#Saltwater lamp could replace dangerous kerosene lights The majority of inhabitants on the Philippines7000 islands do not have access to electricity.
Instead, they rely primarily on kerosene powered lamps to provide light sources at night, which are not only hazards and pollutants,
SALT IS the latest of a number of devices which could help lessen the reliance on kerosene power in disconnected regions.
and resistant to oil, gasoline and glycol in the cooling water. It must also demonstrate good adherence to the metal inserts
including biodegradable plastics, pharmaceutical drugs and even liquid fuels. Scientists with the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have created a hybrid system of semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that mimics
a fuel comparable to gasoline, 25-percent for amorphadiene, a precursor to the antimaleria drug artemisinin,
"At speeds above about 5 miles per hour, the Model S gracefully shuts off its engineust like shifting a gasoline car into neutralhile still providing the driver full control over steering
which is on par with the time needed to pump petrol for current cars added Prof Chen.
The liquid layer on the surface provides a barrier to everything from ice to crude oil and blood.
and their bases are immersed in a solution of deionized water, ethanol, and a dissolved polymer.
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
but both companies are interested also in creating a cost-competitive product that is a better economic alternative than the petroleum-based isoprene,
the world's largest crude oil exporter, is launching an ambitious multi-billion-dollar plan aimed at creating an industry around its other abundant resource,
#Leaked EU documents rank biofuel emissions higher than crude oil European union politics website Euractive has gotten its hands on official EU data reporting that many biofuel crops release more carbon dioxide than crude oil,
And with ILUC added to the mix, it looks like some top biofuel crops are worse for the environment, in terms of carbon emissions, than crude oil.
Meanwhile, crude oil's efficiency value is 87. 5g CO2/mj. Here are the data (g CO2/mj) from the EU documents,
Corn (Maize)- 43g Sugar cane-36g Sugar beet-34g Wheat (straw as process fuel in CHP plants)- 35g 2g Ethanol (land-using)- 32g 2g Biodiesel (land-using)- 21g 2g Ethanol
or to govern the processing of crude oil in a refinery. Haidar group is one of a number of academic and corporate teams vying to create a closed-loop system for an artificial pancreas. ach patient is represented by a set of differential equations,
and petroleum-based plastic substrates that are used in electronicsnd are not biodgradablehe substrate for Ma
they simply extract hydrogen from diesel fuel on the go. The research group,"Fuel cell Based Power Generation (FCGEN),
The extraction of the hydrogen from the diesel fuel happens through autothermal reforming, a catalytic reaction in
which the diesel fuel is decomposed into hydrogen, steam, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The CO is converted then to CO2
It didn escape their notice that the extraction of hydrogen from the diesel fuel releases CO2 directly into the atmosphere. ctually all carbon in the diesel is converted to CO2,
the investigators could boost upconversion up to a thousandfold by coating the nanocrystals with anthracene, a component of coal tar.
since the 2007 legislation targeting ethanol; and in May 2014, Congress blocked yet another energy-efficiency bill that could positively impact the environment,
A Quick History lesson The steam-powered Spinning jenny, followed by the petroleum-powered version, led the first Industrial revolution.
if our current abundance of crude oil keeps up) but it does hold the promise of a cheap clean and efficient source of energy.
By making solar power cheaper than diesel fuel in many places, it could help bring clean power to some of the more than one billion people in the world without reliable electricity (see Billion People in the Dark.
Matt Scullin the CEO of Alphabet Energy the startup that developed the new device says connecting it to the exhaust pipe of a 1000-kilowatt generator will yield enough electricity to save 52500 liters of diesel fuel a year for a reduction
The hope is that it could also be distributed using the same global network of liquid fuel transport that moves petrol around the planet.
Hydrogen gas has a poor energy density by volume compared to petrol. In fact, there is at least 60 percent more hydrogen in a liter of gasoline then there is in a liter of pure liquid hydrogen.
In other words hydrogen will always require bigger tanks. So finding ways to store more of it is a huge challenge.
