In that short time many atoms along the side of the nanotube become stressed due to the impact resulting in the breaking of the carbon bonds in a straight line along the side of the nanotube.
At the 90â°and 45â°impact angles on the other hand fewer atoms were involved in the impact so the stress was concentrated more on fewer atoms.
Many of these atoms ended up being ejected from the nanotube rather than having their bonds neatly broken as in the 0â°impact angle scenario.
such as a proposal last year by researchers at MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms (CBA) for materials that could be cut out as flat panels
when a single photon can excite multiple electrons. Quantum dots are novel nanostructures that can become the basis of the next generation of solar cells capable of squeezing additional electricity out of the extra energy of blue and ultraviolet photons.
Typical solar cells absorb a wide portion of the solar spectrum but because of the rapid cooling of energetic (or'hot')charge carriers the extra energy of blue and ultraviolet solar photons is wasted in producing heat said Victor Klimov director of the Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics
(CASP) at Los alamos National Laboratory. In principle this lost energy can be recovered by converting it into additional photocurrent via carrier multiplication.
In that case collision of a hot carrier with a valence-band electron excites it across the energy gap Klimov said.
In this way absorption of a single photon from the high-energy end of the solar spectrum produces not just one
but two electron-hole pairs which in terms of power output means getting two for the price of one.
but is enhanced appreciably in ultrasmall semiconductor particles also called quantum dots as was demonstrated first by LANL researchers in 2004 (Schaller & Klimov Phys.
The long lifetime of these energetic holes facilitates an alternative relaxation mechanism via collisions with core-localized valence band electron
when the shell is thick enough the higher energy hole states lay primarily in the shell
while lower energy states still remain confined to the core. This separation leads to electronic decoupling of higher-from lower energy holes states which is observed responsible for the slowed cooling.
While the present CASP work is based on Pbse/Cdse quantum dots the concept of carrier-multiplication engineering through control of intraband cooling is general
"We are talking about an imaging scale here that bridges the gap between conventional X-ray and electron tomography.
"The X-ray radiation damages the samples during the measurement so that they gradually change and even deform.
As a result, the measurement resolution is limited by this radiation dose, especially with sensitive objects such as biological materials,"explains Holler."
which means that we can also exploit the advantages of the method for measurements on radiation-sensitive materials."
#DNA-linked nanoparticles form switchable'thin films'on a liquid surface Scientists seeking ways to engineer the assembly of tiny particles measuring just billionths of a meter have achieved a new firsthe
the study also offers insight into the mechanism of interactions of nanoparticles and DNA molecules near a lipid membrane.
Like the molecule that carries genetic information in living things, the synthetic DNA strands used as"glue"to bind nanoparticles in this study have a natural tendency to pair up
when the bases that make up the rungs of the twisted-ladder shaped molecule match up in a particular way.
if the same approach could be used to achieve designs of two-dimensional, one-particle-thick films."
"Using DNA linker molecules gives us a way to control the interactions between the nanoparticles."
That electrostatic attraction and the repulsion between the negatively charged DNA molecules surrounding adjacent nanoparticles overpower the attractive force between COMPLEMENTARY DNA bases.
the particles form a rather loosely arrayed free-floating viscous monolayer. Adding salt changes the interactions
when the particle sizes and the DNA chain sizes are comparablen the order of 20-50 nanometers,
"Creating these particle monolayers at a liquid interface is very convenient and effective because the particles'two-dimensional structure is very'fluid
'and can be easily manipulatednlike on a solid substrate, where the particles can easily get stuck to the surface,
"Gang said.""But in some applications, we may need to transfer the assembled layer to such a solid surface.
when particles are linked but move freely at the interface, they may allow an object moleculeo pass through the interface."
"However, when we induce linkages between particles to form a mesh-like network, any object larger than the mesh-size of the network cannot penetrate through this very thin film.""
Understanding how synthetic DNA-coated nanoparticles interact with a lipid surface may also offer insight into how such particles coated with actual genes might interact with cell membraneshich are composed largely of lipidsnd with one another in a lipid environment."
"Our study is the first of its kind to look at the structural aspects of DNA-particle/lipid interface directly using x-ray scattering.
because its total charge capacity is 10 times higher than commercial graphite based lithium ion battery anodes.
