"said Ellington, professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and member of the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic biology."
Professor Peter Waterhouse, a plant geneticist at QUT, discovered the gene in the ancient Australian native tobacco plant Nicotiana benthamiana, known as Pitjuri to indigenous Aboriginals tribes.
which for decades has been used by geneticists as a model plant upon which to test viruses and vaccines.
which for decades has been used by geneticists as a model plant upon which to test viruses and vaccines."
"By sequencing its genome and looking through historical records we have been able to determine that the original plant came from the Granites area near the Western australia and Northern territory border,
"What we found may have a big impact on future plant biotechnology research, "Dr Bally said."
"Professor Waterhouse, a molecular geneticist with QUT's Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, said scientists could use this discovery to investigate other niche
Professor Waterhouse said the team's findings also have implications for future genetic research back here On earth."
Eye and Ear and Dr. Xue Han of the Biomedical engineering Department at Boston University. Other authors include Richie E. Kohman, Kevin Guerra, Angela Nocera, Shrestha Ramanlal, Armine H. Kocharyan and William T. Curry.
alginates and fibrins,"said Adam Feinberg, an associate professor of Materials science and engineering and Biomedical engineering at Carnegie mellon University.
Feinberg leads the Regenerative Biomaterials and Therapeutics Group, and the group's study was published in the October 23 issue of the journal Science Advances.
"As excellently demonstrated by Professor Feinberg's work in bioprinting, our CMU researchers continue to develop novel solutions like this for problems that can have a transformational effect on society,
"We should expect to see 3-D bioprinting continue to grow as an important tool for a large number of medical applications."
a graduate student in biomedical engineering at Carnegie mellon and lead author of the study.""The challenge with soft materials--think about something like Jello that we eat--is that they collapse under their own weight
which does not damage the delicate biological molecules or living cells that were bioprinted. As a next step, the group is working towards incorporating real heart cells into these 3-D printed tissue structures,
providing a scaffold to help form contractile muscle. Bioprinting is a growing field, but to date, most 3-D bioprinters have cost over $100,
000 and/or require specialized expertise to operate, limiting wider-spread adoption. Feinberg's group,
however, has been able to implement their technique on a range of consumer-level 3-D printers,
#Chinese claim world's first 3d blood vessel bioprinter One step further towards organ regeneration. A Chinese biotechnological company claims to be have created the world first 3d blood vessel bioprinter,
which could pave the way, in theory, to producing personalised, functional organs. One of the major stumbling blocks in tissue engineering is supplying artificial tissue with nutrients,
this bioprinter can finish a 10-centimeter blood vessel within two minutes. he core of the printer is the Biobrick,
the 3d bioprinter creates layered cell structures that can be cultivated to form tissues with physiological functions. he achievement here in producing a 3d blood vessel bioprinter is not just that we can print a blood vessel,
#Making life more resistant to stress A recent paper in Current Biology suggests that plants can be engineered against climate change, even drought.
When you consider that the human genome codes for over 600 different forms of just the E3 ligases alone,
whether the interaction of THZ radiation with biological organisms is safe. A theoretical study published by MIT in 2009 suggested that THZ waves may interfere with DNA via nonlinear instabilities,
Until sufficient experimental biological data is gathered, one cannot be entirely certain as to the mechanisms involved,
This is currently the strategy with gene therapy as well, to flood an area with many nonspecific actors to wash out the importance of their individual incompetence,
Hydrogels are useful in biology because theye much like us made mostly of hydro. Theye intrinsically safe for use with biology,
and biomedical engineers are even looking into using them as a bio-safe internal optical network.
The study was initiated in Japan by a group of geneticists at the Okayama University Institute of Plant science
or retains it in the ear. he Japanese geneticists found that the cell walls were much thinner in brittle crop and much thicker in non-brittle crop.
and the natural spreading of the species. After the Japanese geneticists had proved the gene formation was linked to the brittle characteristic,
despite consistent human genetics, suggesting a pivotal role for an environmental factor, "commented Chassaing.""Food interacts intimately with the microbiota
which can activate pro-inflammatory gene expression by the immune system, said Chassaing and colleagues. These changes in bacterial expression triggered chronic colitis in mice genetically prone to this disorder,
which allows biological systems to survive in a large variety of environments, said co-author Luzius Brodbeck. hrough evolutionary adaptation some animals changed their morphologies to live on land instead of under water,
and Fumiya Iida from the Department of Engineering, Cambridge university in the UK and Simon Hauser of Biorobotics Laboratory, EPFLCOLE Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
The key for a meaningful design optimization is to build variations of physical machines through the course of the evolutionary process.
