years in advance has been developed in research published in the open access journal Genome Biology. The study aimed to define a set of genes associated with'healthy ageing'in 65 year olds.
but there has been no reliable test for underlying'biological age'."'"Our discovery provides the first robust molecular'signature'of biological age in humans
and should be able to transform the way that'age'is used to make medical decisions.
New CRISPR-Cas9 strategy edits genes 2 ways The CRISPR-Cas9 system has been in the limelight mainly as a revolutionary genome engineering tool used to modify specific gene sequences within the vast sea of an organism
genome engineering and gene regulation, are initiated with a common step: the Cas9 protein is recruited to targeted genes by the so-called matching sequences of"GUIDE RNA"that help Cas9 latch on to specific sequences of DNA in a given genome.
But until now, genome engineering and gene regulation required different variants of the Cas9 protein; while the former task hinges on Cas9's innate DNA-cleaving activity,
the latter has been achieved by engineered Cas9 variants that have had their DNA-cleaving"fangs"removed, but still retain their ability to latch onto a specific genomic target.
These latter Cas9 variants are fused commonly with proteins that regulate gene expression. Now, using a new approach developed by researchers led by George Church, Ph d.,of Harvard and Ron Weiss, Ph d.,of the Massachusetts institute of technology,
Church is Core Faculty member at Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Robert Winthrop Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical school and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard and MIT,
and Weiss is Professor of Biological engineering and also Professor of Electrical engineering and Computer science at MIT.
Ph d.,Wyss Institute Core Faculty member and the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering & Science and Professor of Biological engineering at MIT, is also a co-investigator
we can now for the first time toggle a single protein to gain direct control over both, gene sequences and gene expression,
. who is also the Judah Folkman Professor of Vascular Biology at Harvard Medical school and Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Bioengineering at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences s
or mechanical stress on the chromosomes into which our genetic material is packaged. To make sure cells stay alive
--and in a study published online in Nature Chemical Biology on September 7, researchers at The Rockefeller University uncover new aspects of it."
a postdoctoral fellow in the Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell biology, led by Tarun Kapoor.""We now know how key proteins get where they need to be to facilitate the process.""
""This is also a nice example of how innovative chemical approaches can help decipher fundamental biological mechanisms,
For instance, different regions of a chromosome can fuse together, causing genes to rearrange themselves --and such chromosome fusions can lead to diseases such as cancer.
To learn more about the process, Kapoor, Kleiner and their colleagues zeroed in on the sites in chromosomes where DNA repair happens.
Specifically they focused on a single histone, a type of protein that DNA wraps around to make up chromosomes.
This histone, H2ax, is known to be involved in DNA repair. Immediately after DNA damage occurs, H2ax gets a mark--it becomes tagged with a chemical moiety known as a phosphate.
'Genome editing in human T-cells has been a notable challenge for the field, 'said lead author Dr Alexander Marson from the University of California, San francisco.'
'We have now been able to cut as well as paste pieces of the genome into human T-cells for the first time to our knowledge,
the only difference being a small number of mutations responsible for causing the cells to become cancerous.
To overcome this, the scientists used a technique called'mutation tracking'a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
which is personalised to the mutations of an individual patient's cancer DNA. The test screened the blood for DNA with these mutations.
Any DNA in the blood with these mutations must have been released by cancer cells remaining after the initial round of treatment.
As well as being used to predict relapse, the test will allow scientists to track further mutations that develop in cancers over time,
the researchers say. This knowledge could help personalise treatment, as it would allow the tailoring of treatment to the genetic make-up of an individual's cancer.
The disease is known to be caused by mutations in the ACVR1 gene, which codes for a receptor protein that controls bone
The mutations make this protein much more active than usual, resulting in the formation of extra bones.
as a biotechnology company with expertise in developing antibodies, they are in a position to act on it
#eyond revolutionary bioreactor-in-a-briefcase brings warzone production The project, sponsored by a coalition including Thermo Fisher, Pfizer,
Speaking at Bioprocess International conference in Boston on Tuesday, Rao described the team breakthrough in large molecule manufacturing as eyond revolutionary my head is still spinning.?
and streptokinase cross three bioreactors. One-and-a-half hours and youe done. igarette pack reactorsrao team has created 3d printed designs for their next goal:
flat-chip bioreactors the size of cigarette packs for continuous processing. The scientists are also working on making purification portable.
