The innovation here isn't so much the material used in the batteries-it's the same lithium-ion compound that makes up the smartphone batteries of today-but the way in
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
or larger than those used in today's lithium-ion batteries. Today's batteries provide a reliable power supply for our smartphones electric cars
In crystalline form vanadium pentoxide can take three positively charged lithium ions--three times more than materials presently used in cathodes such as lithium iron phosphate.
However crystalline vanadium pentoxide cannot release all of the inserted Li-ions and only allows a few stable charge/discharge cycles.
This is because once the lithium ions penetrate the crystalline lattice during the loading process the lattice expands.
In glass a so-called amorphous material atoms do not arrange themselves in a regular lattice as they do
Instead the atoms exist in a state of wild disarray. To produce the cathode material Afyon
and lithium ions as they are transported through the electrodes. Afyon used this vanadate-borate glass powder for the battery cathodes
This would be enough energy to power a mobile phone between 1. 5 and two times longer than today's lithium-ion batteries Afyon estimates.
and uses two different laser beams to excite mercury atoms and monitor blue shifted atomic fluorescence.
where the mercury atom is combined with another element or elements and becomes more efficiently deposited in the environment."
"The atoms sit in a perfectly ordered lattice in the nanowire crystal, not only in the semiconductor and the metal,
But any quantum computer--say one whose qubits are trapped laser ions or nitrogen atoms embedded in diamond--would still benefit from using entangled photons to move quantum information around.
Because ultimately one will want to make such optical processors with maybe tens or hundreds of photonic qubits it becomes unwieldy to do this using traditional optical components says Dirk Englund the Jamieson Career development Assistant professor in Electrical engineering and Computer science at MIT and corresponding author on the new paper.
The team of physicists at ANU and the University of Otago stored quantum information in atoms of the rare earth element europium embedded in a crystal.
At just one atom thick graphene is the thinnest substance capable of conducting electricity. It is very flexible
Magnetic fields are also sources of interference in many applications such as cold atom microsystems. These constraints have deterred availability of Faraday effect isolators for on-chip optical systems till date.
The innovation is advanced an barrier between the electrodes in a lithium-ion battery. Made with nanofibers extracted from Kevlar, the tough material in bulletproof vests,
"Lithium-ion batteries work by shuttling lithium ions from one electrode to the other. This creates a charge imbalance,
the lithium atoms can build themselves into fernlike structures, called dendrites, which eventually poke through the membrane.
They are large enough to let individual lithium ions pass, but small enough to block the 20-to-50-nanometer tips of the fern-structures.
which is important for good lithium-ion conductivity between the electrodes, Tung said.""The special feature of this material is we can make it very thin,
they are currently looking for ways to improve the flow of loose lithium ions so that batteries can charge
The study,"A dendrite-suppressing solid ion conductor from aramid nanofibers, "will appear online Jan 27 in Nature Communications.
To resolve that imbalance you could have other ions come in and bond or have the oxide lose
Now if the oxide surface says'I wish I had more negative charge'instead of the oxide gathering ions from the environment
or by binding ions from the aqueous solution the researchers were able to show the relationship between the polarization of the oxide
As detailed in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, they validated the instrument--a laser ablation resonance ionization mass spectrometer--by dating a rock from Mars:
The researchers at first fabricated high-quality, atomically thin Fese films Fig. 1, with thickness of between one monolayer (which corresponds to three-atoms thickness) and twenty monolayers (sixty-atoms thickness),
the researchers have discovered a novel method to deposit alkali atoms onto the films and thereby control the electron density in the film.
and is punctured with tiny holes created by a microfabrication process known as focused ion beam milling. The bottom layer of silver is four times thicker than the top layer but still minuscule at 100 nanometers.
especially in situations like this where the radionuclides are diluted highly but still present at levels deemed hazardous,
and transport properties of the"intermediate state"in lithium-ion batteries--key to understanding the mechanisms of charge
Lithium ions distribute themselves so as not to disturb this striped pattern. In addition, the intermediate state showed high lithium/electron conductivity compared to the charged
That is, both lithium ions and electrons could move faster in the intermediate state, contributing significantly to accelerating lithium-ion battery charge
and discharge reactions. The findings were contrary to expectations.""The intermediate state showed a long lifetime,
By labelling certain segments of an enzyme with heavy isotopes, the researchers have found that'heavy'and'light'versions of enzymes have different catalytic properties,
The researchers altered the weight of DHFR by adding heavy isotopes--specifically carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen--onto certain segments of the enzyme.
