stakeholders can then identify their expectations and attach concrete meaning and actions to the business's values (Giversen 2003).
These take into consideration the diversity of views across the network and the collective articulation of visions and expectations.
and desirable futures and articulation of visions and expectations needed to reach a common goal and an adaptive path to follow,
Expectation for innovation through scientific and technological development is building up in this situation, and many countries have shown a clear tendency to place special focus on science and technology policy in their innovation strategies.
expectations are growing high in Japan, calling for the fruits of science and technology to contribute toward addressing global or national challenges.
is to identify the expectations for science and technology. The preliminary discussion was conducted to identify the missions of science
which are graded according to the experts'expectation. Square dots indicate the five scenarios mentioned in section 4. 1,
The‘‘Socialization of information''area in the category of‘‘Others''gained an especially high expectation,
since government institutions need to be careful about raising expectations that may remain unfulfilled. On a positive note
Expectations regarding the final results as well as the process design are addressed. Key success factors as well as potential obstacles are covered also.
an instrumental expectation that investments will address particular problem areas and boost economic competitiveness. It could be argued that the main narrative of EU Research,
expectations, luck, and business strategy'',Management Science, Vol. 32 No. 10, pp. 1231-41. Barney, J. B. 1991),‘Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage'',Journal of Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 99-120.
Trust from policy-makers in outcomes from an FTA exercise may be undermined by differences between the expectations of decision-makers who should ultimately use the outcomes of FTA,
perceptions on the expectations of different audiences, methodological preferences of the (mixed methods) researcher, structure of the research project, different timelines for different method types, skill specialisms, the nature of the data, ontological differences,
Navigating foresight in a sea of expectations: lessons from the sociology of expectations, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manage. 24 (8)( 2012) 769 782.20 D. Loveridge, O. Saritas, Ignorance and uncertainty:
and expectations related to them, in turn influence the adoption and survival of technologies during the transition.
Generation companies'expansion decisions are driven mainly by profit expectations, and are dependent on forecasts about fuel prices, demand,
Firstly, the expert (i e. scientific) mind-set fosters expectations of regularity, simplicity and certainty in the phenomena and in our interventions 74.
and instead focus on Feynman as the genius behind the origins of the field 11 (C. Selin, Expectations and the emergence of nanotechnology, science, technology & human values,(2007) 196 220).
Nonetheless, these activities contributed to forming the field and shaping the expectations. In both countries, early FTA envisioned innovative future nanotechnologies
Res. 10 (2008) 11 29.11 C. Selin, Expectations and the emergence of nanotechnology, Sci. Technol.
Concerning themotivation for innovation the observations represented a large diversity from strictly profit-oriented innovation patterns up to mission-driven innovation patterns aiming to support social benefits regardless of profit expectations.
when it comes to applying the results of an analysis. Expectations need to be managed at the beginning and throughout the foresight study,
and the large number of diverse participants, each with different expectations and needs 2. As a consequence it is essential to take these factors into account in the design
whereby future-oriented expectations are produced jointly, combined and assimilated through various inputs and critical reflection.
At the same time, the process must be designed to cope with shifting objectives and stakeholders'expectations during the implementation phase (i e. the so-called responsiveness of the process) 13.
Therefore, there is a clear need to ensure expectations are managed in line with the objectives of the exercise
and expectations To kickoff the project-design together with consortia partners most of the initial debate centred on methodological aspects.
To link findings with stakeholders'expectations, especially those from industry, a first online survey was launched. It identified 261 experts around the globe
T. Ko nno la/Futures 59 (2014) 27 38 31 3. 2. Scenarios and joint vision A more in depth analysis of the findings of the state of the art and expectations
In this context, the partner meetings were vital to adapt the process to the evolving client's needs and partners'expectations,
State-of-the-art and expectations Analysis of co-patents and co-publications Use common foresight framework User of partner contacts and established networks for outreach (survey, interviews,
The modular design of the exercise was conducive to accommodating diverse stakeholder expectations. The idea of embedding such modularity was adapted from another international exercise 29 where stakeholder participation was also based on the definition of explicit roles and responsibilities for the different phases of the process.
