Semiconductors

Compound semiconductor (22)
Magnetic semiconductor (103)
Organic semiconductor (69)
Semiconductor (719)
Wide-bandgap semiconductor (25)

Synopsis: Domenii: Electronics: Electronics generale: Electronics branches: Semiconductors:

#says Huang Deray, former director of Hsinchu Science Park, home to 400 hi-tech companies and a world leader in semiconductor manufacturing."

create housings for the company revolutionary gallium nitride transmitters, and fabricate fins for guided artillery shells.

and the plastic connectors, the semiconductors for processors, and the energetics and propulsion systems. The hard part is then making the connections between these components,

who developed the detector using a photosensitive layer of nonpolar gallium nitride (Gan) on a substrate of lithium aluminate (Lialo2).

since a semiconductor and a metal couldn t coexist at the nanoscale at high density Kono says.

That structure can then be coated with a thin layer of just about any kind of material#a metal an alloy a glass a semiconductor etc.

Based on his designs The french semiconductor manufacturer STMICROELECTRONICS fabricated 100 of these radios-on-a-chip.

which Yakobson says keeps them from slipping into a less-stable Peierls distortion. eierls said one-dimensional metals are unstable and must become semiconductors

because there are two driving factors. ne the Peierls distortion ants to open the gap that makes it a semiconductor.

It consists of a layer of cadmium sulfide a semiconductor that is laid on top of a sheet of silver with a layer of magnesium fluoride in the middle.

This quality increases the interaction of the molecules with natural surface defects on the semiconductor.

The device works by detecting the increased intensity in the light signal that occurs as a result of this interaction. e think that higher electron deficiency of explosives leads to a stronger interaction with the semiconductor sensorsays study co-lead author Sadao

##and using the optical gain from the semiconductor to amplify the light energy. The amplified sensor creates a much stronger signal than the passive plasmon sensors currently available

Collecting sunlight using these tiny colloidal quantum dots depends on two types of semiconductors: n-type which are rich in electrons and p-type

and semiconductors are known to be fundamentally important in processes such as plant photosynthesis and optical communications that are the basis for the internet and cable TV.

or zinc sulfide at the scorching temperatures of 450 degrees Fahrenheit found on GJ 1214b. ou would expect very different kinds of clouds to form than you would expect say on Earthkreidberg says.

The researchers led by Suman Datta professor of electrical engineering tuned the material composition of the indium gallium arsenide/gallium arsenide antimony

much as the ability to grow silicon in perfect crystalline arrangements made possible the multibillion-dollar semiconductor industry. irkin s

The team previously reported the first observation of superfluorescence in a solid-state system by strongly exciting semiconductor quantum wells in high magnetic fields.

However electrons and holes in semiconductors are charged particles so they interact more strongly than atoms

The quantum well as before consisted of stacked blocks of an indium gallium arsenide compound separated by barriers of gallium arsenide. t s a unique solid-state environment where many-body effects completely dominate the dynamics of the systemkono says. hen a strong magnetic field is applied electrons

The self-healing electrode which is made from silicon microparticles that are used widely in the semiconductor

#Solvent safely turns semiconductors into ink University of Southern California rightoriginal Studyposted by Robert Perkins-USC on November 13 2013a new solvent can dissolve semiconductors safely and at room temperature.

Once dissolved the semiconductor solution can be applied as a thin film to substrates like glass and silicon.

Once heated the solvent evaporates leaving behind only a high-quality film of crystalline semiconductor##perfect for use in electronics. t s inexpensive and easily scalablesays Richard Brutchey a chemistry professor at the University of Southern

ur chemical understanding of the solvent system and how it works should allow us to expand it to the dissolution of a wide range of materials. hile the technology already exists to rintelectronics using semiconductor nksat room temperature the problem until now is that the only substance that could effectively dissolve semiconductors

Brutchey and David Webber of USC mixed two compounds to create the new solvent that effectively dissolves a class of semiconductors known as chalcogenides. hen the two compounds work together they do something quite remarkablesays Brutchey.

and 12-ethylenediamine (a colorless liquid that smells like ammonia) is able to effectively dissolve a series of nine semiconductors made from combinations of arsenic antimony bismuth sulfur selenium and tellurium.

