suggests research published today in the journal Nature Genetics. The ytospongesits within a pill which,
Professor Fitzgerald and colleagues carried out whole genome sequencing to analyse paired Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal cancer samples taken at one point in time from 23 patients,
The researchers found patterns of mutations in the genome where one etterof DNA might change to another,
but no cancer, to a situation where large pieces of genetic information were being transferred not just between genes but between chromosomes.
"Our new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering,
Even better news is that the transgenic cats have passed successfully both traits (glowing and resistance) along to their offspring.
a rare hereditary disease in which a mutation of the MEN1 gene on chromosome 11 makes patients susceptible to developing both benign
#Wall street journal Highlights Promising Gene therapy Advances Yesterday, bluebird bio reported some very uplifting news at the annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology.
have been able to forgo transfusions for at least five months following a gene therapy treatment from bluebird.
Professor Banfield and her colleagues sequenced the genomes of organisms found in ground water at a site beside the Colorado river in Rifle Colorado.
They then assembled the millions of DNA pieces into eight complete bacterial genomes from four new and one previously studied phyla.
They also produced draft genomes more than 90 per cent complete for a further 789 other bacteria.
the protein-based machinery that translate genetic information into proteins. They have placed them into an entirely new branch of the tree of life they have called the'candidate phyla radiation'due to their similarities to each other.
They have extremely small genomes and appear to be stripped down'forms of life with just enough genes needed to survive.
dubbed the oogle Maps of genomes, will help scientists correlate information on organisms. And the ultimate goal is to choose organisms with specific genes to create something with certain characteristics.
But understanding the genetics means it is now possible to engineer a microbe like yeast to do the job.
Gene therapy that restores hearing in mice could be used on humans in just five years By Ellie Zolfagharifard For Dailymail. com and Reuters Published:
01:22 GMT, 9 july 2015 Gene therapy to treat hereditary human deafness could be available within five years.
Separately, a similar Novartis gene therapy trial is under way to help restore hearing in people who have become deaf through damage or disease.
when safety scares set back research, gene therapy is enjoying a renaissance. The technique has had positive clinical results recently in conditions ranging from blood diseases to blindness.'
'It's an exciting time for gene therapy in hearing.''A key element in current optimism is the development of better and safer viral delivery systems for getting corrective genes into the body.
who is co-senior author of the study with Dr. Bruce Conklin, a senior investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular disease and a professor of medical genetics and cellular and molecular pharmacology at UC San francisco.'
#Harvard Yale scientists develop technique to make GMOS safer A new milestone has been reached by scientists at Ivy League universities Yale and Harvard;
they have discovered a method to prevent genetically modified organisms (GMOS) from escaping into the wild. This technique is a powerful breath through in the mission to build stable, synthetic life forms.
The cells that carry an alternative genetic code will make them dependent on an artificial nutrient not available in nature.
George Church, a genetics professor at Harvard Medical school oversaw one of the studies that was published Wednesday in the journal Nature,
and compered the study to putting GMOS n a leash. The ability to alter an organisms genetic composition has been entertained one long by scientists and the plot of dozens of sci-fi movies and novels.
since DNA cages and bunny rabbits don have to act as genetic material for a cell, they have a much narrower list of chemical requirements than natural DNA.
on-GMO ot treated with growth hormone o added preservatives Our 35%obesity rate in the US,
which approved the first GMO in 1980. Unhealthy, or even unsafe, became collateral damage in the ar on Poverty Ironically,
As per BBC News, authors of a study distributed in the Nature journal sequenced the genomes of 120 different birds of 17 species. Darwin backed his Theory of Natural selection with the finches,
lead analyst Leif Andersson, a professor of functional genomics at Uppsala University, the Swedish University of Agricultural sciences, said in a press release.
the research is a major step forward in pharmacology and builds on earlier work in optogenetics, a technology that makes individual brain cells sensitive to light
Nanoflares have been very useful for researchers that operate in the arena of quantifying gene expression. Aurasense, Inc.,a biotechnology company that licensed the Nanoflare technology from the university,
That finding dispels concerns that the genetic material will quickly degrade in rain and sunlight. In the proof-of-principle study researchers wanted to answer
Geneticists have used the technique to silence specific genes examine what functions are lost and hence learn that gene purpose.