When it opens next year it will have the capacity to produce 650000 kilograms of hydrogen a year the energy equivalent of 650000 gallons of gasoline.
Hydrogenics which has supplied electrolyzers for many of the biggest projects in Germany is designing a 40-megawatt system that will produce the equivalent of 4. 3 million gallons of gasoline a year.
Prakash Govindan, says the initial focus is on the booming petroleum and natural gas industry in the United states and elsewhere. ater issues have been a point of a lot of controversy for the industry,
or leakage of petroleum pipes going through fields or farms. The devices is developed by the Nagpur-based National Environmental engineering Research Institute (NEERI) of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) of the Department
As for power, the Blade is equipped with a 700-horsepower bi-fuel engine that can use both compressed natural gas or gasoline,
Initial tests reveal that BMARS delivers superior oxides of nitrogen (NOX) reduction on modern turbo-charged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines compared to OEM catalysts,
rhodium (Rh) is the key PGM used to drive NOX conversion in gasoline three-way catalysts.
pyrrole, ferric chloride (Fecl3), ethanol and water--which makes it cheap enough and enables large-scale fabrication,
and the American Petroleum Institute (API) to meet their requirements for detecting and minimizing gas leaks.
They added the development of renewable liquid fuels was critical to reduce global reliance on petroleum
But soybean isnt productive enough to meet the nations need for renewable diesel fuels Long said.
Previously, flights on biofuels had been limited to a 50 percent blend with petroleum making this a major breakthrough.
Production and use of advanced biofuel could displace at least 15 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel the equivalent of 475 million barrels of oil each year by 2022, reducing oil imports by $70 billion
The U s. Navy has recognized long the importance of reducing dependence on foreign oil as it strives toward its goal of cutting petroleum use 50 percent by 2020.
The Pentagon spent $17. 3 billion on petroleum in 2011, a 26 percent increase from the previous year with practically no change in the volume purchased.
#Ruptured pipeline spills 79k litres of oil along California coast A broken pipeline spilled 21,000 gallons (79,500 litres) of crude oil into the ocean before it was shut off Tuesday,
#California oil spill 5 times bigger than first estimated A broken pipeline spilled 21,000 gallons (79,500 litres) of crude oil into the ocean before it was shut off Tuesday,
and you can see why the prospects for future petroleum dependency are dimming with every advance in EV battery technology.
What Now, Petroleum? The advantages of EV technology are becoming more and more apparent practically by the minute,
but wee not saying that petroleum will disappear completely off the personal mobility map any time soon.
#Cow Manure to Ethanol Plant Switches On in California's San joaquin valley The San joaquin valley has become America breadbasket over the past few decades.
The recent launch of the Calgren Ethanol Plant in the Tulare County town of Pixley is a step in helping California meet its clean energy goals while addressing the San joaquin valley terrible air pollution.
which can then be blended with conventional gasoline. The core of Calgren plant is an anaerobic digester built by DVO,
In addition to generating ethanol biogas will also be produced in order to power the facility, nixing any need to be connected to the local grid.
Mckinney added that the ethanol produced at this plant results in the lowest carbon-emitting ethanol currently refined at an industrial scale throughout California.
Doubtless, some historical controversiesike the fights over the Keystone XL pipeline from Alberta oil sands to the US Gulf coast extensive petroleum infrastructureill remain,
Join m The oil companiesjoint statement effectively reverses previous claims from industry that petroleum causes the environmentnd the crucial atmospheric greenhouseo harm.
The petroleum executives also sent an additional letter to the media, setting out their call for carbon pricing.
and a new pathway to converting biomass to jet fuel was announced by a team from Lawrence Berkeley National Lab in partnership with the petroleum giant BP of all people (corporations are people too,
cheaper to own and more fun to drive than petrol-fueled cars. Then it will just be a matter of turning over the fleet.
Its 700-horsepower engine can use either compressed natural gas or gasoline, and altogether it weighs just 1400lbs-90%less than some modern cars.
Equipped with a 700-horsepower bi-fuel engine that can use either compressed natural gas or gasoline
'Unfortunately for petrol heads, the special project is a onetime collaboration, and won't go on general sale.