The bioplastic PLA is derived from renewable resources, including the sugar in maize and sugarcane. Fermentation turns the sugar into lactic acid
According to co-author Professor Bert Sels of hape-selective zeolite catalysis for bioplastics productionthe production process for PLA is expensive because of the intermediary steps."
and biotechnology can join forces.""Professor Sels, is of KU Leuven Faculty of Bioscience Engineering (Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis),
and Dr Dusselier, KU Leuven Faculty of Bioscience Engineering (Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis) and California Institute of technology i
#New half-fat soft cheese solution Arla Foods Ingredients has developed a whey protein solution that enables dairies to produce low-fat soft ripened cheeses that taste as good as the full-fat versions.
These techs include things like 3d printing, artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, infinite computing, networks, sensors, nanotechnology, and virtual realitynd is essentially a list of the most disruptive technologies ever invented.
Essentially, even though exponential technologies put the power of the gods (especially if wee talking AI or synthetic biology) into the hands of mere mortals,
Imagine a diabetics biochip detecting blood glucose levels within personalized parameters, and then initiating appropriate, immediate,
Imagine a diabetics biochip detecting blood glucose levels within personalized parameters, and then initiating appropriate, immediate,
a biophysicist and lecturer at the University of Newcastle and a co-author of the study. ather,
director of the Biorobotics Laboratory at Seoul National University, told Live Science.""Natural organisms give a lot of inspiration to engineers."
#quid teethplastic self-heals with water Scientists derived the genetic code of squid ring teeth to develop a polymer that self-heals with a single drop of water.
the researchers used biotechnology to create the proteins in bacteria. The polymer can then either be molded using heat
says Martin Yarmush, professor of biomedical engineering at Rutgers and Ghodbane adviser. Until now, animal research on central nervous system disorders, such as spinal cord injury and Parkinson disease, has been limited
He is aiming to improve the acoustic imaging method for potential use in biological research or medicine
professor of structural bioengineering, who studies bacterial microcompartments (BMCS), to build the protein. BMCS are self-assembling cellular organs that perform myriad metabolic functions,
BMCS have enormous potential for bioengineering, Kerfeld says. ee showed that we can greatly simplify the construction of these factories.
Those with mutations in polycystic kidney disease genes formed balloon-like, fluid-filled sacks, called cysts, from kidney tubules.
The organoids with mutations in podocalyxin, a gene linked to glomerulonephritis, lost connections between filtering cells. utation of a single gene results in changes kidney structures associated with human disease,
Genetically matched kidney organoids without disease-linked mutations showed no signs of either disease, Freedman says.
RISPR can be used to correct gene mutations, explained Freedman. ur findings suggest that gene correction using CRISPR may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
and a 3d printer, bioengineers and surgeons have created an implant with an intricate network of blood vessels.
A research team led by Jordan Miller, assistant professor of bioengineering at Rice university, and Pavan Atluri, assistant professor of surgery at the University of Pennsylvania, conducted the study.
says lead author Jian Feng, professor in the department of physiology and biophysics in the University at Buffalo School of medicine and Biomedical sciences.
and the selective uptake of serotonin. he researchers found that they could produce induced serotonergic neurons from fibroblasts by introducing four genes that control the development of serotonin neurons. hese genes change how the human genome,
This could lead to the production of new drugs and next-generation biomaterials and to a better understanding of how ribosomes function.
Called Ribo-T, the artificial ribosome was created in the laboratories of Michael Jewett, assistant professor of chemical and biological engineering in the Northwestern University Mccormick School of engineering and Applied science
and Alexander Mankin, director of the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Center for Biomolecular Sciences.
