| Catalytic activity (25) |  |
| Chemotherapy drug (40) | |
| Macromolecule (10) | |
| Monolayer (79) | |
| Catalytic activity (25) | |
| Chemotherapy drug (40) | |
| Macromolecule (10) | |
| Monolayer (79) | |
or impaired catalytic activity. When the scientists corrected a loss-of-function PKC mutation in the genome of a colon cancer cell line
and the blockbuster chemotherapy drugs that gave you all those nasty side effects will be a thing of the past
But this would need technological breakthroughs such as the ability to grow larger-scale uniform monolayer graphene films
Another month in the hospital on intensive chemotherapy drugs did nothing to help. By the time the man started the trial,
Testing their new approach in mice the researchers found that the chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ) was more effective
For the new brain study the researchers delivered chemotherapy drugs via implantable microcapsules made of a biocompatible material called liquid crystal polymer.
because it is so difficult to get chemotherapy drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. This could potentially positively impact patients lives says Lim who was involved not in the study.
treatment with cisplatin a small-molecule standard-care chemotherapy drug; treatment#with nanoparticles carrying both mir-34a and sikras;
or more different chemotherapy drugs in hopes that a multipronged attack will be more successful than a single drug.
and help doctors predict how a given patient will respond to chemotherapy drugs. The new test, described in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the week of April 21, can analyze four types of DNA repair capacity simultaneously, in less than 24 hours.
Such a test could also be used to predict patientsresponse to chemotherapy drugs, which often work by damaging cancer cellsdna,
#Resistance is futile Cisplatin is given a chemotherapy drug to more than half of all cancer patients. The drug kills cells very effectively by damaging nuclear DNA but if tumors become resistant to cisplatin they often grow back.
From metals to drugsthe researchers now hope to explore mitochondrial-targeted cisplatin s potential use as a chemotherapy drug by testing it in animals.
After depositing a monolayer of 8-nanometer particles in the template they used scanning electron microscopy to identify any emergent width-dependent patterns.
The discovery makes monolayers of graphene and its sister material boron nitride attractive for possible uses as proton-conducting membranes
or monolayer boron nitride can allow the existing membranes to become thinner and more efficient with less fuel crossover and poisoning.
It also carries the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin in a prodrug form. The natural fluorescence of the polymer assists with diagnosis and monitoring of therapy as it shows where nanoparticles have accumulated.
and the chemotherapy drug that is released within them (see image). This is the first nanoplatform that can offer on-demand
Monolayer or few-layer Mos2 have a key advantage over graphene for designing an FET biosensor:
or monolayer, materials molybdenum diselenide and tungsten diselenide that have very similar structures, which was key to creating the composite two-dimensional semiconductor.
"The researchers have demonstrated already that the junction interacts with light much more strongly than the rest of the monolayer,
MX2 monolayers consist of a single layer of transition metal atoms, such as molybdenum (Mo) or tungsten (W), sandwiched between two layers of chalcogen atoms,
and high catalytic activity that make them excellent candidates for industrial catalysts. Now, researchers in Singapore have developed a simple chemical process to grow uniform pentagonal nanorods composed of gold and copper.
Next, the team evaluated the catalytic activity of these goldopper nanorods in a carbonitrogen-bond-forming reactionhe direct alkylation of an amine using an alcohol."
"Our heterogeneous catalyst showed higher catalytic activity toward the C coupling reaction and better recyclability compared to commercially available catalysts,
Monolayer materials may make it possible. These atom-thin sheets including the famed super material graphene feature exceptional and untapped mechanical and electronic properties.
Fortunately researchers have pinpointed now the breaking mechanism of several monolayer materials hundreds of times stronger than steel with exotic properties that could revolutionize everything from armor to electronics.
Surprisingly the phenomenon persisted across several different materials with disparate electronic properties suggesting that monolayers may have intrinsic instabilities to be either overcome or exploited.