and to be replaced with manufacturing at the point of care specific threat response without requiring specific preparedness. ao told Tuesday conference moving biomanufacturing to the front lines echoes the decentralisation of pharma supply chains to civilians,
#eyond revolutionary bioreactor-in-a-briefcase brings warzone production The project, sponsored by a coalition including Thermo Fisher, Pfizer,
Speaking at Bioprocess International conference in Boston on Tuesday, Rao described the team breakthrough in large molecule manufacturing as eyond revolutionary my head is still spinning. elcome to Betty Crocker bioprocessing
and streptokinase cross three bioreactors. One-and-a-half hours and youe done. Cigarette pack reactors Rao team has created 3d printed designs for their next goal:
flat-chip bioreactors the size of cigarette packs for continuous processing. The scientists are also working on making purification portable.
Rao told Tuesday conference moving biomanufacturing to the front lines echoes the decentralisation of pharma supply chains to civilians,
"This memristor-based technology relies on a completely different way inspired by biological brain to carry on computation."
which integrats the ultrafast laser with molecular biology and cell biology. Professor Lu has applied the tool to understand the molecular mechanisms that cause cancer at the very moment
"With the novel femtomedicine approach we can go back to the very beginning to find out what causes DNA damage in the first place, then mutation, and then cancer."
The Stanford sleuths analyzed a number of publicly available data sets containing results of studies that had assessed activity levels for the entire human genome in sepsis cases,
Daniel Moran, Ph d.,professor of biomedical engineering in the School of engineering & Applied science and of neurobiology, of physical therapy and of neurological surgery at Washington University School of medicine in St louis
Patients with Down syndrome have three copies of chromosome 21 in their cells. Theye also 20 times more likely to contract childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia than the general population,
making that chromosome an important avenue for researching the genetic basis of the cancer. major goal of my laboratory is to identify the specific gene or genes on chromosome 21 responsible for the increased incidence of leukemia in this population,
. and Lora S. Lurie Professor in Medicine-Hematology/Oncology and Biochemistry and Molecular genetics, and a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University.
In previous work, Crispino and colleagues found that a gene on chromosome 21 called DYRK1A contributes to the development of leukemia.
Because they have extra copies of chromosome 21, children with Down syndrome have more DYRK1A than usual. his finding is exciting to us
and professor in the department of Anesthesiology and Radiology at Stony Brook University School of medicine in New york told Bioscience Technology that it is too early to comment on humans,
Benveniste told Bioscience Technology. Read More: Researchers Discover Missing Link Between Brain and Immune Systemshe explained how the system lushesout waste:
Benveniste told Bioscience Technology. Benveniste and colleagues used dynamic contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to image the glymphatic pathway at work in rodentsbrains.
Bioscience Technology. Imaging testing in humans is needed still. Up next Benveniste and colleagues are working to study how the glymphatic system can be controlled
and other cells interact in the body is somewhat difficult in the lab. Biologists generally culture one cell type in plastic plates,
Now MIT spinout AIM Biotech has developed a microfluidics device based on years of research that lets researchers co-culture multiple cell types in a 3d hydrogel environment that mimics natural tissue.
said AIM Biotech cofounder Roger Kamm, the Cecil H. Green Distinguished Professor in MIT departments of mechanical engineering and biological engineering. f you want realistic models of these processes,
you have to go to a 3d matrix, with multiple cell types to see cell-to-cell contact
AIM Biotech will begin deploying the commercial devices to 47 research groups in 13 countries for user feedback.
AIM Biotech devices, on the other hand, he said, can be put directly under the microscope like a traditional plate,
IM Biotech launched in Singapore in 2012, under current CEO Kuan Chee Mun, who Kamm met through SMART.
AIM Biotech microfluidics device produces a similar microenvironment: When endothelial cells are seeded into the side channels or the central gel region,
AIM Biotech may offer to more accurately screen cancer drugs for pharmaceutical companies. In fact, he said, AIM Biotech recently discovered that its devices revealed discrepancies in some clinically tested therapeutics.
In a study published in Integrative biology, MIT researchers used Kamm's microfluidics technology to screen several drugs that aim to prevent tumors from breaking up
and dispersing throughout the body. Results indicated that the level of drugs needed was often two orders of magnitude higher than predictions based on traditional assaid. o there no way to effectively predict, from the 2-D assaid,
In addition to the direct medical implications, the new study also shifts a fundamental principle of biochemistry known as allostery.
Previously, scientists believed that allosteric regulation of glucokinase depended on strict structural transitions of the biomolecule.
