"The device uses gold nanoparticles (microscopic particles) and glowing quantum dots. The researchers developed a novel approach for rapid and sensitive detection of surface proteins of viruses from blood samples of turkeys.
as published in Nature Nanotechnology in 2014. It has demonstrated now a key step that had remained elusive since 1998."
#Hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvester Scientists have developed a hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvesting device called a nanogenerator.
and Technology (KAIST) has developed a hyper-stretchable elastic-composite energy harvesting device called a nanogenerator. Flexible electronics have come into the market
and hyper-stretchable elastic-composite generator (SEG) using very long silver nanowire-based stretchable electrodes. Their stretchable piezoelectric generator can harvest mechanical energy to produce high power output (4 V) with large elasticity (250%)and excellent durability (over 104 cycles.
#Taking aircraft manufacturing out of the oven Aerospace engineers at MIT have developed now a carbon nanotube (CNT) film that can heat
"Wardle says the carbon nanotube film is also incredibly lightweight: After it has fused the underlying polymer layers,
Carbon nanotube deicerswardle and his colleagues have experimented with CNT films in recent years, mainly for deicing airplane wings.
If the CNT film could generate heat, why not use it to make the composite itself?
The researchers manufactured a CNT film about the size of a Post-it note, and placed the film over a square of Cycom 5320-1. They connected electrodes to the film,
or cross-link, the polymer and carbon fiber layers, finding that the CNT film used one-hundredth the electricity required for traditional oven-based methods to cure the composite.
Wardle says the results pushed the group to test the CNT film further: As different composites require different temperatures in order to fuse,
whether the CNT film could, quite literally, take the heat.""At some point, heaters fry out,
"Gregory Odegard, a professor of computational mechanics at Michigan Technological University, says the group's carbon nanotube film may go toward improving the quality and efficiency of fabrication processes for large composites, such as wings on commercial aircraft.
"has recently been published in Nature Nanotechnology. The new device that the researchers developed is capable of converting light into electricity in less than 50 femtoseconds (a twentieth of a millionth of a millionth of a second.
Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE)' s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria
and the Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute (Kavli-ENSI) at Berkeley, is one of three corresponding authors of a paper describing this research in the journal Nano Letters.
The paper is titled"Nanowire-bacteria hybrids for unassisted solar carbon dioxide fixation to value-added chemicals.""The other corresponding authors and leaders of this research are chemists Christopher Chang and Michelle Chang.
"In our system, nanowires harvest solar energy and deliver electrons to bacteria, where carbon dioxide is reduced and combined with water for the synthesis of a variety of targeted, value-added chemical products."
"By combining biocompatible light-capturing nanowire arrays with select bacterial populations, the new artificial photosynthesis system offers a win/win situation for the environment:
the morphology of the nanowire array protects the bacteria like Easter eggs buried in tall grass
"The system starts with an"artificial forest"of nanowire heterostructures, consisting of silicon and titanium oxide nanowires, developed earlier by Yang and his research group."
"Our artificial forest is similar to the chloroplasts in green plants, "Yang says.""When sunlight is absorbed, photo-excited electron?
hole pairs are generated in the silicon and titanium oxide nanowires, which absorb different regions of the solar spectrum.
"Once the forest of nanowire arrays is established, it is populated with microbial populations that produce enzymes known to selectively catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide.
"We were able to uniformly populate our nanowire array with S. ovata using buffered brackish water with trace vitamins as the only organic component."
and catalytic activity that is made possible by the nanowire/bacteria hybrid technology. With this approach the Berkeley team achieved a solar energy conversion efficiency of up to 0. 38-percent for about 200 hours under simulated sunlight,
Light-controlled molecule switching Dr. Artur Erbe, physicist at the HZDR, is convinced that in the future molecular electronics will open the door for novel and increasingly smaller--while also more energy efficient--components or sensors:"
The advantages of this molecule, approximately three nanometres in size, are that it rotates very little
and it possesses two nanowires that can be used as contacts. The diarylethene is an insulator
A computer from a test-tube A special feature of these molecular electronics is that they take place in a fluid within a test-tube,
The diarylethene needs to be attached at the end of the nanowires to electrodes so that the current can flow."