The results were published in the journal Physical Review B. Our calculations exposed these monolayer materials'fundamental shifts in structure
The team virtually examined this exotic phase transition in graphene boron nitride molybdenum disulfide and graphane all promising monolayer materials.
Monolayer materials experience strain on atomic scales demanding different investigative expertise than that of the average demolition crew.
Without the highly parallel supercomputing resources and expertise at Brookhaven it would have been nearly impossible to pinpoint this transition in strained monolayers.
Monolayer materials it turns out play by very different rules. Within the honeycomb-like lattices of monolayers like graphene boron nitride and graphane the atoms rapidly vibrate in place.
Different vibrational states which dictate many of the mechanical properties of the material are called modes.
As the perfect hexagonal structures of such monolayers are strained they enter a subtle soft mode the vibrating atoms slip free of their original configurations
The researchers found that this vibrational soft mode caused lingering unstable distortions in most of the known monolayer materials.
As the monolayers were strained the energetic cost of changing the bond lengths became significantly weaker in other words under enough stress the emergent soft mode encourages the atoms to rearrange themselves into unstable configurations.
This in turn dictates how one might control that strain and tune monolayer performance. Our work demonstrates that the soft mode failure mechanism is not unique to graphene
and suggests it might be an intrinsic feature of monolayer materials Isaacs said. Armed with this knowledge researchers may now be able to figure out how to delay the onset of the newly characterized instabilities
and improve the strength of existing monolayers. Beyond that scientists may even be able to engineer new ultra-strong materials that anticipate
Ideal strength and phonon instability of strained monolayer materials. Phys. Rev. B 89 184111#Published 28 may 2014. journals. aps. org/prb/abstract/3/Physrevb. 89.18411 1
excellent catalytic activity; and reusability in carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reactions with 100%conversion efficiency.
"The research results demonstrated that this new technology shows high stability, dispersibility, catalytic activity, and reusability in water, which other existing metal nanoparticles on solid supports have not been able to do,
the scientists demonstrated their ability to achieve differently structured monolayers, from a viscous fluid-like array to a more tightly woven cross-linked elastic meshnd switch between those different statesy varying the strength of the pairing between COMPLEMENTARY DNA strands
the particles form a rather loosely arrayed free-floating viscous monolayer. Adding salt changes the interactions
They also transferred the monolayer produced at each salt concentration to a solid surface so they could visualize it using electron microscopy at the CFN."
"Creating these particle monolayers at a liquid interface is very convenient and effective because the particles'two-dimensional structure is very'fluid
and electron microscopy imaging we could confirm that the transfer can be done with minimal disruption to the monolayer."
"The switchable nature of the monolayers might be particularly attractive for applications such as membranes used for purification and separations,
which could improve the efficacy of existing chemotherapy drugs.""It is important to understand how fork reversal
#The New Wrinkle in Graphene Is Wrinkles One of the holy grails of graphene research has been a method for achieving wafer-scale growth of wrinkle-free single-crystal monolayer graphene on a silicon wafer.
How it works The nanoparticles are prepared from molecules (synthetic macromolecules commonly called plastics) that have a protective,
or for using the eshha technique to detect things like how much of a chemotherapy drug a patient is metabolizing
and then chemically link a liposome sphere filled with a chemotherapy drug. The surface of the nanochain is modified also to penetrate
the team will add inhibitors to traditional chemotherapy drugs. For instance, Rich's lab has shown that inducible nitric acid synthase is a unique signal regulator in glioblastoma stem cells.
and mix of chemotherapy drug and inhibitor, study their effects and effectiveness in mouse models and evaluate the efficacy on human glioblastoma grafts in the models s
or a monolayer and be used in making nanoscale transistors in other electronics. The material was thought originally to be two-dimensional in nature because of the ease with
as it allows for controlled experiments that don't require flooding a patient's system with experimental chemotherapy drugs,
Normally, in his research on chemotherapy drugs, Theodorescu used a technique called RNAI, which silences various genes,
Normally, in his research on chemotherapy drugs, Theodorescu used a technique called RNAI, which silences various genes,
the commercially available chip with carboxymethylated dextran (CMD) layer and the chip covered by monolayer graphene.
however, this mechanism is limited often to the top monolayer of atoms of the crystal lattice only.