Such semiconductors are used often in lasers optics and infrared detectors. The National Science Foundation and USC funded the work.

and earth-abundant elements unlike compound semiconductor materials currently used in efficient thin-film solar cell technology. he research was supported by the Energy Commercialization Institute of Ben Franklin Technology Partners the Department of energy's Office of Basic Sciences

According to Seshadri all of the recent advances in solid-state lighting have come from devices based on gallium nitride LEDS a technology that is largely credited to UC Santa barbara materials professor Shuji Nakamura who invented the first high-brightness

#Photon detector is quantum leap from semiconductors A new superconducting detector array can measure the energy of individual photons.

of physics at University of California Santa barbara. n a pixel-per-pixel basis it s a quantum leap from semiconductor detectors;

it s as big a leap going from film to semiconductors as it is going from semiconductors to these superconductors.

and other semiconductor-based detectors for the optical and near-IR have started to hit fundamental limits in their per-pixel performancemazin adds. hey ve gotten about as good as they can get in a given pixel.

A typical solar cell has a silicon semiconductor that absorbs sunlight directly and converts it into electrical energy.

But silicon semiconductors only respond to infrared light. Higher energy light waves including most of the visible light spectrum are wasted as heat

But until now it hasn t been clear that CNTS a semiconductor material could fulfill those expectations. here is no question that this will get the attention of researchers in the semiconductor community

and its cousins. uch concerns arise from the demands that designers place upon semiconductors and their fundamental workhorse unit those on-off switches known as transistors.

Depending on how the CNTS grow a fraction of these carbon nanotubes can end up behaving like metallic wires that always conduct electricity instead of acting like semiconductors that can be switched off.

Then they pumped the semiconductor circuit full of electricity. All of that electricity concentrated in the metallic nanotubes

Though it could take years to mature the Stanford approach points toward the possibility of industrial-scale production of carbon nanotube semiconductors according to Naresh Shanbhag a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

The new approach could have applications for the semiconductor and magnetic storage industries. Researchers were able to increase the resolution of their intricate structure fabrication from approximately 200 nanometers to approximately 15 nanometers.

#One benefit of the electrically driven polariton laser is it only needs to be attached to a power supply to emit photons allowing it to be integrated easily with existing semiconductor chips in the future.

and requires constant cooling by liquid helium to prevent the excitons inside the gallium arsenide semiconductors from being pulled apart by thermal energy.

#We re hoping we can replace conventional semiconductor lasers with these polariton lasers in the future#Kim says.#

Existing infrared detectors use cryogenically cooled semiconductors or thermal detectors known as microbolometers in which changes in electrical resistance can be correlated to temperatures.

#Ambiq Micro has made a chip that consumes 10 times less energy Ambiq Micro, a semiconductor company in Austin,

and no moving parts to break and since the TEG is made from solid state semiconductor elements,

and more organic designs for CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) sensors and other photodetectors used in cameras.

Previous research has turned up some unsettling results including that silver nanoparticles can materially alter a person's immunity and that titanium dioxide nanoparticles cause systemic genetic damage in mice.

The breakthrough is in the new system's ability to bind titanium dioxide (Tio2) a photocatalyst that reacts under ultraviolet light.