"Nanoparticles are extraordinarily small particles at the forefront of advances in many biomedical, optical and electronic fields,
it can precisely control nucleation temperature and the resulting size and shape of particles.""For the applications we have in mind,
the control of particle uniformity and size is crucial, and we are also able to reduce material waste,
"Combining continuous flow with microwave heating could give us the best of both worlds large, fast reactors with perfectly controlled particle size."
Silver or copper colloids which gradually release germicidal metal ions into the environment are incorporated in the coating."
The"consumption"of metals to metal ions is then so low that the coating can be effective for several years,
the developers are now looking at increasingly using copper colloids and copper ions as well as silver
n-type which are rich in electrons; and p-type which are poor in electrons. The problem? When exposed to the air n-type materials bind to oxygen atoms give up their electrons
and turn into p-type. Ning and colleagues modelled and demonstrated a new colloidal quantum dot n-type material that does not bind oxygen
when exposed to air. Maintaining stable n -and p-type layers simultaneously not only boosts the efficiency of light absorption it opens up a world of new optoelectronic devices that capitalize on the best properties of both light and electricity.
but also blocks the semiconductor from absorbing light and keeps electrons from passing through to reach the catalyst that drives the reaction.
but allowed electrons to pass through with minimal resistance. On top of the Tio2 the researchers deposited 100-nanometer-thick islands of an abundant inexpensive nickel oxide material that successfully catalyzed the oxidation of water to form molecular oxygen.
These minuscule particles are very effective at turning light into electricity and vice versa. Since the first progress toward the use of quantum dots to make solar cells Bawendi says The community in the last few years has started to understand better how these cells operate and
"which measures how quickly electrons can move through the material.""We were pleased to find that the on/off ratio is
using a strip of scotch tape to peel off a sheet of tungsten diselenide just atoms thick."
because it provides the electron and hole conduction necessary for making transistors with logic gates and other p-n junction devices,"said Argonne scientist and coauthor Anirudha Sumant.
In addition the scientists have invented a means of simultaneously using the nanowire tips as LEDS to illuminate a tiny sample region with optical radiation
or particles that are bound to a cell and aid in the study of protein dynamics.
and use a device called a focused ion beam to drill a hole about 5 micrometers deep in the tip mount.
Optical radiation can serve to excite the sample in a different way from the microwave signal
when the Boulder lab's Precision Imaging Facility gained a focused ion beam. These initial results give us confidence that this technology will impact a broad range of science
#DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY places enzyme catalysis within an arm's length Using molecules of DNA like an architectural scaffold, Arizona State university scientists,
which include molecules such as substrates and cofactors, all fit into a complex enzyme pocket just like a baseball into a glove.
or gold shell you could also vary the scattering ratio of the particles, "he says."
"This particle system was attempted because I was having difficulty with shelling the silica particles, "Mr Duczynski says."
"I was able to see some scattering of the iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles,
meaning these particles could be used as a multimodal contrast agent for imaging techniques such as MRI magnetic resonance imaging. g
The contrast agent being used is packaged inside or bonded to the surface of microscopic particles which can be designed to target certain regions of the body
If particles could be loaded with several types of contrast agents or dyes instead of one or a contrast agent along with another type of diagnostic aid or a medication doctors could more efficiently test for
The researchers designed a fastener molecule DTPA-chitosan-g-C18 that is charged attracting it to the liposome and binding it to the contrast agent gadolinium.
10.1021/nn4026228) Kong and others demonstrated that their fastener molecule readily inserted itself into the membrane of pre-made liposomes.
The new device that Pint and Westover has developed is a supercapacitor that stores electricity by assembling electrically charged ions on the surface of a porous material,
Supercaps must be larger and heavier to store the same amount of energy as lithium-ion batteries.
"Supercapacitors store ten times less energy than current lithium-ion batteries, but they can last a thousand times longer.
Sandwiched between the two electrodes is a polymer film that acts as a reservoir of charged ions, similar to the role of electrolyte paste in a battery.
#Using light to identify chiral molecules for pharmaceuticals A combination of nanotechnology and a unique twisting property of light could lead to new methods for ensuring the purity and safety of pharmaceuticals.
to propose a sensing mechanism that could be used to identify the right-handed and left-handed versions of molecules.