"We developed a nanotechnology at the HZDR that relies on extremely thin tips made of very few gold atoms.
and developing the molecular electronics of tomorrow are quite positive in Dresden. In addition to the HZDR, the Technische Universitt Dresden, Leibniz-Institute of Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), the Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technology and Systems (IKTS) and the Namlab ggmbh all participate in running the structured doctoral program m
#Efficient method of producing metallic nanoparticles VTT's aerosol technology reactor for nanoparticle production can generate a variety of pure metal particles, particles of various alloys and carbon-coated particles.
The reactor can efficiently produce hundreds of grammes or even kilogrammes of nanoparticles per day."
"Demand has outstripped supply in the nanoparticle markets. This has been an obstacle to the development of product applications;
We wanted to demonstrate that it was possible to produce nanomaterials in considerable quantities cost-effectively,"comments Ari Auvinen of VTT, head of the research team.
In most cases, industrial production of metallic nanoparticles involves chemical reduction in liquid solutions which requires the design of product-specific solutions.
Nanoparticles have also been tested in the manufacture of magnetic inks and inks that conduct electricity in printed electronics.
The silicon nanoparticles it produces may even enable lithium battery capacity to be boosted by a factor of 10.
include high permeability polymers, nanomagnets for medical diagnostics applications, materials for the 3d printing of metal articles,
Li was able to accurately visualize and measure, at the nanoscale, the chemical changes iron fluoride undergoes to store
"By examining iron fluoride transformation in batteries at the nanoscale, Jin and Li's new X-ray imaging method pinpoints each individual reaction to understand why capacity decay may be occurring."
when a two-dimensional array of nanometer-sized gold metamaterial resonators is illuminated by a tunable near-infrared femtosecond laser,
and the Karlsruhe Institute of technology (KIT) through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN
#Ultra-sensitive sensor detects individual electrons In the same Cambridge laboratory in the United kingdom where The british physicist J. J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897,
This has been achieved by coupling a gate sensor to a silicon nanotransistor where the electrons flow individually.
So the Brown team turned to a darling of the nanotech world: graphene, the carbon nanomaterial.
To make their textured surfaces, the researchers used graphene oxide dispersed in a solution and dabbed onto a substrate made from a rubbery silicon material.
who focuses on carbon nanomaterials.""This is a new application for graphene, "Hurt said.""We are just beginning to realize all of the innovative ways one can use this atomically thin and flexible building block to make new materials and devices."
Nanoscopic lasers--first demonstrated in 2009--are only found in research labs today. They are,
We believe this work represents a conceptual and practical engineering advance for on-demand, reversible control of light from nanoscopic sources."
The laser's cavity is made up of an array of reflective gold nanoparticles, where the light is concentrated around each nanoparticle
and then amplified. In contrast to conventional laser cavities, no mirrors are required for the light to bounce back and forth.
the nanoparticle cavity stays fixed and does not change; only the liquid gain around the nanoparticles changes.
The main advantages of very small lasers are: Some technical backgroundplasmon lasers are promising nanoscale coherent sources of optical fields
because they support ultra-small sizes and show ultra-fast dynamics. Although plasmon lasers have been demonstrated at different spectral ranges, from the ultraviolet to near-infrared,
Odom's research team has found a way to integrate liquid gain materials with gold nanoparticle arrays to achieve nanoscale plasmon lasing that can be tuned dynamical, reversibly and in real time.
These nanoscale lasers can be mass-produced with emission wavelengths over the entire gain bandwidth of the dye.
Thus, the same fixed nanocavity structure (the same gold nanoparticle array) can exhibit lasing wavelengths that can be tuned over 50 nanometers, from 860 to 910 nanometers,
It features in a paper published in this month's issue of Nature Nanotechnology. Prof Sader says this technique revolutionises molecule detection for biologists,
researchers attach it to a tiny vibrating device, known as a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonator.""One standard way to tell the difference between molecules is to weigh them using a technique called mass spectrometry.
Four new atomic structures for gold nanoparticle clusters Led by University of Nebraska-Lincoln chemistry professor Xiao Cheng Zeng,
and former UNL visiting professor Yi Gao, new research has revealed four atomic arrangements of a gold nanoparticle cluster.
Knowing the nanoparticle's most stable configurations, Zeng said, could allow biomedical engineers to identify appropriate binding sites for drugs used to treat cancer and other diseases.