A semiconductor controls the process, allowing the electrode to heat and cool quickly. It s also completely safe,

By integrating a basket of public Iot semiconductor companies (highlighted by Goldman sachs; note: Making S-E-N-s-E of the next mega-trend) with Google Trends data containing the phraseiot,

According to the semiconductor industry s roadmap transistors at that point must have features as small as five nanometers to keep up with the continuous miniaturization of computer chips.

says However, for now IBM s nanotube effort remains within its research labs, not its semiconductor business unit.

and has devised processes that should be amenable to the semiconductor industry. Via Technology Revie e

and goggles who handle fragile nanotechnology equipment at a high-tech semiconductor lab. The long effort has yielded the Ostendo Quantum Photonic Imager, an appropriately sci-fi-sounding name,

from living cells to semiconductors, mixing and matching the nkswith precision? Jennifer Lewis, a materials scientist at Harvard university, is developing the chemistry

The researchers say this could be used as a self-healing adhesive to repair defective semiconductor chips, for example.

The successful maser demonstration represents a breakthrough in efforts to build a quantum computer out of semiconductor materials.

which is entanglement between quantum bits in semiconductor-based devices, "said collaborator Jacob Taylor, an adjunct assistant professor at the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland-National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Hong and his colleagues used a technique that is well known in the semiconductor industry chemical vapour deposition.

"Hong thinks that graphene's most promising application will be to replace the silicon-based materials used in semiconductor technologies.

First, arrange microscopic flecks of gold on a semiconductor background. Using the gold as seeds,

The promise starts with the novel semiconductor#a combination of indium and phosphorus that absorbs much of the light from the sun (a property known as its band gap).

At the same time the novel cells could be built into so-called multijunction solar cells#compound devices that incorporate several different types of semiconductor material in layers like a sandwich to absorb as much of the energy in sunlight as possible.

made from a semiconductor material, commonly cadmium selenide. They are so tiny that their shape

Whereas a bulk semiconductor is limited to emitting a single colour of light researchers can tune the precise colour a quantum dot will absorb

later it may target the laser, semiconductor and solar-cell industries. He realizes that, by selling the system,

a voltage at the transistor s gate terminal allows current to flow through a semiconductor inside the device.

If the semiconductor is small enough#a nanoparticle, for example#a single electron can switch the transistor on,

but most require very low temperatures#otherwise, the electrons gather enough energy to tunnel through the semiconductor,

Quantum dots are light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals that can be tuned by changing their size, nanometer by nanometer to emit all colors across the visible spectrum.

This behavior is similar to that of traditional semiconductors such as silicon and germanium. But if the graphene starts out with high electron concentration the pulse decreases its conductivity the same way that a metal usually behaves.

Our experiment reveals that the cause of photoconductivity in graphene is very different from that in a normal metal or semiconductors,

and semiconductor circuits has been understood theoretically for decades. But exciton movement within materials has never been observed directly.

changing it from a conductor to a semiconductor just by changing the laser beam polarization. Normally, to produce such dramatic changes in a material properties,

are made of metals, semiconductors, and glass, and can damage nearby tissues during ordinary movement. t a big problem in neural prosthetics,

The prototype chip was manufactured through the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's University Shuttle Program. Ups and downs The circuit chief function is to regulate the voltages between the solar cell, the battery,

#Making the new silicon An exotic material called gallium nitride (Gan) is poised to become the next semiconductor for power electronics,

But Gan and other nonsilicon semiconductors are manufactured also in special processes, which are expensive. To drop costs, the MIT researchers at the Institute and, later, with the company developed new fabrication technologies,

and n-type semiconductors silicon that has either more positive or more negative charge carriers. The junctions between p-and n-type semiconductors are the building blocks of electronic devices.

Put together in sequence these p-n junctions form transistors which can in turn be combined into integrated circuits microchips and processors.

what p-n junctions and complementary circuitry has done for the current state-of-the-art semiconductor electronics. What's even more exciting are the enabling of optoelectronics using graphene

This ability would represent an advantage over chemically doped semiconductors. Once the atomic impurities are mixed into the material to change its carrier density they can't be removed.

but semiconductors allow a measure of control over those electrons. Since modern electronics are all about control,

Writing in IEEE Spectrum on Monday Prachi Patel similarly made note that Quantum dots (QDS) are light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals that used in light-emitting diodes (LEDS) hold the promise of brighter faster displays.