Some molecules are symmetrical, so their mirror image is an exact copy. However, most molecules in nature have a mirror image that differs-try putting a left-handed glove on to your right hand
and you'll see that your hands are not transposable one onto the other. Molecules whose mirror-images display this sort of"handedness"are known as chiral.
The chirality of a molecule affects how it interacts with its surroundings, and different chiral forms of the same molecule can have completely different effects.
Perhaps the best-known instance of this is Thalidomide which was prescribed to pregnant women in the 1950s and 1960s.
One chiral form of Thalidomide worked as an effective treatment for morning sickness in early pregnancy,
Specific molecules bind to specific receptors, so ensuring the correct chiral form is present determines the purity and effectiveness of the end product.
combining a unique twisting property of light with frequency doubling to identify different chiral forms of molecules with extremely high sensitivity,
differing chiral forms of molecules are detected by using beams of polarised light. The way in which the light is twisted by the molecules results in chiroptical effects,
which are typically very weak. By using powerful lasers however, second harmonic generation (SHG) chiroptical effects emerge,
whereby two red photons can be annihilated to create a blue photon, creating blue light from red.
we could selectively destroy the unwanted form of the molecule, while leaving the desired form unaffected,
Riverside Bourns College of Engineering have developed a new way to make lithium-ion batteries that will last three times longer between charges compared to the current industry standard.
The team created silicon dioxide (Sio2) nanotube anodes for lithium-ion batteries and found they had over three times as much energy storage capacity as the carbon-based anodes currently being used.
The paper,"Stable Cycling of Sio2 Nanotubes as High-performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries,"was published online in the journal Nature Scientific Reports.
but the ability to synthesize the material into highly uniform exotic nanostructures with high energy density
#Researchers find definitive evidence of how zeolites grow Researchers have found the first definitive evidence of how silicalite-1 (MFI type) zeolites grow showing that growth is concerted a process involving both the attachment of nanoparticles and the addition of molecules.
And while most crystals grow through classical means the addition of atoms or molecules to the crystal the presence and gradual consumption of nanoparticles suggested a nonclassical pathway for zeolite crystallization.
Rimer and Lupulescu found that both classical and nonclassical growth models were at work. We have shown that a complex set of dynamics takes place Rimer said.
#DNA double helix measurements Researchers at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and the London Centre for Nanotechnology (LCN) have determined the structure of DNA from measurements on a single molecule using atomic force microscopy (AFM),
The collaborative project applied a technique known as'soft-touch'atomic force microscopy to large, irregularly arranged and individual DNA molecules.
In this form of microscopy, a miniature probe is used to feel the surface of the molecules one by one,
the research team measured the structure of a single DNA molecule, finding on average good agreement with the structure first suggested by Watson and Crick in 1953.
Strikingly, however, the single-molecule images also reveal significant variations in the depths of grooves in the double helix structure.
Dai a professor of macromolecular science and engineering at Case Western Reserve and a co-author of the paper explained that most supercapacitors have high power density but low energy density
Conversely batteries have high energy density and low power density which means they can last a long time
Microelectronics to electric vehicles can benefit from energy storage devices that offer high power and high energy density. That's why researchers are working to develop a device that offers both.
Sheets of graphene one to a few atoms thick and aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes self-assemble into an interconnected prorous network that run the length of the fiber.
To create the thin film the researchers spin coated graphene oxide solution to a glass surface.
(or detect molecules of)# an explosive. That requires getting a teensy bit closer to a potentially ticking bomb than most people really want.
#Google Has added Quantum physics To'Minecraft'Video#Minecraft the Lego-style build-your-own-game game has been the canvas for some awesome projects.
quantum physics. The team created a modified version of the game called qcraft that lets players explore the fundamentals of the field by playing in#a world based on quantum principles.
but it s a fun way for players to experience a few parts of quantum mechanics outside of thought experiments or dense textbook examples.#
Bond's solution is a heat exchanger that works by running cold liquid helium through an array of tubes with paper-thin metal walls.
6. The heat exchanger transfers 400 MW of heat from the air to the helium. The diagram shows a helium circulator.
How is the hot helium cooled? 7. Or does the helium start as a liquid
and is dumped overboard after it heats and vaporises? If so the weight of helium has to be considered. 8. Helium becomes a liquid only at 4 deg K. So carrying Liquid helium has its own problems.