Lexus unveil the world's first ever car with a heartbeat LEXUS RC F SPECS Unfortunately for petrol heads,
The technology can be used to help petroleum developers make smarter decisions and more effectively manage assets.
This was given not in precise terms relative to the cost of gasoline (and the weight of the aluminum anode in these batteries is unknown),
#Audi claims first synthetic gasoline made from plants Just weeks after producing its first batch of synthetic diesel fuel made from carbon dioxide and water,
clean-burning and petroleum-free fuel called"e-benzin.""The fuel was created by Audi's project partner Global Bioenergies, in France.
creating a pure, 100 octane gasoline.""To me this is a historic moment, "says Global Bioenergies CEO Marc Delcourt."
"It is the first time that we have produced real gasoline from plants.""Isooctane is used currently as an additive to improve fuel quality,
including diesel, LPG, bunker oil, gasoline, natural gas and others. They add it takes 30 minutes to install the A2n device,
and storage and natural gas technologies $270. 1 million for electricity delivery and energy reliability grid modernization activities $257 million for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to operate
Still, Silicon valley is betting that Bolt silk could supplant petroleum-based textiles such as polyester, Lycra,
"The advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it's a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
and their bases are immersed in a solution of deionized water, ethanol, and a dissolved polymer.
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
and their bases are immersed in a solution of deionized water, ethanol, and a dissolved polymer.
the water-ethanol mixture streams upward, dragging chains of polymer with it. The water and ethanol quickly dissolve, leaving a tangle of polymer filaments opposite each emitter, on the electrode.
The researchers were able to pack 225 emitters, several millimeters long, on a square chip about 35 millimeters on a side.
containing a basin with about 30.000 m3 of water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The product used as loose material was able to abate the hydrocarbons concentration from 200-300 ppm down to 0. 5 ppm.
pyrrole, ferric chloride (Fecl3), ethanol and water--which makes it cheap enough and enables large-scale fabrication,
that hydrogen is generated typically by"reforming"fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, or ethanol, which invariably introduces carbon monoxide into the hydrogen gas.
If even minute quantities of carbon monoxide are present in that gas, it can poison the platinum catalysts that are important to driving the fuel cell.
and petroleum to detect and measure heavy metals. Among the most important advantages of this nanosorbent, mention can be made of reducing the cost of food sample evaluation,
Among other applications of this sensor, mention can be made of desulfurization of petroleum products, production of jet fuel and launching of aircrafts and other aerospace applications.
But many of the advances rely on petroleum-based plastics and toxic materials. Yu-Zhong Wang, Fei Song and colleagues wanted to seek a greener way forward.
ethanol and isopropanol, ordered by decreasing polarity. There wasn't much agglomeration in methanol; bunches got about 30 percent bigger than they were in water.
But in ethanol and isopropanol, the clumps got 400 percent and 600 percent bigger, respectivelyreally humongous bunches.
'Clean hydrogen Hydrogen has long been promoted as an emissions-free alternative to gasoline. Despite its sustainable reputation, most commercial-grade hydrogen is made from natural gas,
and from this they produce kerosene and special chemicals. Participants include the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular biology and Applied Ecology IME in Aachen,
Business model instead of problem From our viewpoint, the quantities of carbon alone which rise as smoke from the Duisburg steelworks as carbon dioxide would suffice to cover the entire need for kerosene of a major airline.
and, like fats and oils, can be converted through hydrogenation into diesel fuel for cars or kerosene for planes.
which already can now directly replace petroleum-based products. For example, amines can be used in the pharmaceutical industry or the production of tensides and dying agents.
Exactly like this has worked until now with petroleum as the raw material source states Jennewein. In the next stage, the scientists strive to demonstrate that their technology also works with large quantities.
and for kerosene about three years, Axel Kraft adds s
#Researchers develop new storage cell for solar energy storage, nighttime conversion (Nanowerk News) A University of Texas at Arlington materials science and engineering team has developed a new energy cell that can store large-scale solar energy even
unlike a lot of the petroleum-based alternatives that manufacturers use to build the bases of modern computer chips.
instead, relying on kerosene generators, battery-powered lamps or candles for light during the night.