Ronald laboratory has been studying rice genetics and disease resistance for more than two decades and in 1995 announced that a gene called Xa21 confers resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen.
geneticist Stephen T. Warren and colleagues at Emory University replicated it in mouse brain cells and tested it for the widely known functions of FMRP.
And it impossible to determine the exact location where a building block in the genetic code has been altered into an adduct.
biological agentsncluding mosquito-killing bacteria and fungind genetic manipulation of mosquitoes aimed at either killing them
well-known genome and short life span of just a few days.""This makes drug screening much easier,
because cells in any one tumor have chromosomes with different telomere lengths and any one cell's telomeres must be shortened critically to induce death. 6-thiodg is used preferentially as a substrate by telomerase
#Ultra-Fast Software Developed to Scan the Human genome Researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital say they have developed an analysis pipeline that cuts the time it takes to search a person's genome for disease-causing variations from weeks to hours.
an ultra-fast, deterministic, highly scalable and balanced parallelization strategy for the discovery of human genetic variation in clinical and population-scale genomics appears in Genome Biology."
and $3 billion to sequence the first human genome,"notes Peter White, Ph d.,principal investigator and director of the biomedical genomics core at Nationwide Children's and the study's senior author."
After a genome is sequenced, scientists are left with billions of data points to analyze before any truly useful information can be gleaned for use in research and clinical settings."
Churchill allows efficient analysis of a whole genome sample in as little as 90 minutes, explains Dr. White."
Churchill allows computationally efficient analysis of a high-depth whole genome sample in less than two hours,
000 Genomes raw sequence dataset in a week using cloud resources
#Inflamed Brain Is depressed a Brain Researchers at the Centre for Addiction and Mental health (CAMH) in Toronto have found a possible link between inflammation in the brain and clinical depression.
They report previously unidentified chromosome duplications and confirmed data from earlier findings that associated these tumors with the KIT gene,
says Clare Turnbull, Ph d.,senior author and team leader in predisposition and translational genetics at ICR.
published in Nature Genetics, could have implications for the development of new methods of pain relief.
Using detailed genome mapping two teams of researchers collaborated to analyze the genetic make-up of 11 families across Europe
Most often the majority of prostate cancer is thought of as an organ-confined disease with little genetic variation.
"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Genetics through an article entitled patial genomic heterogeneity within localized, multifocal prostate cancer.
From this group, whole genome sequencing was performed on samples from five patients whose prostates were removed surgically.
the company immediately added Abbvie Viekira Pak to its National Preferred Formulary as the exclusive option for patients with genotype 1 hepatitis Cust three days after the FDA approved the drug.
and only covers Sovaldi for non-genotype 1 hepatitis C. ur clients will save more than $1 billion this year on hepatitis C medications,
#Novel Epigenetic Technique Opens Door to Combatting Virulent Strains of Bacteria Researchers from the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai say they have developed a novel method to more precisely analyze bacterial populations
and reveal epigenetic mechanisms that can drive virulence. The new technique holds the promise of a potent new tool to offset the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance by bacterial pathogens, according to the team.
The study (ingle molecule-level detection and long read-based phasing of epigenetic variations in bacterial methylomes appears in Nature Communications,
Beyond their participation in host defense, increasing evidence suggests that these modifications also play important roles in the regulation of gene expression, virulence,
existing methods for studying bacterial methylomes rely on a population-level consensus that lack the single-cell resolution required to observe epigenetic heterogeneity. e created a technique for the detection
We found that a typical clonal bacterial population that would otherwise be considered homogeneous using conventional techniques has epigenetically distinct subpopulations with different gene expression patterns"said Gang Fang, Ph d,
. assistant professor of genetics and genomics at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai and senior author of the study. iven that phenotypic heterogeneity within a bacterial population can increase its advantage of survival under stress conditions such as antibiotic treatment,
as it enables de novo detection and characterization of epigenetic heterogeneity in a bacterial population.
demonstrating the new technique reveals distinct types of epigenetic heterogeneity. For Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium that colonizes over 40%of the world population
the team discovered that epigenetic heterogeneity can quickly emerge as a single cell divides, and different subpopulations with distinct methylation patterns have distinct gene expressions patterns.