Heat is dissipated in vaporizing liquid helium. did I miss something? Will the jet intake be sufficiently heat resistant to deal with reentry heat?
Isn't that what killed discovery? A tile got hit on launch allowing reentry heat to go through one of the wings like a plasma torch!
you can write me at CARTYWILLIAN3@GMAIL. COM. BILLHIMLYNXWIKIPEDIA answers all of your questions. google SABRE (rocket engine)@ wcarty...
and the liquid hydrogen to run a closed cycle helium turbine. The turbine powers a compressor takes the cooled air
the helium is not liquid at any point in the cycle. You can't liquify helium with liquid hydrogen it isn't cold enough d
#Thermal Wristband Keeps Your Body At The Perfect Temperature A group of MIT engineering students wants you to get nice and comfy.
#Scientists Make Photons Act Like Real-life Light Saber A quote from the press release on how this was done:
When the photon exits the medium its identity is preserved Lukin said. It's the same effect we see with refraction of light in a water glass.
As the photons exited the cloud they were clumped together. That's a result of the nearby atoms;
when one atom is excited nearby atoms cannot be excited to the same degree in an effect called a Rydberg blockade.
So when a photon comes in it excites nearby atoms but when the next photon enters the cloud it would excite nearby atoms to the same degree
--which it can't do. So the first photon has to move out of the way.
That's an interaction between photons sort of but with atoms as a mediator. What it means is that the two photons end up pushing
and pulling each other through the cloud of atoms and when they exit the cloud they're clumped like a molecule thanks to that continued interaction.
The scientists think this breakthrough could lead to improvements in quantum computing; photons are an excellent carrier for quantum information
but the lack of interaction between photons has limited the amount of information that can be carried.
The paper appears in the journal Nature t
#Scientists'Eavesdrop'On A Brain A team of researchers from Stanford say they've created a system to eavesdrop on the brain allowing them to monitor a person's brain activity
while that person#moves around (and thinks)# in a normal environment instead of say an MRI chamber.
Scary! Mind-reading!##Inception! BWAMMM. No not really:##it would be tough to pull the researchers'trick off#in cognito.#
#To make it happen the team removed parts of skull from three patients experiencing frequent drug-resistant epileptic seizures then attached a packet of electrodes to their exposed brains.
so particles of mud soot oil or wine stick right where they land. Over the next couple of months Ultratech a Florida-based company will roll out Ultra-Ever Dry a coating that repels most muck.
so that particles can roll right off. Base-coat dry time: 20â##30 minutestop-coat dry time:
A Bright Flash From The Sun At 8: 30 p m. Eastern time yesterday a solar flare peaked on the surface of the sun emitting an intense burst of radiation.
The researchers led by Roger Reeves of the John Hopkins University School of medicine treated newborn mice that had been engineered genetically to have Down syndrome-like characteristics with a small molecule called SAG.
#A Smartphone App That Detects Radiation In A Disaster Disaster City is your one-stop for about every catastrophe you can think of.
a smartphone app that detects radiation. Gammapix which sounds like one of those weird apps you accidentally find in the App store
and Android#that can be used for the detection of radioactivity in everyday life such as exposure on airplanes from medical patients or from contaminated products.
Chips inside of a smartphone's built-in camera are sensitive to gamma rays; Gammapix uses its software to measure the impact of those rays
and give a picture of radioactivity#in the area. The company says it works from up to 100 meters away.#
#Wednesday at the Disaster City exercise first responders measured radiation levels with the app then practiced sending the data to officials through a wireless network.
and be prepared to monitor radioactivity in an emergency although they probably (hopefully) wouldn't get much of a chance to use it.
TALE is a molecule that gloms onto a section of DNA and affects whether a nearby gene is turned on or off.
Just as grocery store receipts show which foods are most popular RNA molecules which carry genetic information from DNA reveal
where it combines with a molecule designed to bind solely with the drug in question. Binding sets off a fluorescent probe,
At least quantum physics is open to searching for this truth. As benign as this human cloning seems right now IT will be abused in the future.