or producing designer therapeuticsnd, eventually perhaps even non-biological polymers. No one has developed ever something of this nature. e felt like there was a smallery smallhance Ribo-T could work,
Jewett says. ur new protein-making factory holds promise to expand the genetic code in a unique and transformative way, providing exciting opportunities for synthetic biology and biomolecular engineering,
says senior author Christina Smolke, an associate professor of bioengineering at Stanford university. Now, though the output is smallt would take 4,
about one third of the world supply has shifted to bioreactors. The artemisinin experiments proved that yeast biosynthesis was involved possible,
but adding only six genes. The Stanford team had to engineer 23 genes into yeast to create their cellular assembly line for hydrocodone. his is complicated the most chemical synthesis ever engineered in yeast,
a Phd student in chemistry and a member of Smolke team. heye the action heroes of biology. o get the yeast assembly line going,
which enzyme reconfigures reticuline but even after the bioengineers added this enzyme into their microbial factory,
with proper controls against abuse, allow bioreactors to be located where they are needed, she says. In addition to bioengineering yeast to convert sugar into hydrocodone,
"said Hannele Ruohola-Baker, Ph d.,University of Washington professor of biochemistry and senior author of the paper."
which plays a key role in controlling gene expression and, thereby helps regulate the cell's development, growth and function."
and easily repeatable test for pancreatic cancer, scientists at Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University, have developed a three-protein biomarker panel that can screen urine samples to identify pancreatic cancer
The urine samples were subjected to assays using Gelc-MS/MS (in-gel tryptic digestion followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and ELISA.
The panel performance was described August 3 in the journal Clinical Cancer Research, in an article entitled, dentification of a Three-Biomarker Panel in Urine for Early Detection of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. hen comparing
At present, noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of PDAC are not available. The biomarker panel established by the Barts Cancer Institute scientists,
however, shows promise. e've always been keen to develop a diagnostic test in urine as it has several advantages over using blood.
while to secure proof of principle funding in 2008 to look at biomarkers in urine, but it's been worth the wait for these results.
This is a biomarker panel with good specificity and sensitivity and we're hopeful that a simple,
if the three-biomarker signature is present during the latency periodhe time between the genetic changes that will cause the cancer to develop and the clinical presentation.
"When I showed the results to our clinical geneticists, initially they were floored, "said Stephen Scherer, Ph d.,principal investigator on the current study and Director of The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG) at Sickkids."
"In light of the findings, we suggest that genomic analyses be integrated into the standard of practice for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy."
"CNVS are structural alterations to an individual genome that lead to deletion, additions, or some reorganization of gene sequences that produces aberrant genetic products.
This study will provide the impetus to make genetic testing a standard part of the comprehensive assessment of the child with cerebral palsy."
"When I showed the results to our clinical geneticists, initially they were floored, "said Dr. Scherer."
"In light of the findings, we suggest that genomic analyses be integrated into the standard of practice for diagnostic assessment of cerebral palsy."
"CNVS are structural alterations to an individual genome that lead to deletion, additions, or some reorganization of gene sequences that produces aberrant genetic products.
This study will provide the impetus to make genetic testing a standard part of the comprehensive assessment of the child with cerebral palsy. e
"said Dmitri Kudryashov, Ph d.,assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry at OSU and senior author of the study."
"Therefore, ACD effectively hijacks formin by converting actin molecules into new potent poisons,"said co-corresponding author Elena Kudryashova, Ph d.,a research scientist in chemistry and biochemistry at OSU.
"said first author David Heisler, a graduate student in the Ohio State Biochemistry Program.""This establishes an entirely new toxicity mechanism. e
. Friedman, M d.,Ph d.,at Rockefeller University and the TSRI groups of Ian A. Wilson and Patrick R. Griffin, appears in Chemistry and Biology.
In one proof-of-principle demonstration, the team edited the genetic code of a standard human antibody to replace one of its target-grappling elements structure that normally would bind to a virus
and he suspected that improving the technique's spatial resolution would go a long way toward increasing its use by biologists.
The ability to precisely tune enzymatic reactions with small biomolecules holds enormous potential for industrial manufacturing, analytical science,
"explained senior author Shohei Koide, Ph d.,professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics at the Chicago."
"The findings from this study were published recently in Nature Chemical Biology through an article entitled onobody-mediated alteration of enzyme specificity."
and are already in use as a platform for other applications by biotechnology companies. The University of Chicago team is currently investigating other enzymes that might benefit from monobody technology,
"explained senior author M. Laura Feltri, M d.,professor of biochemistry and neurology in the Jacobs School of medicine and Biomedical sciences at UB."