#Degenerating Neurons Respond to Gene therapy Treatment for Alzheimer Disease Degenerating neurons in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) measurably responded to an experimental gene therapy in
The gene therapy approach has progressed since to phase II trials at multiple test sites. Results have not yet been released.
"said Chase Beisel, co-senior author of the paper and an assistant professor in the department of chemical and biomolecular engineering at NC State."
"said Zhen Gu, co-senior author of the paper and an assistant professor in the joint biomedical engineering program at NC State and UNC-CH."
it is highly biocompatible. It also self-assembles, which makes it easy to customize.""The nanoclews are made of a single, tightly-wound strand of DNA.
professor at the Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Karolinska Institutet and also affiliated to the Scilifelab facility.
'but are in fact important in regulating gene expression. In the current study, the researchers show that the newly identified genes can interact with the'junk DNA,
According to study senior investigator and NYU Langone microbiologist Victor Torres, Phd, the newly discovered competing or ntagonisticrelationship between the two bacterial toxins helps explain how community-acquired MRSA is far more widespread and less deadly than hospital
His team next plans to analyze the biological mechanisms by which LUK-PV and LUK-ED target, attach
Ball said. he discovery raises new questions about STAT3 biology and points the way to future anticancer approaches, including combination therapies of coiled-coil STAT3 inhibitors in tandem with other agents,
and structure of phosphoproteins and identify which ones are involved in disease. his innovation will help advance the understanding of human biochemistry and physiology,
a biochemical engineer who led the Northwestern team. The study was published Sept. 9 by the journal Nature Communications.
Jewett, associate professor of chemical and biological engineering at Northwestern Mccormick School of engineering, and his team worked with Yale colleagues led by Jesse Rinehart.
As a synthetic biologist, Jewett uses cell-free systems to create new therapies, chemicals and novel materials to impact public health
and the environment. his work addresses the broader question of how can we repurpose the protein synthesis machinery of the cell for synthetic biology,
Jewett said. ere we are finding new ways to leverage this machinery to understand fundamental biological questions, specifically protein phosphorylation.
Jewett and his colleagues combined state-of-the-art genome engineering tools and engineered biological artsinto a lug-and-playprotein expression platform that is cell-free.
Cell-free systems activate complex biological systems without using living intact cells. Crude cell lysates, or extracts, are employed instead.
Specifically, the researchers prepared cell lysates of genomically recoded bacteria that incorporate amino acids not found in nature.
capable of on-demand biomanufacturing new classes of proteins. his manufacturing technology will enable scientists to decrypt the phosphorylation odethat exists in the human proteome,
#SAM-Screener Epigenetic Methylation Test The United states Patent and Trademark Office has issued a patent to Cayman Chemical
These epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression, impacting normal growth as well as cancer and disease. Dysregulation of histone methylation patterns is observed in a variety of human cancers, inflammation,
Custom assay development to adapt this assay format to other HMTS is also available through Cayman epigenetic screening
. who now works in biopharmaceutical research and development at Glaxosmithkline, published their results in the journal Lab on a Chip in addition to being able to use less fluid,
Ghodbane advisor, Martin Yarmush, the Paul and Mary Monroe Chair and Distinguished Professor of biomedical engineering at Rutgers, said the results are as accurate and sensitive as the standard benchtop assay. ith our technology,
t essential that we continue to research basic biology to further understand how cells become cancerous.
and counteracts the effects of the mutation. Other studies have indicated that sickle-cell patients with elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin have a milder form of the disease.
rather than fix the hemoglobin mutation, but to do so in very precise ways that are only possible
Although fixing the sickle mutation itself would seem the most straightforward approach, it turns out that blood stem cells,
Researchers at Johns hopkins university School of medicine, Johns hopkins university Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering and Federal University of Rio de janeiro in Brazil conducted a proof-of-concept study that found DNA-loaded nanoparticles could successfully pass through the hard-to-breach mucus barrier
a biomedical engineer and faculty member at the Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins. Researchers funded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering meanwhile,
stopped brain cancer in rats by delivering gene therapy through nanoparticles. The nanoparticles deliver genes for an enzyme that converts a prodrug called ganciclovir into a glioma cell killer.
As in cystic fibrosis, a current delivery method of gene therapy relies on using a virus, which can pose significant safety risks.
