and related infrastrucctures a temporal scope of the system (e g. what is short-term,
what is long-term) and spatial scales of the system (e g. local, regional and national). In policy design, multiple policy instruments are adapted
and tested in parallel. Thus policy design aims to increase the resilience of the policy practices in the systemic contexts by allowing space for policy experimentation.
Reconfiguring the policy system towards long-term perspectives. Innovation policy roadmapping. 179. Symbolic function, i e. that policy is based on informatiio that is shared and collaboratively interpreted.
but instead they are approached as knowledge umbrellas that depict a large-scale strategy picture of a system.
Secondly, TM accentuates the interrelatedness of societal and technological systems and the multiplicity of actors.
the system is locked often into technological solutions which are socially subopttima and do not transform automatically through market transactions alone.
the system could refer to an entity consisting of different actors, for example, in the health value network and the regulatory context of this network,
or the Innovation policy roadmapping. 181 system could also refer to a convergence of sectors, for example in the case of functional foods.
System and sub-system integrators; Performance based regulations; Green building standards go mainstream in new constructions;
Distributed building services systems (e g. heating, air conditioning; Separate solutions for design, building, and operation; Individual solutions and separate maintenance from different suppliers;
Distributed building services systems (e g. cooling, air conditioning, heating; Integrated user interface for all controls of building services;
In the market, this trajectory calls for new types of actors, system and subsystem integrators.
assessment and certification services, low-energy concepts and distributed building services systems (e g. heating and air conditioning.
zero energy concepts, distributed building services systems (e g. for cooling, air conditioning and heating), integrated user interface for all controls of building services,
Current R&d on HVAC accentuates the connection of separate systems into a larger building automation system through ICT protocols.
and in the future nano-electrical mechanicca systems sensors and ubiquitous sensing systems are, and will be used in construction to monitor
Optimizing systems Increasing awareness of global consequences of climate change Economic recession Emission trading starts to have effect on companies Rising living standards in BRIC countries Green values:
life cycle emissions of products not known, information fragmented in isolated systems SYSTEMIC POLICIES: Management of complex of information systems;
with focus on user interfaces Automatic meter reading (AMR) Basic life cycle analysis software Basic home automation systems Green ICT traffic solutions:
T. Ahlqvist et al. optimised products, processes and systems that consume as few resources as possible at every stage of their life cycle.
Most of the information is fragmented in isolated systems. Basically, the strategic policy issues depicted here aim to affect this zero state of affairs.
like carbon footprinting Large scale modelling and simulation technologies enable system-level LCA and digital product processes Advanced modelling,
In the future, systems will be integrated towards a smart grid concept that enables distributed, small-scale energy generation. This also requires new energy market players that take the responsibility for aggregating the distributed energy resources to the grids.
The basic versions of home automation systems are utilized currently, for example in heating and ventilation. Automatic meter reading (AMR) is currently one of the key solutions.
In the long term, the small-scale environmennta sustainability services offered to individual consummer can be scaled up to large-scale systems.
large-scale modelling and simulation technologies will enable system-level LCA, digital product processes, and a smart energy supply.
and composition of technological systems',Journal of Evolutionary economics, 1: 93 118. Da Costa, O.,Warnke, P.,Cagnin, C. and Scapolo, F. 2008)‘ The impact of foresight on policy-making:
The construction of complex products and systems',Research policy, 29: 955 72. Geels, F. W. 2002)‘ Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes:
2004)‘ From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems. Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory',Research policy, 33: 897 920..(
As current governance systems are incapable of tackling current and future, interconnected, global challennge (Ko nno la et al. 2012),
between national research systems, horizonttall between disciplines and policy areas, vertically across governance levels (from local to global)
and evaluation of project performance Financial administration systems are designed not to cope with non-national contracts No shared points of contact/project ideas Differences in speed of implementation National differences in training for graduate students
and expectations about how work and interacttion should be conducted Differences in legal and regulatory systems Intellectual property (IP)
alignment of national research systems. temporal dimension in co-ordination 2. 2. 1 Alignment of research systems.