#Protein Based Sensors Expand Synthetic biology Repertoire Engineering proteins to detect specific DNA, RNA, or peptide sequences may not be a new idea,
but a new approach taken by synthetic biology engineers at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) is as interesting as it is elegant.
senior author James Collins, Ph d.,professor of medical engineering and science in MIT's Department of Biological engineering and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science (IMES)."
whether genetic material has been delivered successfully to cells that they are trying to alter genetically. Cells that did not receive the new gene could be induced to undergo cell death
Indeed, bioinformatic analysis led him to predict the existence of a mysterious protein: COCO, a"recombinational"human molecule that is normally expressed within photoreceptors during their development.
offering the possibility of directly testing potential avenues for therapy on the patient's own tissues. ur work, the Development article concluded, rovides a unique platform to produce human cones for developmental, biochemical,
and lung cancers,"explained co-author Nhan Tran, Ph d.,associate professor in TGEN's Cancer and Cell biology Division."
"Scientists have spent decades trying to find biochemical similarities between placenta tissue and cancer, but we just didn't have the technology to find it,"noted project leader Mads Daugaard, Ph d.,assistant professor of urologic science at UBC and a senior research scientist at the Vancouver Prostate Centre, part of the Vancouver Coastal
"There is some irony that a disease as destructive as malaria might be exploited to treat another dreaded disease,"stated lead author Ali Salanti, Ph d.,professor of immunology and microbiology in the Centre for Medical Parasitology, at the University
"The researchers came up with a biochemical processing method that allows them to generate very large DNA molecules with many thousands of nucleotides.
Through genetic engineering, the scientists were able to remove genes integral to the synthesis of the LPS.
"says Dr. Roy Curtiss, one of the study's researchers and Professor of Microbiology at Arizona State university.
The research was published in the journal American Society for Microbiology y
#"Google maps for the Body"zooms in from whole organs down to individual cells The algorithms used for zooming in
The researchers analyzed the biomechanics of walking and examined ultrasound imaging studies that showed the calf muscle
"As we understand human biomechanics better, we've begun to see wearable robotic devices that can restore
Biological applications are also possible.""Such water-rich, soft actuators would also find applications as components of artificial internal organs
while exhibiting some very unique biological aspects. The way snakes move across surfaces is pretty incredible,
The results of this research were presented recently at the 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society in Milan
Replete with a range of biochemical"cues"designed to enhance and nurture nerve cell formation, these devices have been tested successfully in the bodies of living rats in a laboratory.
Researchers are looking at other biomarkers to see if theye been missing still other hidden cancer ime bombs. og-nose-cancer-Photo-credit-Itsgreg-CC-750px The study was funded by grants from 10 foundations
was funded by Cancer Research UK, the Wellcome Trust and the Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council h
However, genetics may hold the key to developing more effective treatments. My colleagues and I recently discovered that one specific gene may allow us to decode the function of all genes involved in the disease.
partly because of the complexity of the biology underlying thought processes and partly because studying a living brain is very difficult.
However, recent studies have begun to make some headway in understanding the biology of mental health conditions by looking at the gene mutations carried by people diagnosed with such problems.
Origins Of Genetic disease Gene mutations are present in all the cells in the body and can be examined by taking a blood sample.
But despite knowing about hundreds of mutations associated with schizophrenia, we are relatively in the dark about
Many different mutations can give rise to the same apparent condition. On the other hand, no single gene mutation necessarily gives rise to a discernible mental health problem.
One gene we do have some certainty about is known as isrupted in schizophrenia gene 1 (DISC1.
the probability of inheritance from a mutation carried by one parent alone is relatively low.
In contrast, DISC1 mutations are highly penetrant, meaning that carrying the mutation is highly likely to give rise to the characteristic problem.
This makes DISC1 a very useful experimental tool, because if a laboratory animal such as a mouse carries the mutation,
it is highly likely to exhibit the functional problem and to give rise to offspring with the same problem.
instead and we only need a single mutation rather than the several gene mutations that normally give rise to the condition.
DISC1 mutations have also been linked to autism and Asperger syndrome, suggesting that the developmental effects of DISC1 could also be important for understanding these mental health conditions.
The interaction between gene mutations and brain development may have made it difficult to understand how the long list of risk factors can cause problems in the adult brain.
A similar technique, called optogenetics, is currently in practice and uses light pulses to control neurons. Just like a switch in your house turns your lights on and off,
Sreekanth Chalasani of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and lead author said, n contrast to light,
I think we have shot a better with noninvasive sonogenetics approaches than with optogenetics.""Chalasani told the Guardian,
using gene therapy and a therapeutic virus, it may be possible to make target human neurons temporarily susceptible to the ultrasound signal in a clinical setting for certain neurological treatments."
about the size of a few biological cells, the cloak reflected incoming red light differently at various locations, depending on how pronounced their features
These 3d printed nerve pathways were embedded with biochemical cues to promote growth. The final 3d printed product was implanted then into rats with severed nerves.