#A diode a few atoms thick shows surprising quantum effect A quantum mechanical transport phenomenon demonstrated for the first time in synthetic,
was observed when a voltage was applied to structures made of one-atom-thick layers of several layered materials known as Van der waals materials.
and atoms and the extended spin-coherence times are essential steps toward realizing real-world quantum memories and, hence, quantum computing systems,
Nanoscale mirrored cavities that trap light around atoms in diamond crystals increase the quantum mechanical interactions between light and electrons in atoms.
and living mice with an amino acid called L-methionine, enriched for naturally occurring stable isotopes of carbon and hydrogen,
and measuring the uptake of these isotopes to 5fc in DNA. The lack of uptake in the non-dividing adult brain tissue pointed to the fact that 5fc can be a stable modification:
this uptake of isotopes would be high. The researchers believe that 5fc might alter the way DNA is recognised by proteins.'
Researchers were able to identify for the first time the number of VOCS in breath samples by using a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer,
The compounds in their exhaled breath are analysed by a selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer. The researchers used breath samples of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust from 2011 to 2013.
In an engineering first, Cui and his colleagues used lithium-ion battery technology to create one low-cost catalyst that is capable of driving the entire water-splitting reaction.'
'Our group has pioneered the idea of using lithium-ion batteries to search for catalysts, 'Cui said.'
The idea is to use lithium ions to chemically break the metal oxide catalyst into smaller and smaller pieces.'
#New manufacturing approach slices lithium-ion battery cost in half An advanced manufacturing approach for lithium-ion batteries, developed by researchers at MIT and at a spinoff company called 24m,
The existing process for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries, he says, has changed hardly in the two decades
while a flow battery system is appropriate for battery chemistries with a low energy density (those that can only store a limited amount of energy for a given weight), for high-energy density devices such as lithium-ion batteries,
"We realized that a better way to make use of this flowable electrode technology was to reinvent the lithium ion manufacturing process."
While conventional lithium-ion batteries are composed of brittle electrodes that can crack under stress, the new formulation produces battery cells that can be bent,
With traditional lithium-ion production plants must be built at large scale from the beginning in order to keep down unit costs,
The study began with precise measurements of isotopes of iron and neodymium using one of the world's fastest lasers,
Isotopes, forms of an atom that differ only by weight, are used often to"fingerprint"the source of various samples.)
Previous probes of the source of banded iron had focused on iron isotopes.""There has been debate about
what the iron isotopes were telling us about the source, "Li says.""Adding neodymium changed that picture
and ions together in the materials at a speed that is ultrafast and allow new electronic phases to spontaneously form to engineer new properties,
Polyu researchers have developed a simplified method for direct analysis of edible oils using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). In the new MALDI-MS
The diaphragms in the new devices are graphene sheets a mere one atom thick that have the right combination of stiffness,
One big advantage of graphene is that the atom-thick sheet is so lightweight that it responds well to the different frequencies of an electronic pulse, unlike today's piezoelectric microphones and speakers.
highly symmetrical planes of oxygen atoms (somewhat like a densely packed box of marbles) where different metallic elements are lodged in the spaces between them.
The embedded metal ions in the Ni1-xcuxcr2o4 spinel system cause a distortion of the crystal structure.
or copper atoms sit at what are referred to as tetragonal sites of the crystal structure. Due to their different configurations of electrons, these tetrahedra become elongated along the crystallographic c-axis for nickel,
since the kinetic energy of the atoms still suppresses the Jahn-Teller effect and magnetic ordering cannot become established.
"Atoms are not just spheres. They do crazy things, especially when they are in a geometrical system like a crystal,
instead depends upon the uncanny ability of gold atoms to trap silicon-carrying electrons to selectively prevent the etching.
the researchers found that even a sparse cover of gold atoms over the silicon matrix would prevent etching from occurring in their proximity.
when exposed to a field that brings the magnetic moments of its atoms into alignment. Think of each atom
or ion as a tiny self-contained magnet that can align itself with the neighboring magnetic ions,
like the needle of a compass. The magnetic moment of a material can be tied local to a specific atom)
or itinerant (not bonded to a single atom). Itinerant wanderers can extend their influence over more than one atom,
facilitating communications between their"up"or"down"spin states. They also allow for handy things like electrical conductivity in metals.