Nations or regions aiming to collaborate in research programming often face strong differences of varying nature in the way their respective national research systems are built up (Optimat et al. 2005;
Anderson (2010) also points to the importance of legal and regulatory systems, oversight related to research integrity,
and related key barriers for transnational research programming Dimension of policy co-ordination Description Potential barriers19 Alignment of research systems Alignment of structural and systemic differences in national research systems
Structural differences between national research systems hampering co-ordination of programmes Structural differences in national programme orientation
urban megatrends, urban networks and connectiivity and the socio-ecological sustainability of city systems. Expected outcomes of the pilot call include:
'9. This platform aims at supporting the process for develoopin national/regional innovation strategies for smart specialisation that support the development of well-performing national or regional research and innovaatio systems,
ERAWATCH is a platform collecting data on national research systems in the ERA, including policy documents and research programmes. 11.
2005) defines three types of dominant programme orientation strategies for national research systems in Europe: single framework programme, multiple generic programmes,
Edquist, C.,ed.,(1997) Systems Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organisations. London: Pinter. EMIDA. 2009)‘ Description of Work, Grant Agreement for Co-ordination and Support Actions (Coordinating) EMIDA, Annex 1, approved 31 january 2008 and updated 28 october 2009 (FP7 Theme
Kaiser, R. and Prange, H. 2004)‘ Managing diversity in a system of multilevel governance: The open method of co-ordination in innovation policy',Journal of European Public policy, 11: 249 66.
which led to the developmeen of a semiautomatic system that provides continuous end-to-end capabilities to collect
Many of the sophisticated community annotation systems that are used currently in biology are based on the wiki concept (Mons et al. 2008;
Today's text-mining software cannot be seen as a fully automated system. The large lists of outcomes need to be processed
This also means that the policy system should be made aware of the benefits of taking horizon scanning results into account early enough and more seriously.
Scanning systems may comprise quantitative methods such as bibliometrics, cybermetrics and patent analysis, which may also convey patterns of emerging issues.
we believe that the integratiio of these different ideal-types can be useful in establisshin anticipatory systems.
Horizon scanning. 229 exercise can also be seen as an example of building an international anticipatory system,
Blackburn, S.,Cudd, P. and Hawley, M. 2010)‘ A horizon scanning system for identifying new telehealth innovations',Global Telemedicine and ehealth Updates:
*Alexander Bunkowski2 and Lothar Behlau2 1fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research, Breslauer Straße 48,76139 Karlsruhe,
the current government systems are incapable of tackling current and future global interconnected challenges. Boden et al. 2010:
In a hierarchical trend system, they are active at different levels. They change Fraunhofer future markets. 233
'and the role of strategic R&d planning at the corporate level within this system. With a total budget of E1. 65 billion in 2010, Fraunhofer is the largest contract research organisation in Europe.
At the same time, cooperation between various knowledge domains within 60 Fraunhofer institutes is needed to address complex interdisciplinary system approaches in R&d.
and financial system (includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction, both nationally and internationally) Target 13 Address special needs of least developed countries (includes tariff
As Fraunhofer is one of the largest actors in the European system, it is obvious that its headquarters had to act to position the Fraunhofer Society.
The team selecting the grand challenges consisted of members from the headquarters in Munich and from the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research in Karlsruhe.
because it is established an reporting system that is provided by the World Federation of UN Associations. 280 international experts from 32 teams contribute to the surveys it is based on.
components and systems for DC coupling of generators, storage and consumers in the European African network (b) hybrid energy storage for cities:
integration of renewable energy, low-loss energy distribution and efficient use of energy by hybrid local network storage systems.
but system solutions seem to be the future framework for joint research programmes, not only at a European level but also at the Fraunhofer level.
Technology, Innovation and Policy, Series of the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research, No. 13.
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