The institute, part of UB New york state Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life sciences, was established in 1997 by Buffalo bills Hall of fame quarterback Jim Kelly
explained M. Laura Feltri, M d.,senior author on the paper and an HJKRI researcher and professor of biochemistry and neurology in the Jacobs School of medicine and Biomedical sciences at UB. o study myelin,
called The down Syndrome Biomarker Initiative (DSBI), involved twelve participants between the ages of 30 and 60 with Down syndrome,
and retinal amyloid imaging. his study shows some of the earliest known Alzheimer disease biomarker changes in adults with Down syndrome
People with Down syndrome have an extra copy of the 21st chromosome where the production gene for the beta amyloid protein resides.
and Disassemble On Command Scientists have deciphered the genetic code that instructs proteins to either self-assemble
and is the first time that scientists have reported the ability to create biological structures that are programmed readily to assemble
biotechnology and medical treatments. The study appears September 21 in Nature Materials. he very simple design rules that we have discovered provide a powerful engineering tool for many biomedical
and biotechnology applications, said Ashutosh Chilkoti, chair of the Department of Biomedical engineering at Duke. e can now,
with a flick of a switch and a temperature jump, make a huge range of biological molecules that either assemble
or disassemble. The study investigated several triggers that can cause protein structures to assemble or break apart,
Because the laboratory identified the genetic sequences that encode this behavior they were able to point out a long list of human proteins that likely exhibit it. his paper shows the incredible richness of peptide sequences that already have this very simple switch,
and the biochemistry communities, said Quiroz. heyl be able to push the limits of what we know about these kinds of materials
and then go back to explore how biology is already making use of them. This work was funded by the National institutes of health and the National Science Foundation
#Targeting DNA MIT biological engineers have developed a modular system of proteins that can detect a particular DNA sequence in a cell
James Collins, the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering and Science in MIT Department of Biological engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science (IMES).
a professor of biotechnology and bioengineering at The swiss Federal Institute of technology in Zurich, described this experiment as an legant proof of conceptthat could lead to greatly improved treatments for viral infection. entinel designer cells engineered with the DNA sense
whether genetic material has been delivered successfully to cells that scientists are trying to genetically alter. Cells that did not receive the new gene could be induced to undergo cell death,
or to study the 3-D structure of normal chromosomes by testing whether two genes located far from each other on a chromosome fold in such a way that they end up next to each other,
the researchers say
#Researchers Discover Method to Measure Stiffness of Arteries in the Brain UCLA researchers have discovered a noninvasive method to measure vascular compliance,
. professor of developmental and stem cell biology and director of the Eli and Edyth Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF. ooking at these early stages in development is the best opportunity to understand our brain evolution.
They identified gene expression profiles typical of different types of neurons newborn neural progenitors and radial glia,
The gene activity profiles also provided several novel insights into the biology of outer radial glia.
the researchers found. his is a surprising new feature of their biology, Pollen said. hey generate their own stem cell niche.
First, it expands our knowledge of the biological role of Vitamin b12, which was understood already to help convert fat into energy,
said Catherine Drennan, a professor of chemistry and biology at MIT. The findings are detailed this week in the journal Nature.
of which exactly three are bound to the genetic material something Drennan said surprised her. hat the best part about science,
said Rowena Matthews, a professor emerita of biological chemistry at the University of Michigan, who has read the paper.
Corresponding author Zhen Gu, an assistant professor in the joint biomedical engineering program at North carolina State university and the University of North carolina Chapel hill, said there are two significant benefits in using platelet membranes to coat anticancer drugs.
lead author of the paper and a Ph d. student in the joint biomedical engineering program. The process works by isolating platelets from a blood sample
physiology and biotechnology and associate professor of engineering at Brown. e knew it was a relatively high-throughput system,
Hoffman-Kim lab collaborated with fellow biologists and bioengineers at Brown faculty colleagues Julie Kauer, Jeffrey Morgan
and the Center for Biomedical engineering, said she hopes the mini-brains might proliferate to many different labs,
A team from Oxford university's Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics led by Dr. Deborah Goberdhan worked with cancer doctor and researcher, Professor Adrian Harris,
the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council will be published in the science journal Oncogene on 5 october 2015.
#Scientists Grow Old Brain cells from Patientsskin Cells Researchers from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have found a way to create aged brain cells from patientsskin samples for the first time.
said study author Rusty Gage, a professor in the Salk Institute Laboratory of Genetics. Researchers believe this technique will be very helpful to scientists studying age-related diseases
However, this technique did not guarantee cells with epigenetic signatures of older cells. This made it difficult to study the aging of the human brain
After, they compared the patterns of gene expression in the resulting neurons with cells taken from autopsied brains.