This may have contributed to the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance of H. pylori. he application of this new technique will enable a more comprehensive characterization of the functions of DNA methylation and their impact on bacterial physiology.
both of which present significant epigenetic heterogeneity. c
#Novel Tissue Scaffold Technique Marks Milestone in Regenerative medicine Researchers say they have developed a new tissue scaffold technology that could one day enable the engineering of large organs.
and gene therapies to prevent drug relapses, "explains Dr. Dietz.""If we can control this pathway,
making auxin a potentially useful tool in designing gene therapies or other applications without adverse reactions in humans.
#Epigenetics Opens Potential Pathway to Treating Glioblastoma Scientists at the University of California, San diego School of medicine and Moores Cancer Center led an international team that discovered that cancer stem cell properties are determined by epigenetic changes.
The study, which was carried out on human tumor samples and mouse models, is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
This epigenetic activity helps explain how glioblastoma can resist treatment. In addition drugs that modify LSD1 levels could provide a new approach to treating glioblastoma, according to the researchers.
This observation suggested that epigenetics, rather than specific DNA sequences, determines tumorigenicity in glioblastoma cancer stem cells."
and non-tumorigenic states in glioblastoma that are determined by epigenetic regulation, "said senior author Clark Chen, M d.,Ph d,
Probing further, Dr. Chen's team discovered that the epigenetic factor determining whether or not glioblastoma cells can proliferate indefinitely as cancer stem cells is their relative abundance of LSD1,
"Dr. Chen and one of the study's first authors, Jie Li, Ph d.,note that the epigenetic changes driving glioblastoma are similar to those that take place during normal human development."
epigenetic changes help make a liver cell different from a brain cell, "said Dr. Li, an assistant project scientist in Chen's lab."Our results indicate that the same programming processes determine
#DNA"Spare tire"Gets Genome on Road to Repair Certain parts of the genome that are especially vulnerable to damage nonetheless contribute to a crucial,
How does the genome keep rolling along? It not calling AAA. According to scientists at the University of Utah and the University of Vermont, DNA contains an extra set of guanines,
In fact, this spare can help the genome steer clear of cancer. Various kinds of damage can happen to DNA,
One common way that our genetic material can be harmed is from a phenomenon called oxidative stress.
The Utah and Vermont researchers hypothesized that genome instability due to damaged G was counteracted somehow. They scanned the sequences of known human oncogenes associated with cancer,
and repair of oxidized bases in promoter regions may constitute an additional example of epigenetic modification, in this case of guanine bases,
to regulate gene expression in which the G4 sequences act as sensors of oxidative stress e
#New Cell Structure Finding Might Lead to Novel Cancer Therapies University of Warwick scientists in the U k. say they have discovered a cell structure
A cell needs to share chromosomes accurately when it divides otherwise the two new cells can end up with the wrong number of chromosomes (aneuploidy)
which has been linked to a range of tumors in different body organs. The mitotic spindle is responsible for sharing the chromosomes
and the researchers at the university believe that the mesh is needed to give structural support.
and cells had trouble sharing chromosomes during division. According to Emma Smith, Ph d.,from Cancer Research UK, his early research provides the first glimpse of a structure that helps share out a cell's chromosomes correctly
when it divides, and it might be a crucial insight into why this process becomes faulty in cancer
and metabolic gene expression in breast cancer patients,"explained Dr. Lee.""These results highlight that 14-3-3s is an important regulator of tumor metabolism,
both on its own and when linked with other molecules responsible for turning genes off, thereby regulating gene expression.
and was the first organism to have its entire genome mapped. It is inexpensive to cultivate,
"Our new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering."
#Merck-Newlink Genetics Ebola Vaccine Shows 100%Efficacy in Phase III Trial Merck & co. and Newlink Genetics said today that a single dose of their Ebola vaccine candidate rvsv
and licensed to Newlink Genetics. To produce the vaccine, the vesicular stomatitis virus was weakened by removing a gene
during the West Africa outbreak of Ebola, Merck licensed exclusive rights to rvsv-ZEBOV from Newlink Genetics.
In February, Newlink Genetics said it received $20 million from Merck for achieving a key clinical development milestone.