The findings could also optimize the use of gold nanoparticles in catalyzing the oxidation process that transforms dangerous carbon monoxide emissions into the less noxious carbon dioxide,
"A single DNA molecule, once stretched, is about two nanometers in width, "said Aydogan Ozcan, HHMI Chancellor Professor, UCLA."For perspective,
Three atom-thick layers of molybdenum disulfide were cooked up in the lab of Jiwoong Park, associate professor of chemistry and chemical biology and member of the Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science.
Devices were fabricated at the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Facility, also supported by NSF F
say Elena Batrakova and her colleagues at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy's Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery.
more conductive carbon nanotube films"It's a simple process and can create a lightweight CNT film,
or'bucky paper,'that is a meter wide and twice as strong as previous such films--it's even stronger than CNT FIBERS,
"says Yuntian Zhu, Distinguished Professor of Materials science and engineering at NC State and corresponding author of a paper describing the work.
The researchers begin by growing the CNTS on a conventional substrate in a closely packed array.
The CNTS are tangled together, so when researchers pull on one end of the array the CNTS form a continuous ribbon that is only nanometers thick.
This ribbon is attached to a spool which begins winding the ribbon up. As the spool pulls, the CNT ribbon is dragged between two surgical blades.
While the blades appear straight to the naked eye, they actually have micrometer-scale fissures on their cutting edge.
These fissures create a kind of"microcomb"that pulls the CNTS into alignment--just as a regular comb sorts through tangled hair.
When the ribbon of aligned CNTS is being wound onto the spool, the researchers apply an alcohol solution.
This pulls the CNTS closer together, strengthening the bonds between CNTS. The CNT ribbon wraps around itself as it winds around the spool
creating a layered film of pure CNTS. Researchers can control the thickness of the film by controlling the number of layers.
The CNT films made using the microcombing technique had more than twice the tensile strength of the uncombed CNT films--greater than 3 gigapascals for the microcombed material,
versus less than 1. 5 gigapascals for the uncombed material. The microcombed CNT film also had 80 percent higher electrical conductivity than the uncombed film."
"This is a significant advance, but we want to find ways to make CNT alignment even straighter,
"Zhu says.""It's still not perfect.""In addition, the technique would theoretically be easy to scale up for large-scale production.
The group developed a sensitive biosensing platform that detects E coli by the aggregation of nanoparticles on cellulose Paper gold nanoparticles are covered with surface molecules that bind to E coli bacteria.
When the test fluid containing bacteria is mixed with the nanoparticles and transferred to the cellulose paper, the aggregation results in a blue spot.
researchers have discovered a new way to switch the polarization of nanomagnets, paving the way for high-density storage to move from hard disks onto integrated circuits.
Packing a sufficient number of nanomagnets onto a chip meant aligning them perpendicularly, but that vertical orientation negated the switching effects of tantalum."
#Quantum states in a nano-object manipulated using a mechanical system Scientists at The swiss Nanoscience Institute at the University of Basel have used resonators made from single-crystalline diamonds to develop a novel device in
creating an electrode made of nanoparticles with a solid shell, and a"yolk"inside that can change size again and again without affecting the shell.
The use of nanoparticles with an aluminum yolk and a titanium dioxide shell has proven to be"the high-rate champion among high-capacity anodes"
That's where the idea of using confined aluminum in the form of a yolk-shell nanoparticle came in.
In the nanotechnology business there is a big difference between what are called"core-shell"and"yolk-shell"nanoparticles.
The former have a shell that is bonded directly to the core, but yolk-shell particles feature a void between the two--equivalent to where the white of an egg would be.
which are about 50 nanometers in diameter, naturally have oxidized an layer of alumina (Al2o3).""We needed to get rid of it,
which reacts with titanium oxysulfate to form a solid shell of titanium hydroxide with a thickness of 3 to 4 nanometers.
#New 2d transistor material made using precision lasers Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics
"If you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
The device is made of thousands of quantum dots, each measuring about six nanometers.""We made a tiny device,
Scientists unveil new technique for spotting quantum dots to make high performance nanophotonic devices A quantum dot should produce one and only one photon--the smallest constituent of light--each time it is energized,
which will enable control of the photons that the quantum dot generates. However finding the quantum dots--they're just about 10 nanometers across--is no small feat.
Now, researchers working at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the United states,
Array"This is a first step towards providing accurate location information for the manufacture of high performance quantum dot devices,
the researchers can determine the dots'locations with an uncertainty of less than 30 nanometers. Their coordinates in hand, scientists can then tell the computer-controlled electron beam lithography tool to place any structure the application calls for in its proper relation to the quantum dots,
which they were able to collect 50 per cent of the quantum dot's emitted photons, the theoretical limit for this type of structure.