As mentioned, the scenario and vision building process required considerable behaviour and expectation management. In the first scenario building workshop a discussion of how scenarios could be deployed
The development of scenarios, the vision building process and the final roadmaps included not only expectations, needs and viewpoints from the IMS region,
Furthermore, expectations of outcomes and impacts tend to be context-dependent, and vary from concerns with the take-up of FTA knowledge in policy and decision processes, through to organisational vision-building,
whose needs, values and expectations should be tapped'systematically 8, 9. In so-called‘user-driven innovation, 'users are involved in a more systematic and continuous way, from the early, anticipatory and generative stages on.
and stakeholders to voice and further develop their ideas, expectations, concerns. Through a better introduction of the future based on Foresight theory and practice and through an integration of methods and approaches from other fields, including user/market research
and enable them not only to make their expectations more explicit but also to share them with each other.
'At a more tangible level, it has been argued that active involvement of users helps to create a good fit between the needs, expectations,
while it should be taken into account that there are different types of users with distinct characteristics, expectations and needs 22.
what their characteristics and expectations will be, what their usage behaviour will look like, this knowledge is crucial in view of strategic planning and decision making within innovation research.
the need for accurate insight into and anticipation of user's needs and expectations; and the emerging necessity of diagnosing the changing innovation landscape to address these issues for‘Foresightful Innovation.'
and asked for their expectations concerning the future of TV and their vision on the future TV user and TV SET of the future.
The third key aspect in our personas'expectations and visualisations of future TV experiences referred to the social character of the medium:
'they do not necessarily represent the needs and expectations that other user segments hold. We have argued therefore that there is a need to also empower
and stimulate those users that are traditionally not behind the steering wheel to voice their expectations, needs, visions with regards to possible, preferable and probable futures.
the distinct user profiles were found to have different expectations and needs with regard to future TV experiences, implying that it is insufficient to only rely on expert users.
visions and to drive the sharing of expectations among the different stakeholders involved. Acknowledging the constraints
and anticipate possible future developments, needs, expectations,..IF aims to enhance users'input to and their influence on the inclusive knowledge creation process.
it is likely that some methods will be more successful than others in supporting a user to voice his or her future ideas, visions, expectations.
and monitor citizens'concerns and expectations. Once in place, this would allow the State to offer solutions to emerging problems due to the strategic feedback mechanism in place (phase 4). Together,
In turn, the link between citizens'expectations and desires collected via dialogue (phase 3) and feedback mechanisms (phase 4) did not generate new strategies (phase 1). Once such link could not materialise it was not possible to develop scenarios based upon strategic diagnosis (phase 2),
however, that the strategic diagnosis (phase 2) did not achieve all its potential in meeting expectations.
to promote a collective articulation of these visions and related expectations, and to develop an action plan to monitor the achievement of the agreed vision as well as enable adaptation over time. 3. 4. Limitations of the proposed system
when designing a strategy that takes into consideration the diversity of views across the value chain and the collective articulation of visions and expectations.
These take into consideration the diversity of views across the value chain and the collective articulation of visions and expectations.
and expectations (thus supporting phase 1). Such articulation would be the basis for actors to jointly experiment
and (3) coordinating partner expectations. That is to say the network manager had Table 2 The three roles of foresight as described by Rohrbeck
(2) overcoming innovation barriers,(3) meeting the expectations of the various partners, and (4) recommending practices to improve the activities within the network.
Eventually, the assessment of the outcome (network performance versus original expectations) will determine the partners'future commitment.
This was credited mostly to differences in opinion and expectations. For instance, interviewees stated that the government
Establish explicit expectations and measures to assess performance. Understand the depth of engageemen and the learning process that can be possible.
which covers expectations across a wide range of societal areas and provides a broad scan of S&t developments and opportunities.
and comparing horizon scans lies in the expectation that the sum of the scans may reveal issues that have been overlooked in the separate national scans.
which helped to unveil the mismatch between consumer expectations and percepttion on the one hand, and the opportunities offeere by a technology on the other.
In this context, customer expectations need to be managed carefully for a company to remain successful and building trust and awareness are part Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries Science and Public policy February 2010 24 of the equation.
and of the possibilities of what FTA can deliver as it is to the client's unrealistic expectations.
expectations, capabilitiies and cultural sensitivities of the end users. This paper describes the conduct of this regional foresight project using a combination of foresight methods.