Joining Merck, Newlink Genetics, and the Public health Agency of Canada in helping conduct the studies have been NIH and its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases,
Newlink Genetics released interim results on rvsv-ZEBOV the same day it disclosed its latest quarterly results.
#PCR Makes the Jump to Light speed The amplification of minute amounts of genetic material is the cornerstone of every molecular biology laboratory
whose genetic errors give rise to weaker defences against infections. The result is engineered a genetically virus with the ability to grow in cancer cells and blow them up from the inside.
and has understood a well genome that maps well to ours. It's also very small at around 2. 5 mm in length
and drugs when triggered remotely The field of optogenetics where individual brains cells are made to behave differently
The team's latest research into Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal cancer was published in the journal Nature Genetics.
The scientists were trying to take the long-winding road from genetics to biology, which proved to be tedious and difficult.
#New gene therapy could rewire the eye to help blind people see Scientists might be able to change the cells in blind people eyes,
Now, scientists hope that they can use gene therapy to transform nerves in the eye to replace those lost photoreceptors.
It is part of a new field called optogenetics which uses molecules from algae or other microorganisms that respond to light,
Optogenetics is a form of gene therapy and works by changing the makeup of the damaged cells.
it is not likely to cause the same kind of ethical and practical problems that blight work on other forms of gene therapy.
The first project to utilise Optalysys technology starts next month in collaboration with The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC) to build a genetic search system called GENESYS that will perform large-scale DNA sequence searches.
Bacteria often grab genes from other organisms and incorporate that DNA into their own genomes.
and the cholera bacterium absorbs the freed genetic material. The 9 Deadliest Viruses On earth Making these spikes in itself isn't that unusual,
whose genomes had previously been sequenced. The researchers focused on the part of the VIRAL DNA that codes for the proteins that appear on the virus'surfaces,
Also, viruses with small genomes may be harder for the test to find, Kula said. The study was funded by the Howard hughes medical institute,
The hope is that this new application of optogenetics to voluntary muscles will help in medical research
Here we show direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (Chr2.
We demonstrate the utility of this approach by selectively stimulating with a light guide individual intralaryngeal muscles in explanted larynges from Chr2-transgenic mice,
Furthermore, systemic injection of adeno-associated virus into wild-type mice provides sufficient Chr2 expression for optogenetic opening of the vocal cords.
Thus, direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle generates large force and provides the distinct advantage of localized
and deposited onto a spinal cord lesion in glial fibrillary acidic protein-luc transgenic mice (GFAP-luc mice). Overexpression of GFAP is an indicator of astrogliosis/neuroinflammation in CNS injury.
because it was developed originally for studying optogenetics, a technique that uses genetic modification to make some cells sensitive to light
since optogenetics is only practical for researchers studying biological processes. Yet, in laboratory studies, the combination of the two factors can help identify which compounds are promising neurological drug candidates.
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
News and information Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th,
2015discoveries Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency: A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly
and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th, 2015sweet nanoparticles target stroke March 12th,
Study sheds light on why foreign STEM students stay in US or return home March 11th, 2015announcements Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th,
2015interviews/Book reviews/Essays/Reports/Podcasts/Journals/White papers Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state March 12th,
#Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency: A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly
and links these packaging differences to stem cell state Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency:
A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state Abstract:
In 1953 Watson and Crick first published the discovery of the double helix structure of the DNA.
Techniques, such as electron microscopy, allowed scientists to identify nucleosomes, the first and most basic level of chromosome organisation.
Until now it was known that our DNA is packaged by regular repeating units of those nucleosomes throughout the genome giving rise to chromatin.
which, packaged together, form our genome. This study was possible thanks to the use of super-resolution microscopy,
In combination with innovative quantitative approaches and numerical simulations, they were also able to define the genome architecture at the nanoscale.
A study using Super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly and links these packaging differences to stem cell state.
A multidisciplinary approach allowed scientists to view and even count, for the first time, the smallest units for packaging our genome.
ICFO/CRG Super-resolution microscopes reveal the link between genome packaging and cell pluripotency: A study using super-resolution microscopy reveals that our genome is packaged not regularly
and links these packaging differences to stem cell state Barcelona, Spain Posted on March 12th, 2015 Biologists and physicists have been working together to take a step forward in chromatin fibre observations and studies."