Such high purity is partly due to the fact that the location technique helps the researchers to quickly survey the wafer (10,000 square micrometers at a time) to find regions where the quantum dot density is especially low-only about one per 1
This makes it far more likely that each grating device contains one--and only one--quantum dot.
This work was performed in part at NIST's Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), a national user facility available to researchers from industry, academia and government t
The coating thickness can also be adjustable to hundreds of thousands of nanometers through the control of withdrawal rate.
and nanotechnology to move into an uncharted territory, "Anasori said. Mastering Materials Combining two-dimensional sheets of elements in an organized way to produce new materials has been the goal of Drexel nanomaterials researchers for more than a decade.
Imposing this sort of organization at the atomic level is no easy task.""Due to their structure and electric charge, certain elements just don t'like'to be combined,
That order was imposed by Michel W. Barsoum, Phd and Yury Gogotsi, Phd, Distinguished University and Trustee Chair professor in the College of Engineering and head of the Drexel Nanomaterials Group
and back of the sample at the same time and achieved unprecedented optical resolution (of approximately 10 nanometers) of a cell.
"So using this method we can look at interactions between four biological components inside a cell in three-dimension and at very high resolution of about 10 nanometers,
such as the ph, in live cells at the nanometer scale. The research was supported partly by UC Berkeley's College of Chemistry and a Laboratory Directed Research and development (LDRD) grant by Berkeley Lab b
That's really small--less than one millionth of a meter--but these nanoscopic valleys have macroscopic impact.
and demonstrate the nanoscale mechanics behind the phenomenon of staying dry underwater. In their experiments, the researchers used a variety of materials with
Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months the duration of the experiment.
The researchers focused on the nanoscopic structure of surfaces, which, at the nanoscale, are somewhat akin to the texture of a carpet,
with tiny spike-like elevations separated by valley-shaped pores in between. When submerged, water tends to cling to the top of the spikes,
By adjusting the position just by a small amount--in our case by about 100 nanometers--we can turn on waves that propagate in the opposite direction, namely toward the barrier and beyond."
which showed that adding a nanometers-thick layer of titanium dioxide (Tio2)--a material found in white paint
and colleagues uses such a 62.5-nanometer-thick Tio2 layer to effectively prevent corrosion and improve the stability of a gallium arsenide-based photoelectrode.
active catalyst by adding a 2-nanometer-thick layer of nickel to the surface of the Tio2.
and then created nanoscale textures on the pillars by wet etching. They then infused the nanotextures with a layer of lubricant that completely coated the nanostructures,
resulting in greatly reduced pinning of the droplets. The nanostructures also greatly enhanced lubricant retention compared to the microstructured surface alone.
The same design principle can be extended easily to other materials beyond silicon, such as metals glass ceramics and plastics.
The researchers performed their work in the Penn State Nanofabrication Laboratory, part of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), funded by the National Science Foundation.
The surfaces resist the infiltration of liquid into the nanoscale pockets. The extent to which nanometer-size textured,
superhydrophobic coatings can withstand elevated pressures is determined largely by the geometry of the texturing. This work shows that by careful tuning of the nanoscale geometry
substantial gains in the durability and applicability of these structures for solar panels, highly robust, self-healing coatings,
Nanometer-size textures should facilitate more resilient coatings owing to geometry and confinement effects at the nanoscale.
This study uses in situ x-ray diffraction to investigate the extent to which the superhydrophobic state in arrays of 20 nanometer-wide silicon textures with cylindrical, conical,
Office of Science, Basic energy Sciences in the Materials sciences and Engineering Division and at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials under Contract No.
or photons, using an artificially constructed atom, known as a semiconductor quantum dot. Thanks to the enhanced optical properties of this system and the technique used to make the measurements,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
This excited the quantum dot and led to the emission of a stream of individual photons.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level, below the standard baseline of vacuum fluctuations.
"All of these ideas apply from the nanoscale and microscale up to large scales and even structures that NASA would deploy into space,
#Ideal single-photon source developed With the help of a semiconductor quantum dot, physicists have developed a new type of light source that emits single photons.
A quantum dot is a collection of a few hundred thousand atoms that can form itself into a semiconductor under certain conditions.