Furthermore, as userdriive innovation deals with those user insights (needs, expectations etc. that users cannot always easily articulate,
2) emphasiiz the importance of users'expectations and experiences: Qoe is how the user feels about how an applicattio
or service was delivered, relative to their expectations and requirements. De Marez and De Moor (2007) looked into Qoe at a conceptual level and identified five main dimensions and over 70 subdimensions.
insigght into users'experiences and expectations (e g. in a particular context or for a certain application) are shared often not in an interdisciplinary developmeen team.
We now briefly turn to the five stages. 1. Pre-usage user research to detect relevant Qoe elements and user expectations.
and expectations of mobile phone use. Methood used here included: free listing, questionnaire, brainstorming, Qoe elements list, prioritizing exerccis (card sorting)
5. Post-usage comparison of expectations versus experience (based on information gathered in step 3 and further user research)
User 10 shows great satisfaction up to-79 dbm, with ratings of 5 for expectations, reuse and general experience.
In order to hear the opinion of government authorities and representative leaders from industry and the national system of ST&I, about the system itself, FINEP, its performmanc and future expectations,
The quality of the contributions, at all levels, by far surpassed initial expectations..The process had a very beneficial effect on FINEP,
But such surveys were merely to serve policy expectations rather than to lead to commercializatiio (Zheng 2001:
But the impacts of FTA in this respect have fallen somewhat short of expectations up until now. The central question in this paper is
various visions and expectations, regulations and policies, and the activities of lead users. As such, guidance can be considered to be an interactive and cumulative process of exchanging ideas between technology producers, users and many other actors..
facilitating learning and informing expectations. In this regard there is a need for additional policies that are related to networks, community building, visions, experiments and learning.
The knowledge developed under FTA helps to articulate visions and expectations which can form the framework under
The collective knowledge creation enabled by the structuring role of FTA PROCESSES enables the articulation of market-shaping expectations and visions,
when products and services based on new technologies are rejected Creating new capabilities Improve decisions by meeting societal expectations
by means of articulating market-shaping expectations and visions could be utilised when setting the common strategic research agenda as well as in the implementation phase with equal consideration of market applicability
of visions and expectations that guide actors in their search and selection of future opportunities.
and prioritisation of associated themes and areas for research Capacity building role of FTA supports diverse expectations to be framed
through articulation of market-shaping expectations and visions and conditions for coordination of market actors that these provide Structuring role of FTA allows consideration of future market applicability of different alternatives alongside with research excellence needed to foster their development Capacity
FTA supports articulation of market-shaping expectations and stakeholders'visions and in coordinating actors Develop
SPRU, University of Sussex. van Lente, H. 1993)‘ Promising technology, the dynamics of expectations in technological development',Phd thesis, University of Twente. von Hippel, E. 2005
and thus shape both implicit and explicit expectations that influence scanners and their behaviour. Overall, networks for the collaborative development of crosscutting challenges Coping with a fast-changing world. 161 may help reframe the‘bigger picture
foresight has been proven to be a useful tool for bringing together different stakeholders in processes of mutual learning and exchange of expectations of the future,
'about aligning expectations and building a‘self-fulfilling prophecy'.'In a systemic view, foresight can
The cyclical nature of the industry with its expectations of short-term profit discourages innovation, as both demand and profits are subject to strong variation (Squicciarini and Asikainen 2010).
and expectations about how work and interacttion should be conducted Differences in legal and regulatory systems Intellectual property (IP)
Stakeholder participation was also based on the definition of explicit roles and responsibilities for the different phases of the process. 4. 1. 3 Flexible and responsive management to accommoodat with stakeholder expectations.
Foresight can be structured in a way that allows flexibility in design to respond to the changing expectations of stakeholdders for instance including open access
and stakeholder expectations should be regarded as a major concern and even a key design variable in the planning and execution of foresight activities.
and redesigning the whole process to better meet the stakeholder expectations and to accommodate new priorities in the plans.
and thus shape both implicit and explicit expectations that influence scanners and their behaviiour In this paper,
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