If confirmed, the research could one day allow infertile men to have their own biological children.
Startup biotechnology company Kallistem in Lyon, France, revealed the breakthrough earlier this year, but now have taken out a patent describing the technique, in tandem with The french National Centre for Scientific research (CNRS).
These are drawn from 79 biological, behavioural, environmental and occupational factors. The list is similar in the UK, with smoking, high blood pressure,
Of metabolic (biological), environmental, or behavioural (lifestyle) factors affecting health, it is lifestyle factors that carry the most weight.
and then around the end of life They also share both biological and environmental risks.
as long as they share a few genetic characteristics with known viruses. According to Kristine Wylie, assistant professor of pediatrics at the university Mcdonnell Genome Institute,
published in Genome Research, ne of the exciting things of using this high-throughput sequencing is the amount of data we are able to generate in a short amount of time.
Researchers can scan the virus genetic sequences and look for a match from conserved genes that have been gathered in public repositories such as the Viral Genome Project.
Virocap has the capacity to detect a vast array of viruses, from the big, bad scary ones such as Ebola or SARS, to the everyday rhinoviruses and noroviruses that cause colds and gastrointestinal flu.
researchers could also begin to look for drug-resistant mutations, and mutations in regions that would indicate
whether a vaccine would or would not be as effective. It may also help researchers understand why some people carry around viruses asymptomatically. e found on average that people carried about 5. 5 different viral genera that could cause disease in certain people,
Virocap can help to add previously unidentified VIRAL DNA to the database of known viruses. he more genome coverage we have,
#Human heart can now be 3d printed using biological materials All 3d printed innovations have something in common:
a graduate student in biomedical engineering at Carnegie mellon and lead author of the study, in a statement.
Biological materials are often soft and fragile in isolation, which proved a challenge for the scientists behind the study.
These soft materials were not mere plastic copies of biological material: collagens, muscle fibers, miniature brain structures,
and branching artery patterns made of biological matter have all been produced using the technique. Most impressively, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of human coronary arteries and 3d images of embryonic human hearts,
who have produced complex biological structures with an unprecedented degree of precision. The team next step is to inject heart cells into these 3d printed biological tissue structures
essentially filling in the printed caffoldingwith its biological oncrete This research has obvious implications for medical science.
Let just take one example: the heart. Human heart tissue has lost its ability to repair
this FRESH technique could produce pieces of bespoke heart tissue for each specific case of heart damage. 3d bioprinters aren new:
whose lab has pioneered many examples of biocompatible flexible electronics.)Researchers eventually developed a lightweight, ultra-thin device that sits on top of the skin without distorting the blood flow it seeks to measure.
molecular biologist James Paulson at the Scripps Research Institute in the US told this publication. he authors exploit Siglec function by attaching sialic acids to nanoparticles that exploit the function of Siglecs and control inflammation,
But the discovery could help provide new understandings of the way that the biochemistry of the brain and body works, in the meantime e
Like biological evolution, the robots mother could look out for the best traits in her children,
according to the researchers. ne of the big questions in biology is how intelligence came about wee using robotics to explore this mystery,
said Iida. ut what we do have are a lot of enabling technologies that will help us import some aspects of biology to the engineering world. m
But the dawn of wearable technology has led to the creation of devices capable of building up workerspersonalised biological profiles,
Dr John Coates, a fellow in neuroscience and finance at the University of Cambridge who specialises in the biology of risk taking and stress, said he is now getting bout one call a weekfrom financial institutions,
when they are n the zoneas well as analysing the wearer current biological signals, the technology could also predict what their physical state might be days ahead of a crucial meeting.
That going to happen in the work world. roducts offering biological monitoring are already on the market.
music to create an environment that is constantly adapting to the mood or genus of human activity.
and can wrap around a three-dimensional object about the size of a few biological cells. he surface of the skin cloak was engineered meta to reroute reflected light waves
and increase interest in developing biologic drugs, Holroyd told Laboratory Equipment. hat is an area where there is limited competition even
when the drug if off patent because biosimilar pathways are still at an early stage.
The government is encouraging companies to invest in biologics, and they are even being given longer market exclusivity.
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