The material's greatest asset--its monolayer thickness--is also its biggest challenge. Monolayer Mos2's ultra-thin structure is strong, lightweight,
and flexible, making it a good candidate for many applications, such as high-performance, flexible electronics. Such a thin semiconducting material,
"The problem with these materials is that they are just one monolayer thick, "said Koray Aydin, assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University's Mccormick School of engineering."
Silver nanodiscs on monolayer molybdenum disulfide.""We have known that these plasmonic nanostructures have the ability to attract
the research is described in the March 2015 online issue of Nano Letters("Enhanced Light Emission from Large-Area Monolayer Mos2 Using Plasmonic Nanodisc Arrays").
Sefaatiin Tongay, assistant professor of materials science and engineering at Arizona State university, provided the large-area monolayer Mos2 material used in the study.
effectively acting as a 2-D liquid("Interactions and Stress Relaxation in Monolayers of Soft Nanoparticles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces".
"This novel material significantly enhanced catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction--the splitting of an O2 molecule into two oxygen ions--that is critical to fuel cells and potentially other electrochemical applications.
The Pt3ni nanoframe catalysts achieved a more than 36-fold and 22-fold enhancement in two different measures of catalytic activity (mass and specific activities, respectively) for the oxygen reduction reaction in comparison to state-of-the-art
resulting from the phase transition from a monolayer to a bilayer crystal structure in mono-alkylated liquid crystalline molecules may lead to the possibility of designing new materials for the burgeoning field of printed electronics."
and 120 C. Improvements in device performance plateaued above 120 C. Atomic force microscope studies of the materials identified a step structure that changed from monolayer 2. 8 nm steps to bilayer 5
the researchers concluded that crystal-to-crystal phase change from a monolayer to a bilayer structure was improved responsible for the transistor performance in annealed devices s
the commercially available chip with carboxymethylated dextran (CMD) layer and the chip covered by monolayer graphene.
and catalytic activity that is made possible by the nanowire/bacteria hybrid technology. With this approach the Berkeley team achieved a solar energy conversion efficiency of up to 0. 38-percent for about 200 hours under simulated sunlight,
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be stabilized."
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be induced,
"Decorating monolayer graphene with a layer of lithium atoms enhances the graphene's electron-phonon coupling to the point where superconductivity can be stabilized."
After initial exposure, the cells surviving the chemo make so much P-gp that it allows the cells to pump the chemotherapy drugs straight back out of the cells during subsequent rounds of treatment."
After initial exposure, the cells surviving the chemo make so much P-gp that it allows the cells to pump the chemotherapy drugs straight back out of the cells during subsequent rounds of treatment."
Wave-particle dualism with large molecules The virtual laboratories provide an insight into the fundamental understanding and into the applications of quantum mechanics with macromolecules and nanoparticles.
"By isolating the cells in a monolayer of fluid via acoustic levitation, we're providing a better method for the detection of cell stiffness,
By isolating the cells in a levitated monolayer, we hope to see these changes more clearly
chemotherapy drug used to treat leukaemia could prevent and control the growth of colorectal tumours. Colorectal cancer commonly referred to as colon cancer is one of the three most common cancers worldwide and the most common in Singapore.
and catalytic activity that is made possible by the nanowire/bacteria hybrid technology. With this approach, the Berkeley team achieved a solar energy conversion efficiency of up to 0. 38-percent for about 200 hours under simulated sunlight,
The electrons of the probe pulse scatter off the monolayer atoms (blue and yellow spheres)
and form a scattering pattern on the detector a signal the team used to determine the monolayer structure.
Extraordinary Material Properties in Two Dimensions Monolayers or 2-D materials, contain just a single layer of molecules.