Kerosene and candles are both fire risks, and kerosene produces toxins that can poison people in the short term,
and cause lung problems in the long term. Batteries contain strong acids, and pollute ground and water when disposed of.
distinguished professor of chemical and petroleum engineering, and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
and petroleum engineering and lead author on the paper, the researchers developed design rules for creating a hybrid"BZ-PZ"material."
German car manufacturer Audi invented a carbon-neutral diesel fuel, made from water, carbon dioxide and renewable energy sources, and they say their pilot plant in Dresden will pump out 160 litres of the of the stuff every day in the coming months to power their Audi a8 cars.
Now, theye announced the development of another new type of environmentally friendly, petroleum-free synthetic fuel,
creating a pure, 100 octane gasoline.""That last point refers to the octane rating of the fuel,
CO2 and sunlight, like how they're producing their new'e-diesel'fuel.""We're thinking we're bringing greenness to a field that desperately needs greenness,"Rick Bockrath,
and projects dedicated to getting'e-ethanol Audi'e-diesel'and Audi'e-benzin'on the market in the coming years,
so in making petroleum-based fuels a thing of the past
#Science has found a gene for pain Scientists have identified a gene essential to the ability to sense pain, a discovery
The infrastructure isn't in place now for hydrogen to replace gasoline as a fuel for planes trains and automobiles.
But if hydrogen becomes an alternative to gasoline Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans mass-produced on an industrial scale might be one solution
#Researchers identify materials to improve biofuel petroleum processing The University of Minnesota has two patents pending on the research
and upgrade fuel and chemical feedstock from petroleum-based and renewable resources. There are more than 200 known zeolites and hundreds of thousands predicted zeolite variations.
The first problem researchers tackled is the current multi-step ethanol purification process encountered in biofuel production.
One of the last steps involves the separation of ethanol from water. Researchers found a few all-silica zeolites with superior performance that contain pores
and channels with the ability to accommodate ethanol molecules but to shun hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
and materials science professor Michael Tsapatsis'lab was found to be so effective that it could change the ethanol/water separation process from a multi-step distillation process to a single-step adsorptive process.
The second problem researchers examined targets the upgrading of petroleum compounds into higher-value lubricant and diesel products.
which affect the pour point and viscosity of lubricants and other petroleum products. Researchers say defining appropriate sorbents
The approach could provide a pathway to eventual expansion of biofuels production beyond the current output limited to ethanol derived from corn.
features fermentation and ethanol yields that set a new standard for conversion of biomass sugars from pretreated corn stover--the non-edible portion of corn crops such as the stalk--converting up to 97 percent
Mascoma's C5 FUEL#efficiently converts this xylose into ethanol, and it accomplishes this feat in less than 48 hours.
The finding was presented today at the 31st International Fuel Ethanol Workshop in Minneapolis."The ability to partner the combined expertise at Mascoma
and continued efforts through BESC could go a long way toward reducing the cost of ethanol and growing the number of commercial-level ethanol production plants.
which significantly increases overall sugar yield and thereby increases the level of ethanol produced. In fact
'Arrayhydrogen has long been promoted as an emissions-free alternative to gasoline. Despite its sustainable reputation, most commercial-grade hydrogen is made from natural gas,
system-level process of clostridial acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, "explained Ting Lu, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Illinois."Simultaneously,
Ph d.,distinguished professor of chemical and petroleum engineering, and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
and petroleum engineering and lead author on the paper, the researchers developed design rules for creating a hybrid"BZ-PZ"material."
And yet, PLA is considered not yet a full alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics, as it is costly to produce.
However, PLA is not yet a full alternative for petroleum-based plastics due to its cost. The production process for PLA is expensive because of the intermediary steps."
Of course, PLA will never fully replace petroleum-based plastics. For one thing, some objects, such as toilet drain pipes, are meant not to be biodegradable.