Atomic moments in local-moment ferromagnets--that is, common magnetic materials--align all of their spins in the same direction.
As it turns out, a group of atoms essential to the drug molecule's effectiveness,
these particles attach themselves to potassium ions in the lower part of the colon, where the concentration of free potassium is the highest.
"At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
#Sticky tape and phosphorus the key to ultrathin solar cells The team used sticky tape to create single-atom thick layers,
Replicating the experimental setup required simulating up to 1. 2 million atoms for dry environments and up to 10 million atoms for humid environments.
it generates thrust by accelerating ions (electrically charged atoms or molecules) out the back of a spacecraft.
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
and Photonic Nano-Meta Technologies Inc. A nitrogen-vacancy center is an atomic-scale defect formed in the diamond lattice by substituting a nitrogen atom for a carbon atom
Constructed of artificial atoms and molecules the optical metamaterials owe their unusual potential to precision engineering on the scale of nanometers.
a technique called Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization is emerging as a key process for creating well-defined polymers for a vast range of materials, from adhesives to electronics.
Their study was recently detailed in a paper titled etal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
#Chemists one step closer to new generation of electric car battery Lithium sulphur (Li-S) batteries can theoretically power an electric car three times further than current lithium-ion batteries for the same weight at much
sulphur can provide a competitive cathode material to lithium cobalt oxide in current lithium-ion cells.
#A Battery That Last Twice as Long A Solidenergy startup has developed a lithium-ion battery that stores far more energy.
which can store more lithium ions. The design consists of an ultra-thin metal anode made of thin lithium on copper
Solid Polymer Ionic Liquid (SPIL) electrolyte enables the ultra-thin lithium metal anode and improves the cell-level energy density by 50%compared to graphite anodes
It can be manufactured using existing Li-ion manufacturing facility leveraging mature infrastructure. The company says its prototype can be recharged 300 times while retaining 80%of its original storage capacityloser to
#One-atom-thin silicon transistors hold promise for super-fast computing Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin Cockrell School of engineering have created the first transistors made of silicene, the world thinnest silicon material.
Made of a one-atom-thick layer of silicon atoms, silicene has outstanding electrical properties
another atom-thick material with promise for chip development, researchers speculated that silicon atoms could be structured in a broadly similar way.
To start, the researchers let a hot vapor of silicon atoms condense onto a crystalline block of silver in a vacuum chamber.
Being so thin, at only 10-40 atoms thick, these new components can form the basis for the first generation of semitransparent smart devices.
One-atom thick graphene was isolated first and explored in 2004 at The University of Manchester.
The nonlinear interaction between the light and the gas atoms in the special fibre makes different wavelengths travel at different velocities.
They can rip electrons away from their atoms they can accelerate electrons they can help to monitor the dynamics of chemical reactions.
they focused the pulse onto a target of xenon gas ionizing the xenon atoms. Depending on the exact shape of the laser pulse the electrons ripped away from the xenon atoms can be sent into different directions. t is an ultrafast electron switchsays Tadas Balciunas.
The photonics team at the Vienna University of Technology is planning to use this new technology for a variety of measurements in the future
By constructing tiny irrorsto trap light around impurity atoms in diamond crystals, the team dramatically increased the efficiency with
The NV consists of a nitrogen atom in the place of a carbon atom, adjacent to a crystal vacancy inside the carbon lattice of diamond.
and air tightly spaced around the impurity atom of an NV center. At each interface between the layers there a little bit of reflectionike the reflections from a glass surface.
The new findings using a layer of one-atom-thick graphene deposited on top of a similar 2-D layer of a material called hexagonal boron nitride (hbn) are published in the journal Nano Letters.
Although the two materials are structurally similar both composed of hexagonal arrays of atoms that form two-dimensional sheets they each interact with light quite differently.
#Semiliquid Battery Almost As good as its Lithium Ion Counterparts and Supercapacitators Developed by researchers at the University of Texas, Austin,
A new semiliquid battery combines all that is best about its lithium ion counterparts and supercapacitators (pictured above) to bring us closer to the next generation of energy storage devices.
though slightly lower than that of lithium-ion batteries. This combination is a real winner considering that the battery is designed mostly for use in hybrid electric vehicles and energy storage for renewable energy sources.