Different patterns of gene expression were recognizable using the direct conversion method, depending on the age of the person they were created from. he neurons we derived showed differences depending on donor age,
said Mertens. nd they actually show changes in gene expression that have been implicated previously in brain aging.
another form of muscle disease, exon skipping coaxes cells to kipover abnormal sections of the genetic code,
Limb Girdle Muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in any of at least 15 different genes and affects 1 in 14,
Individuals with Limb Girdle Muscular dystrophy Type 2c have detrimental mutations in a key protein, gamma sarcoglycan,
the molecules that function to regulate gene expression that are necessary to make the treatment. e are thrilled to be able to continue development of this promising treatment technique,
Canada and The netherlands, including a team from Oxford Wellcome Trust Centre for Human genetics have carried out a series of experiments to assess the accuracy
sequencing the genome of a laboratory strain of E coli (Escherichia coli K-12). Working to a single, shared protocol, the consortium produced 20 data sets with enough results to be able to quantify the data yield, quality,
more expensive devices so-called standard short-read technologies other researchers have shown that theye of high enough quality to infer full-length genomes from scratch, for the E coli bacterium, Influenza virus,
and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast genomes. The researchers of this study point out, though, that there is work still to be done, to improve the reproducible delivery of molecules into the device and the clarity of the software it uses.
and Senior Analyst in Microbial Genomics at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human genetics. using the Minion in a project with secondary-school students in Oxford,
led by bioengineering professor Shyni Varghese at the University of California, San diego and Colin Jamora, a biologist at the IFOM-instem Joint Research Laboratory in India, published the findings in the Oct 15 issue of Nature Communications. ee identified a new component that hasn previously been studied as a factor contributing to fibrosis,
said Varghese. his discovery gives us a new understanding of how fibrosis forms and could help us develop therapeutic strategies that are more effective than existing ones. ibrosis is a condition in which tough,
They are very important in medicine most medications available now are small molecules as well as in biology as probes to uncover the inner workings of cells and tissues.
a graduate biologist specializing in neuropsychology, working with her Phd supervisor Axel Mecklinger and co-researcher Emma Bridger, is examining how power naps influence memory performance.
s Alectinib Shrank Tumors in Nearly Half of Patients With Specific Lung cancer Mutation Genentech Investigational Medicine Alectinib Shrank Tumors in Nearly Half of People With Specific Type of Lung cancer--Alectinib showed response rates of up to
Genentech is a leading biotechnology company that discovers, develops, manufactures and commercializes medicines to treat patients with serious or life-threatening medical conditions.
#Urine test For Early Stage Pancreatic cancer Possible After Biomarker Discovery, Study A combination of three proteins found at high levels in urine can accurately detect early-stage pancreatic cancer,
Of these, three proteins-LYVE1, REG1A and TFF1-were selected for closer examination, based on biological information and performance in statistical analysis.
while to secure proof of principle funding in 2008 to look at biomarkers in urine, but it's been worth the wait for these results.
This is a biomarker panel with good specificity and sensitivity and we're hopeful that a simple,
if the 3-biomarker signature is present during the latency period-the time between the genetic changes that will cause the cancer to develop and the clinical presentation."
said V. Reggie Edgerton, senior author of the research and a UCLA distinguished professor of integrative biology and physiology, neurobiology and neurosurgery.
and Bioengineering (grants U01eb15521 and R01eb007615), the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, the Walkabout Foundation and the Russian Scientific Fund. hese encouraging results provide continued evidence that spinal cord injury may no longer mean a lifelong sentence of paralysis
director of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. he potential to offer a life-changing therapy to patients without requiring surgery would be a major advance;
It a wonderful example of the power that comes from combining advances in basic biological research with technological innovation.
and is director of the laboratory of movement physiology at Russia Pavlov Institute and a researcher in the UCLA department of integrative biology and physiology,
#Real-time Data For Cancer Therapy, MIT Study Biochemical sensor implanted at initial biopsy could allow doctors to better monitor
Now, researchers at MIT Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research are closing that information gap by developing a tiny biochemical sensor that can be implanted in cancerous tissue during the initial biopsy.
The sensor then wirelessly sends data about telltale biomarkers to an external eaderdevice, allowing doctors to better monitor a patient progress
on-demand data concerning two biomarkers linked to a tumor response to treatment: ph and dissolved oxygen.
The sensor housing, made of a biocompatible plastic, is small enough to fit into the tip of a biopsy needle.
revealing changes in the targeted biomarkers. ith these devices, it like taking blood pressure. It a simple measurement.
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