#Stacking two-dimensional materials may lower cost of semiconductor devices A team of researchers led by North carolina State university has found that stacking materials that are only one atom thick can create semiconductor junctions that transfer charge efficiently regardless of

This work demonstrates that by stacking multiple two-dimensional (2-D) materials in random ways we can create semiconductor junctions that are as functional as those with perfect alignment says Dr. Linyou Cao senior author of a paper on the work

For most semiconductor electronic or photonic devices to work they need to have a junction

which is where two semiconductor materials are bound together. For example in photonic devices like solar cells lasers and LEDS the junction is where photons are converted into electrons or vice versa.

All semiconductor junctions rely on efficient charge transfer between materials to ensure that current flows smoothly

To do that in conventional semiconductor junctions the crystalline structures of both materials need to match.

And that limited number of material matches restricts the complexity and range of possible functions for semiconductor junctions.

We used molybdenum sulfide and tungsten sulfide for this experiment but this is a fundamental discovery that we think applies to any 2-D semiconductor material.

or more semiconductor materials and you can stack them randomly but still get efficient charge transfer between the materials.

Currently creating semiconductor junctions means perfectly matching crystalline structures between materials -which requires expensive equipment sophisticated processing methods and user expertise.

Researchers capture microimages of micropillar P/N junctions on a semiconductor More information: Nano Letters pubs. acs. org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl503817 7

This shows that we can use 3-D printing to create complex electronics including semiconductors said Mcalpine an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering.

The geometry of a nanoparticle is often as influential as its chemical makeup in determining how it behaves from its catalytic properties to its potential as a semiconductor component.

They have demonstrated for the first time the on-demand emission of electron pairs from a semiconductor quantum dot and verified their subsequent splitting into two separate conductors.

As an electron source the physicists from Leibniz University Hannover and from PTB used so-called semiconductor single-electron pumps.

This is an important step towards the envisioned generation and separation of entangled electron pairs in semiconductor components s

The researchers took a page from the paper industry using one of its processes to make a flat mesh out of light-absorbing semiconductor nanowires that

Reproducible synthesis of gallium nitride nanowires with controlled size and location on silicon substrates. The result was achieved by improving selective wire-growth processes to produce one nanowire of controlled diameter per mask-grid opening over a range of diameters from 100 nm to 200 nm.

The researchers combined semiconductor nanorods and carbon nanotubes to create a wireless light-sensitive flexible film that could potentially replace a damaged retina.

and semiconductor nanorod film will serve as a compact replacement for damaged retinas. We are still far away from actually replacing the damaged retina said Dr. Bareket.

Making the solid-state device is just like making a sandwich just with ultra high-tech semiconductor tools used to slice

First they made a sandwich composed of two metal electrodes separated by a two-nanometer thick insulating layer (a single nanometer is 10000 times smaller than a human hair) made by using a semiconductor technology called atomic layer deposition.

It turns out that previous tests indicating that some nanoparticles can damage our DNA may have been skewed by inadvertent light exposure in the lab. Nanoparticles made of titanium dioxide are a common ingredient in paint

However, some recent studies using cells suggest that titanium dioxide can damage DNA even in darkness disturbing possibility.

"The NIST team exposed samples of DNA to titanium dioxide nanoparticles under three different conditions: Some samples were exposed in the presence of visible

"The results suggest that titanium dioxide nanoparticles do not damage DNA when kept in the dark,

Quantum dots are light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals that can be tuned by changing their size, nanometer by nanometer to emit all colors across the visible spectrum.

The high-energy plasma can deposit highly transparent and conductive thin films create high quality semiconductors and pattern micro-or nanoscale devices thus making the display images brighter and clearer.

which cover conductive titanium dioxide particles. The dyes absorb photons and produce electrons that flow out of the cell for use;

titanium dioxide and light-capturing organic dye particles, the largest cells were only 350 microns thickhe equivalent of about two sheets of papernd could be flexed easily and repeatedly.