But how do these monolayers acquire their unique characteristics? Until now, researchers only had limited a view of the underlying mechanisms. he functionality of 2-D materials critically depends on how their atoms move,
For example, the monolayer form is normally an insulator, but when stretched, it can become electrically conductive.
we first need to understand the structural transformations of monolayers on the atomic level, said Stanford researcher Ehren Mannebach, the study lead author.
Researchers at SLAC placed their monolayer samples which were prepared by Linyou Cao group at North carolina State university, into a beam of very energetic electrons.
and produce a signal on a detector that scientists use to determine where atoms are located in the monolayer.
In reality, the monolayer is wrinkled as shown in this room-temperature simulation. Bottom: If a laser pulse heats the monolayer up,
it sends ripples through the layer. These wrinkles, which researchers have observed now for the first time, have large amplitudes
Once scientists better understand monolayers of different materials, they could begin putting them together and engineer mixed materials with completely new optical, mechanical, electronic and chemical properties t
Meng, who is part of the Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute organized under theinstitute for Critical Technology and Applied science (ICTAS),
Currently, platinum chemotherapy drugs, like paclitaxel and carboplatin are used as a one-size-fits-all treatment for ovarian cancer patients.
or two monolayers Li says. Everywhere except the first two layers is crystalline. By contrast if the droplets were to melt to a liquid state the orderliness of the crystal structure would be eliminated entirely--like a wall tumbling into a heap of bricks.
In a two-step surface-coating process they chemically attached a monolayer of perfluorocarbon which is similar to Teflon.
In a separate study published last month in the journal PLOS ONE, Sharei and his colleagues first demonstrated that Cellsqueeze can deliver functional macromolecules into immune cells.
x Vivo Cytosolic Delivery of Functional Macromolecules to Immune Cells, PLOS One, 2015; DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone. 0118803source:
t similar with things like sugars and for much bigger macromolecules such as DNA. People will be familiar with the double helix
#Graphene-Coated Catheters May Improve Delivery of Chemotherapy drugs The research suggests that placing graphene-an extremely thin sheet of carbon atoms-on the internal surfaces of intravenous catheters commonly used to deliver chemotherapy drugs into a patient's body will improve the efficacy of treatments,
The study indicates that damaging interactions can occur between the most commonly used chemotherapy drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu),
nobody has looked ever at the chemical reaction between chemotherapy drugs and the materials they routinely come into contact with, such as catheters and needles and their coatings.
"We have shown that silver is catalytically degrading the chemotherapy drugs, which means they are probably not being delivered correctly into the patient.
We will also look to extend our experiments to include other chemotherapy drugs.""Source: http://ioppublishing. org g
We can introduce nanopores into a monolayer of graphene, push large quantities of salt water through and the salt will be rejected on the basis of size
Arizona State university and Xiamen University in China have developed a new fabrication method that minimizes the need for expensive metal to induce catalytic activity in fuel cell applications.
porous structures that induce catalytic activity within and outside the nanocages. The layers are grown on templates of palladium nanocrystal templates.
which could affect the economic viability of the fuel cells. e can get the catalytic activity we need by using only a small fraction of the platinum that had been required before,
because we don want to waste any material in the bulk that does not contribute to the catalytic activity.
so their catalytic activity can be engineered to fit different types of reactions. He further stated that hollow platinum structures have been produced previously,
As both the inner and outer layers of the porous nanocages play a vital role in catalytic activity,
which further leads to modifications in the catalytic activity. The research is focused mainly on reducing the expense of cathodes used in fuel cells that power homes and automobiles.
the researchers observed that there is a fall in the catalytic activity by slightly more than one-third after 10,000 operating cycles.