Even though all the cells in our body have the same genetic information, they are not expressing all the genes at the same time.
or less accessible to the molecule that reads the genome: the RNA polymerase. Depending on the specialisation of the cells,
and allows us to determine the gene expression of those highly mobile cells in comparison to the less mobile ones.
proteins and genetic materials to attack tumors on several fronts from within the brain,"said Julia Ljubimova, MD, Phd,
4-D printing to advance chemistry, materials sciences and defense capabilities June 18th, 2015cancer First full genome of a living organism assembled using technology the size of smartphone June 15th,
and deposited onto a spinal cord lesion in Glial fibrillary acidic protein-luc Transgenic mices (GFAP-luc mice). Overexpression of GFAP is an indicator of astrogliosis/neuroinflammation in CNS injury.
including moving molecules around the interior of a cell or copying DNA into another form of genetic material, RNA.
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics-like catheters-in the human body.
and allows us to determine the gene expression of those highly mobile cells in comparison to the less mobile ones.
and using nucleic acids bears a risk for accidental genome editing. These methods are also toxic,
preventing highly accurate optogenetic control. Postdoctoral fellow Fuun Kawano, Associate professor Moritoshi Sato and their research group at the Graduate school of Arts
and to conduct gene therapy at any tissue in living organisms n
#Trees are source for high-capacity, soft and elastic batteries (Nanowerk News) A method for making elastic high-capacity batteries from wood pulp was unveiled by researchers in Sweden and the US.
The electrical signals used in electronics are replaced by molecular signals that control gene expression. It is thus now possible to implant simple genetic"programmes"into living cells in response to different combinations of molecules.
#Complex, large-scale genome analysis made easier Researchers at EMBL-EBI have developed a new approach to studying the effect of multiple genetic variations on different traits.
The new algorithm, published in Nature Methods("Efficient set tests for the genetic analysis of correlated traits),
"makes it possible to perform genetic analysis of up to 500,000 individuals-and many traits-at the same time. The relationship between genes and specific traits is complicated more than simple one-to-one relationships between genes and diseases.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show that many genetic factors are at play for any given trait
but scientists are just beginning to explore how, specifically, genetic variations affect health and disease. Two major statistical challenges to finding these connections involve analysing associations between many different genetic variants and multiple traits,
and can explain a larger proportion of these traits in terms of the genetics that drive them."
and uncover new insights into the genetics behind our countless biological processes
#Hooked on phonons: Researchers measure graphene vibrations (Nanowerk News) An international research group led by scientists at the National Institute of Standards
or have long-term environmental effects like GMOS, affirms Ursula Hudson, member of the Executive Committee of Slow food International l
To do so, IME engineered new genetic processes for the efficient integration of large gene clusters in the Clostridium genome.
for example as gene therapy to suppress the production of a disease-causing protein n
#Photonic crystal fibre: a multipurpose sensor Glass fibres can do more than transport data. A special type of glass fibre can also be used as a high-precision multipurpose sensor,
Ralstonia, a genus of bacteria containing numerous soil-borne pathogen species; and Staphylococcus epidermis, a bacterium that can cause harmful biofilms on plastics like catheters in the human body.
#New cell division mechanism discovered (Nanowerk News) Canadian and British researchers have discovered that chromosomes play an active role in animal cell division.
Their findings were published today in Nature("Kinetochore-localized PP1SDS22 couples chromosome segregation to polar relaxation").
and it was unknown until now that chromosomes could play an active role at this step in cytokinesis.
the separation of chromosomes followed by splitting of the cell into two new daughter cells by cytokinesis."
called microtubules, were involved in pulling chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during the division process.
At this time, microtubules physically separate the chromosomes via their central kinetochores while other microtubules signal to the cortex of the cell where its equator is, i e.,
it was believed that the chromosomes only played a passive role: that they were pulled by the microtubules
Chromosomes active role Initially working with the cells of fruit flies using powerful genetic tools and sophisticated microscopy,
the research team discovered that chromosomes emit signals that influence the cortex of the cell to reinforce microtubule action.
"When chromosomes are segregated, they approach the membrane at the poles of the cell, and thanks to this enzymes actions, this contributes to the softening of the polar membrane,
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