#New way to move atomically thin semiconductors for use in flexible devices Researchers from North carolina State university have developed a new way to transfer thin semiconductor films

Mos2 is an inexpensive semiconductor material with electronic and optical properties similar to materials already used in the semiconductor industry.

"A nonlinear material, such a cadmium sulfide, can change the frequency, and thus the color, of light that passes through it,

the researchers needed a way to amplify the intensity of a light wave as it passed through a cadmium sulfide nanowire.

so that light is contained mostly within the cadmium sulfide rather than at the interface between it and the silver shell,

"The frequency-changing efficiency of cadmium sulfide is intrinsic to the material, but it depends on the volume of the material the wave passes through,

It's old news that the semiconductor industry is starting to run up against physical limits to the decades-long trend of ever-denser integrated chips with smaller and smaller feature sizes,

"The issue in semiconductor lithography is not really making small featuresou can do thatut you can't pack them close together,

The global market for graphene is reported to have reached US$9 million this year with most sales concentrated in the semiconductor electronics battery energy and composites.

One property that distinguishes these materials from traditional semiconductors like silicon is that they are mechanically flexible.

Electronics based on carbon especially carbon nanotubes (CNTS) are emerging as successors to silicon for making semiconductor materials.

which are made from layers of semiconductors materials that act like a cross between a conductor and an insulator the electrical properties

As the main enabling technology of the semiconductor industry CMOS fabrication of silicon chips approaches fundamental limits, the TUM researchers and collaborators at the University of Notre dame are exploring"magnetic computing"as an alternative.

"All players in the semiconductor business benefit from one industry-wide cooperative effort: developing long-range"roadmaps"that chart potential pathways to common technological goals.

In the most recent issue of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, nanomagnetic logic is given serious consideration among a diverse zoo of"emerging research devices."

Semiconductors and insulators derive their electrical properties from a gap between the highest band occupied by electrons known as the valence band

#Solar cell compound probed under pressure Gallium arsenide Gaas a semiconductor composed of gallium and arsenic is well known to have physical properties that promise practical applications.

Fine-tuning of this band gap has the potential to improve gallium arsenide's commercial potential. There are different methods available to engineer slight tweaks to the band gap.

It had already been demonstrated on nanowires made from one crystalline form of gallium arsenide the cubic so-called zincblende structure that the band gap widens under pressure.

The team subjected wurtzite gallium arsenide to up to about 227000 times normal atmospheric pressure (23 gigapascals) in diamond anvil cells.

Significantly they discovered that around 207000 times normal atmospheric pressure (21 gigapascals) the wurtzite gallium arsenide nanowires underwent a structural change that induced a new phase the so-called orthorhombic one

but resulting in significant differences in the size of the'band gap'between the two crystalline structures of gallium arsenide suggests that both types of Gaas structures could theoretically be incorporated into a single device

We believe these findings will stimulate further research into gallium arsenide for both basic scientific and practical purposes s

Silicon nanoparticles such as those in RM 8027 are being studied as alternative semiconductor materials for next-generation photovoltaic solar cells and solid-state lighting,

#Self-organized indium arsenide quantum dots for solar cells Kouichi Yamaguchi is recognized internationally for his pioneering research on the fabrication and applications of'semiconducting quantum dots'(QDS.

Gallium nitride micro-rods grown on graphene substrates Bendy light-emitting diode (LED) displays and solar cells crafted with inorganic compound semiconductor micro-rods are moving one step closer to reality thanks to graphene and the work of a team of researchers in Korea.

Currently most flexible electronics and optoelectronics devices are fabricated using organic materials. But inorganic compound semiconductors such as gallium nitride (Gan) can provide plenty of advantages over organic materials for use in these devices#including superior optical electrical and mechanical properties.