Richard J. Warburton from the University of Basel have shown already in past publications that the indistinguishability of the photons is reduced by the fluctuating nuclear spin of the quantum dot atoms.
#Nano-dunes with the ion beam Many semiconductor devices in modern technology--from integrated circuits to solar cells and LEDS--are based on nanostructures.
Producing arrays of regular nanostructures usually requires substantial effort. If they were organized self, the production of such devices would be considerably faster
The results have been published in the scientific journal Nanoscale. In their astounding method the researchers use ion beams,
There, the desired nanostructures are created all by themselves, "explains Dr. Facsko. The finely chiselled and regular structure is reminiscent of sand dunes,
however, in a nano-realm, with a mere distance of fifty nanometers between two dunes--strands of human hair are two thousand times thicker.
Many experiments at different temperatures and comprehensive computations were necessary to both preserve the crystalline state of the semiconducting material as well to produce the well-defined structures at the nanoscale.
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
Peidong Yang, a professor of chemistry at Berkeley and co-director of the school's Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, leads a team that has created an artificial leaf that produces methane, the primary component of natural gas
using a combination of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria. The research, detailed in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in August, builds on a similar hybrid system, also recently devised by Yang and his colleagues,
along with two other leading nanoscientists, discuss the remarkable science behind it --and how learning from nature's genius could transform our energy future.
By combining nanoscience and biology, researchers led by scientists at University of California, Berkeley, have taken a big step in that direction.
a professor of chemistry at Berkeley and co-director of the school's Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, leads a team that has created an artificial leaf that produces methane,
the primary component of natural gas, using a combination of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria. The research, detailed in the online edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in August, builds on a similar hybrid system, also recently devised by Yang and his colleagues,
consists of a 200 nanometre thin layer of yttrium iron garnet (a mineral and magnetic insulator, YIG in short), with a conducting platinum strip on top of that on both sides.
the UVM team was able to observe nanoscale defects and boundaries in the crystal grains in the thin films of phthalocyanine--roadblocks in the electron highway."
Wave-particle dualism with large molecules The virtual laboratories provide an insight into the fundamental understanding and into the applications of quantum mechanics with macromolecules and nanoparticles.
research shows Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
Previous attempts have used compounds of calcium fluoride, combinations of carbonate-hydroxypatite nanocrystals and bioactive glass, but all have seen limited success as they are liable to aggregate on delivery to the tubules.
"These silica particles are available in a range of sizes, from nanometre to sub-micron,
which are only 100 nanometers in diameter, or about 10 millionths of an inch wide.
This material made of nanomagnets might well be refined for electronic applications of the future--such as for more efficient information transfer.
A synthetic material--created from 1 billion nanomagnets--assumes different aggregate states depending on the temperature:
the researchers say that this is possible with the nanomagnets. Honeycomb of nanomagnets The magnets are only 63 nanometres long and shaped roughly like grains of rice.
The researchers used a highly advanced technique to place 1 billion of these tiny grains on a flat substrate to form a large-scale honeycomb pattern.
The nanomagnets covered a total area of five by five millimetres. Thanks to a special measuring technique, the scientists initially studied the collective magnetic behaviour of their metamaterial at room temperature.
the researchers might influence these magnetic phase transitions by altering the size, shape and arrangement of the nanomagnets.
The measurements the researchers used to reveal the magnetic orientation of the nanomagnets, and therefore the properties of the metamaterial, can only be conducted exclusively at PSI.
a UCLA professor of physics and astronomy and a member of UCLA's California Nanosystems Institute, is published Sept. 21 in the online edition of the journal Nature Materials.
The work, published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
The substrate is stretched before the gold nanomesh is placed on it--a process known as"prestretching "--and the material showed no sign of fatigue
The gold nanomesh also proved conducive to cell growth, indicating it is a good material for implantable medical devices.
"We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
and expect the Au nanomesh to achieve superstretchability and high fatigue resistance, "they wrote in the paper."
"the Au nanomesh does not exhibit strain fatigue when it is stretched to 50 percent for 10,000 cycles."
that, along with the fact that the stretchability of gold nanomesh on a slippery substrate resembles the bioenvironment of tissue
or organ surfaces, suggest the nanomesh"might be implanted in the body as a pacemaker electrode,
using gold nanomesh, in a paper published in Nature Communications in January 2014. This work expands on that,
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