The doctoral student initially made a suspension of silver nanowires in ethanol using wet-chemistry techniques. She then transferred this suspension with a pipette onto a substrate, in this case a silicon solar cell.
However, diesel fuel is expensive to deliver to these locations, and diesel generators, though inexpensive to install,
and cost-effective propulsion machinery running on liquefied natural gas (LNG). With the combination of wind and liquefied natural gas as an alternative fuel to heavy fuel oil,
the fuel consumption is estimated to be only 60 percent of a reference ship on average. Carbone dioxide emissions are reduced by 80 percent, according to calculations by the Norwegian company.
Due to its very low fuel consumption, Vindskip#can utilize liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel and still be capable in the worst case of 70 days of steaming between bunkering.
But many of the advances rely on petroleum-based plastics and toxic materials. Yu-Zhong Wang, Fei Song and colleagues wanted to seek a reenerway forward.
CNF offers many benefits over current chip substrates, she says. he advantage of CNF over other polymers is that it a bio-based material and most other polymers are based petroleum polymers.
While biofuels have proven to be an effective, renewable, low-carbon alternative to gasoline and diesel, jet fuels pose unique challenges.
The concentrations of carbon and other greenhouse gases in Earth atmosphere are now at their highest levels in the past three million years, primarily as a result of the burning of petroleum and other fossil fuels.
such as farnesane, mixed directly with petroleum jet fuel have been tested, but offer only modest greenhouse gas reduction benefits.
she says. f we want to reduce our dependence on petroleum, air travel is going to require renewable liquid fuels
because batteries and fuel cells simply aren practical. The process developed at EBI can be used to selectively upgrade alkyl methyl ketones derived from sugarcane biomass into trimer condensates with better than 95-percent yields.
Lubricant base oils can produce even more greenhouse gas emissions on a per-mass basis than petroleum-derived fuels
or lubricants should be a significant advantage for biorefineries. ugarcane biorefineries today produce ethanol, sugar and electricity, says PNAS paper co-author Gokhale, a chemical engineer,
and additives for gasoline as Gokhale explains. ith some minimal modifications to both the catalysts
Anna C. Balazs, Phd, Distinguished Professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Steven P. Levitan, Phd, John A. Jurenko Professor of Electrical and Computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
By working with Dr. Victor V. Yashin, Research Assistant professor of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and lead author on the paper,
how to keep milk cold without burning diesel fuel. Theye been selling refrigerators in India for two years;
The dairy collection center in Chetawala, in the state of Rajasthan, estimates that it saves around 40,000 rupees ($628) a month on diesel fuel and reduced milk spoilage since installing a Rapid Milk Chiller
The idea is that instead of making chips from petroleum-based plastic, we'd be able to use cellulose nanofibril-a flexible,
contaminated a 4-mile stretch from El Refugio State Beach to El Capitan State Beach with more than 20,000 gallons (500 barrels worth) of crude oil before the leak was stopped in the afternoon.
and measure the concentration of carbon dioxide and ethanol molecules being exhaled from the body. These molecules give off a certain wavelength
The sensors will act as a tracking system to measure the ratio of carbon dioxide molecules to ethanol molecules produced by the driver.
If the ratio hits a certain threshold of ethanol to carbon, the car won't start.
including ethanol levels in the tissue. If the levels register as 0. 08%or more, the car won't start.
The machine will only be setup to analyze ethanol levels, and take multiple readings to ensure an accurate conclusion.
#Scientists Invented Bionic Leaf to Convert Solar energy into Liquid fuel Aided by a new technique, a team of researchers has found a way of converting solar energy into liquid fuel.
which can better handle liquid fuels. Harvard researchers have invented a bionic leaf an integrated system, in which sunlight can be used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
to form the liquid fuel isopropanol. Researcher Pamela Silver stated his is a proof of concept that you can have a way of harvesting solar energy and storing it in the form of a liquid fuel.
It is a small leaf sized solar device which is submerged in water to produce hydrogen.
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