One major obstacle that has prevented so far the use of inorganic compound semiconductors in these types of applications was the difficulty of growing them on flexible substrates.

In the journal APL Materials from AIP Publishing a team of Seoul National University (SNU) researchers led by Professor Gyu-Chul Yi describes their work growing Gan micro-rods

and hydrogen by combining these proteins with titanium dioxide and platinum and then exposing them to ultraviolet light.

titanium dioxide only reacts in the presence of ultraviolet light, which makes up a mere four percent of the total solar spectrum.

and connect with the titanium dioxide catalyst: in short, a material like graphene. Graphene is a super strong, super light, near totally transparent sheet of carbon atoms and one of the best conductors of electricity ever discovered.

Electrons from this reaction are transmitted to the titanium dioxide on which these two materials are anchored, making the titanium dioxide sensitive to visible light.

Simultaneously, light from the green end of the solar spectrum triggers the br protein to begin pumping protons along its membrane.

which sit on top of the titanium dioxide. Hydrogen is produced by the interaction of the protons and electrons as they converge on the platinum.

The researchers then patterned graphene devices using semiconductor processing techniques before attaching a number of bioreceptor molecules to the graphene devices.

therefore firmly establishes correlated oxides as promising semiconductors for future three-dimensional integrated circuits as well as for adaptive, tunable photonic devices.

which is a foundational step in the use of any semiconductor, "says Ramanathan. Doping is the process of introducing different atoms into the crystal structure of a material,

That's a fundamentally different approach than is used in other semiconductors. The traditional method changes the energy level to meet the target;

That structure can then be coated with a thin layer of just about any kind of material metal, an alloy, a glass, a semiconductor, etc.

#Doped graphene nanoribbons with potential Graphene is a semiconductor when prepared as an ultra-narrow ribbon although the material is actually a conductive material.

which enables semiconductors to be in an insulating state. The problem however is that the bandgap in graphene is extremely small.

and negative charges across different regions of the semiconductor crystal thereby creating the basic structure allowing the development of many components used in the semiconductor industry.

Transferring graphene nanoribbons onto other substratesin addition the scientists have solved another key issue for the integration of graphene nanotechnology into conventional semiconductor industry:

Graphene is thus increasingly emerging as an interesting semiconductor material and a welcome addition to the omnipresent silicon.

#Team develops ultra sensitive biosensor from molybdenite semiconductor Move over graphene. An atomically thin two-dimensional ultrasensitive semiconductor material for biosensing developed by researchers at UC Santa barbara promises to push the boundaries of biosensing technology in many fields from health care to environmental protection to forensic industries.

Based on molybdenum disulfide or molybdenite (Mos2) the biosensor materialsed commonly as a dry lubricanturpasses graphene's already high sensitivity offers better scalability

Semiconductor materials have a small but nonzero band gap and can be switched between conductive and insulated states controllably.

Enter Mos2 a material already making waves in the semiconductor world for the similarities it shares with graphene including its atomically thin hexagonal structure and planar nature as well as

act like a semiconductor. Monolayer or few-layer Mos2 have a key advantage over graphene for designing an FET biosensor:

At present the scientific community worldwide is actively seeking practical applications of 2d semiconductor materials such as Mos2 nanosheets.

In bulk Mos2 electrons and photons interact as they would in traditional semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide.

Scientists from NIST's Physical Measurement Laboratory, led by the Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division's David Gundlach and Curt Richter,

and how long does it take to get the photogenerated charge through the semiconductor mixture to the electrodes?

which use inexpensive organic semiconductor materials sandwiched between two metal electrodes. OP devices can be made flexible and easily portable.

and carrier concentrations with an accurate nanoscale picture of the semiconductor film's microstructure really gives a complete picture of how the device operates and

"And since the physical process governing organic photovoltaics is very similar to other organic semiconductors (organic light-emitting diodes, for example,

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