Sugar is One Atom Away from Cocaine http://tugunchiro. com. au/articles/sugar-is-one-atom-away-from-cocaine. htmlnot only is sugar (C12h22o11) not one atom away from cocaine (C17h21no4)
For instance Hydrogen peroxide (H2o2) is one atom away from Water (H20. Drinking Hydrogen peroxide will result in death
and negative sources of non-iodizing radiation (the correct term to use) which include transmission towers (cellular and digital television broadcasting) fluorescent lighting Wi-fi Power lines and certain appliances.
and mapping their frequencies and power outputs one is able to see a correlation within a set radius of bee populations affected by theses sources of non-iodizing radiation.
or none RF radiation would be places of high bee population. I wonder if this has been looked at to give validity to the above theory.
but it s quite large when it comes to observing the tiny individual molecules in the human body.
A small molecule can be just one nanometer long. With the help of these nanoscopes researchers have been able to visualize molecules such as those created in synapses in the brain.
They can also track protein buildup in numerous degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s or Parkinson s. In fact nanoscopy can even be used to visualize the individual proteins in fertilized eggs.
One beam arouses fluorescent molecules to glow while the second beam suppresses all other fluorescence except for that in a nanometer-sized area.
Eric Betzig and William Moernerreceived Nobel prizes for their work in advancing the field of single-molecule microscopy.
Though the two scientists worked separately both of their methods involved turning the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off using a molecule called the green fluorescent protein (GFP.
Moerner and Betzig discovered they could turn the fluorescence of GFP on and off at will showing that it s possible to control the fluorescence of a single molecule.
A The body or shroud of Altaeros's Buoyant Airborne Turbine (BAT) is kept aloft by 1000 cubic meters of helium.
As the Airborne wind turbine makes giant vertical loops air spins four rotors which drive generators. A tether sends the power to a ground station.
As the ozone hole over the continent has shrunk it's letting in less UV radiation--which along with complex ocean circulation factors
Both atoms have one proton in their nuclei but deuterium contains an extra neutron and it mostly forms under special conditions.#
#In interstellar space for example water ice contains lots of deuterium thanks to the freezing cold temperatures and ionizing radiation.
Earthly water contains some deuterium too but in low quantities--up to 30 times less than interstellar water.
and radiation conditions that would have existed back then it wasn t possible for the young solar system to create the ratios of hydrogen
It s a case of atoms versus bits.##Historically big companies have dominated hardware production for two simple reasons:
In recent years a number of labs have created genetically engineered silkworms that spin part-spider silk.
Quoting MIT energy professor Angela Belcher a study co-author an MIT press release notes that with time ticking down on lead-acid batteries in favor of lithium ion cells we need to be thinking ahead on handling a looming toxic waste problem:
"The clear message here is that detection of airborne MERS molecules, which were 100 percent identical with the viral genomic sequence detected from a camel actively shedding the virus in the same barn on the same day,
electronics send signals via negatively charged electrons, whereas many of the communications carried out in living tissues take place through the movement of positively charged particles, such as calcium and potassium ions.
Now, though, scientists have discovered a new feature of a protein called reflectin, found in a group of animals called pencil squid.
It turns out reflectin conducts protons and may be able to bridge the communication divide between cells and biomedical implants.
Reflectin transported protons, they found, nearly as effectively as many of the best artificial materials. It's ability to move around these positive charges
Scientists have been conducting research on micrometre-sized actuators that one day may make it possible to transport drugs or chemical sensor molecules to specific locations throughout the human body.
This field magnetised the nanoparticles leading to a particle re-arrangement in form of parallel lines.
The researchers then manufactured the tiny elongated structures out of the modified epoxy film via two-photon polymerisation.
or chemical sensor molecules to specific locations in the body the actuators must be coated with the corresponding molecules.
This fusion of right brain creativity with left brain logic engages children and promotes cross-disciplinary learning.
Self-assembly of this kind can be found in nature#from molecules forming regular crystals
and dissemination the second five-year plan focuses on expansion through the pursuit of technological fusion with other industrial sectors such as manufacturing and services.
and pursuing robot fusion networking through a private#public investment of $2. 6b US over the next five years.
The Korean government will enhance global cooperation through its Seven Robot Fusion Business Strategies roadmap initially involving the manufacturing automotive medical rehabilitation culture defense education
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011