| Individual universities (4) |  |
| Reformed universities (6) | |
| Unchanged universities (6) | |
when discussing unchanged universities: not an extremely inward-looking, inflexible,‘sclerotic'one, further characterised by inertia and poor performance,
largely unchanged universities would push hard to maintain their centuries-old monopoly to validate knowledge; yet, a number of other organisations e g. think tanks, private research organisations, private nonprofit research organisations, government laboratories, consultancy firms, patient organisations, various NGOS, trade associations and interest groups
Four options can be envisaged for unchanged universities, following the considerations presented in 28: a) they progressively lose their power to validate knowledge produced outside their domain b) they maintain their power to validate knowledge produced outside their domain c a new public authority is set up to validate knowledge produced by a large variety of actors d
At largely unchanged universities an overall‘inward-looking'(passive,‘traditionalist')attitude would prevail; albeit modern management techniques are taught,
Double success case Trends, driving forces Universities Largely unchanged universities Radically reformed universities The role/mission of universities The main emphasis is on teaching and‘basic research'(science for the sake of science), not much interaction
Successful multi-speed EU Trends, driving forces Universities Largely unchanged universities Radically reformed universities The role/mission of universities The main emphasis is on teaching and‘basic research,
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