none of the alternatives has yielded the equivalent amount of catalytic activity in an equally small mass until now. f you took all of the platinum that we have available today
When SR9243 is used in combination with existing chemotherapy drugs, it increases their effectiveness, in a mechanism apart from SR9243's own cancer fighting ability, added Dr. Burris B
The researchers at first fabricated high-quality, atomically thin Fese films Fig. 1, with thickness of between one monolayer (which corresponds to three-atoms thickness) and twenty monolayers (sixty-atoms thickness
The researchers found that the Tc estimated from the gap-closing in a monolayer film is surprisingly high (above 60 K),
Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral researcher, is focused on hot-carrier propagation across monolayer graphene using a novel electrical method in a device with multiple metal leads.
such as increasing catalytic activity, reducing cathode flooding and eliminating the need for external humidification equipment. However, at higher temperatures, current electrolyte that is used in PEMFC dehydrate (becomes very dry),
when electrical current is passed through it. e were trying to make a vertically stacked light-emitting device based on monolayer Mos2,
With this technique, the multilayer Mos2 semiconductors are at least as efficient as monolayer ones. Duan team is currently moving forward to apply this approach to similar materials,
the monolayer serves as an insulating layer.""Our silica sol-gel is a hybrid material
the researchers demonstrate in a study published in Scientific Reports("Ex Vivo Cytosolic Delivery of Functional Macromolecules to Immune Cells")that B cells can be engineered to serve as an alternative.
In a separate study published last month in the journal PLOS ONE, Sharei and his colleagues first demonstrated that Cellsqueeze can deliver functional macromolecules into immune cells.
or macromolecules promises intriguing potential for many areas of biology, chemistry, and nanoscience (Nature Communications,"A Scanning Cavity Microscope").
#Chitosan coated, chemotherapy packed nanoparticles may target cancer stem cells (Nanowerk News) Nanoparticles packed with a clinically used chemotherapy drug
and encapsulating the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin can target and kill cancer stem-like cells six times more effectively than free doxorubicin.
suggesting that both modifications played a role in the enhanced catalytic activity under visible light. Eventually, the team hopes to use their findings to help break down BPA and other contaminants in water supplies."
which inhibits catalytic activity. Materials that repel water, as shown at right, where droplets form sharp,
steep boundaries, are more conducive to catalytic activity, as shown by the reactions among small orange molecules.
for applications requiring high catalytic activity, the team found, a key requirement is that the surface be hydrophobic,
it has a higher affinity for catalytic activity. Shao-Horn notes that this is an initial finding,
or infiltrated by chemotherapy drugs, they find a way to return. The ability of many brain tumors to regenerate can be traced to cancer stem cells that evade treatment and spur the growth of new tumor cells.
and while participants in the trial received flu-like side effects after the first few injections, this was far preferable to the side effects that come with chemotherapy drugs.
The researchers at first fabricated high-quality, atomically thin Fese films Fig. 1, with thickness of between one monolayer (which corresponds to three-atoms thickness) and twenty monolayers (sixty-atoms thickness),
The researchers found that the Tc estimated from the gap-closing in a monolayer film is surprisingly high (above 60 K),
While they remain among the most prescribed and most potent chemotherapy drugs, they also cause serious side effects,
'The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,
One hour later, they administered a dose of a platinum-based chemotherapy drug that had been incorporated into a nanoparticle.
showed that only 23 percent of patients lived longer than five years after failing to sustain remission with standard chemotherapy drugs.
or macromolecules promises intriguing potential for many areas of biology, chemistry, and nanoscience. Spectroscopic measurements on large ensembles of nanoparticles suffer from the fact that individual differences in size, shape,
Dr Lu's team found the optical gap for monolayer phosphorene was 1. 75 electron volts,
and an organic semiconductor known as Alq3 can be altered by coating the cobalt with a single-molecule thick layer (monolayer) that affects the electron spin states of the cobalt.
which to attach a monolayer. In the first of two separate, but complementary studies, 2 Hacker team studied the effects of adding a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) 3 to both a pure cobalt surface
The data suggest that the MHA monolayer actually etched away much of the oxidized layer from the cobalt,
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