Yu and his team attribute the battery stellar performance in large part to its liquid electrode design. he ions can move through the liquid battery very rapidly compared to in a solid battery,
Synchrotron X-ray scattering utilizes a particle accelerator to generate X-ray beams that allow researchers to determine how atoms
#Single Atom Building blocks For Future Electronics The material is called a silicene, a layer of silicon single atoms arranged in a honeycomb pattern that was fabricated first by researchers at UOW Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM) and their partners in Europe and China.
An ISEM team led by Professor Shi Xue Dou and Dr Yi Du have published breakthrough research into a new material call silicene.
Dr Du team had to reak the laws of chemistryand create an artificial environment using an ultra-high vacuum. hen we vibrate the silicon atoms it causes heat
and the atoms disassemble, Dr Du said. hen we use two small robotic arms that we move with a hand-held video game controller to catch the atoms in the vacuum chamber
and place them one at a time on a plate to form the silicene paper. he process is like laying bricks,
only these are bricks are the size of a single atom. A 1 centimetre-long chain contains 10 million silicon atoms.
Studying the fundamental physics is helping the researchers build a more complete picture of the material,
which converge on the metal atoms and hold them in the aperture between their tips.
Because of neodymium slightly larger size, the tips don get as close together as they do around dysprosium atoms. he difference in size between the two ions is not that significant,
The combination of the two neodymium complexes, known as a dimer, encapsulates the neodymium ions, enabling them to dissolve in solvents like benzene or toluene.
While yet other mass spectrometry-based techniques such as desorption electrospray ionization and rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry are being evaluated for classifying tumors and providing prognostic information,
and living mice with an amino acid called L-methionine, enriched for naturally occurring stable isotopes of carbon and hydrogen,
and measuring the uptake of these isotopes to 5fc in DNA. The lack of uptake in the non-dividing adult brain tissue pointed to the fact that 5fc can be a stable modification:
this uptake of isotopes would be high. The researchers believe that 5fc might alter the way DNA is recognised by proteins. nmodified DNA interacts with a specific set of proteins,
#New manufacturing approach slices lithium-ion battery cost in half An advanced manufacturing approach for lithium-ion batteries, developed by researchers at MIT and at a spinoff company called 24m,
The existing process for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries, he says, has changed hardly in the two decades
for high-energy density devices such as lithium-ion batteries, the extra complexity and components of a flow system would add unnecessary extra cost.
e realized that a better way to make use of this flowable electrode technology was to reinvent the lithium ion manufacturing process.
While conventional lithium-ion batteries are composed of brittle electrodes that can crack under stress, the new formulation produces battery cells that can be bent,
With traditional lithium-ion production plants must be built at large scale from the beginning in order to keep down unit costs,
Viswanathan adds that 24m new battery design ould do the same sort of disruption to lithium ion batteries manufacturing as
At just one atom thick, graphene is the thinnest substance capable of conducting electricity. It is very flexible
Perfect graphene an atom-thick sheet of carbon is a conductor, as its atomselectrical charges balance each other out across the plane.
the characteristic that controls how polarized atoms interact with external electric fields. The researchers who published their results this month in the American Chemical Society Journal of Physical chemistry Letters discovered they could calculate the flexoelectric effect of graphene rolled into a cone of any size and length.
The researchers used density functional theory to compute dipole moments for individual atoms in a graphene lattice
in which the balance of positive and negative charges differ from one atom to the next, due to slightly different stresses on the bonds as the diameter changes.
The researchers noted atoms along the edge also contribute electrically, but analyzing two cones docked edge-to-edge allowed them to cancel out,
and their behavior using only a handful of helium ions. The team technique, published in Physical Review Letters,
This is accomplished by adding a few helium ions into a complex oxide material and provides a never before possible level of control over magnetic and electronic properties. y putting a little helium into the material,
The method uses a low energy ion gun to add small numbers of helium ions into the material after it has been produced.
allowing the cobalt atoms to become accessible at the surface, which is critical in electronic transport through the SAM and into the organic semiconductor.
The diaphragms in the new devices are graphene sheets a mere one atom thick that have the right combination of stiffness
An atom-thick layer of carbon atoms, called graphene (black mesh), provides the vibrating diaphragm for both an ultrasonic microphone and loudspeaker.
UC Berkeleyone big advantage of graphene is that the atom-thick sheet is so lightweight that it responds immediately to an electronic pulse, unlike today piezoelectric microphones and speakers.
and that is our world we can control cellulose-based materials one atom at a time. he Hinestroza group has turned cotton fibers into electronic components such as transistors and thermistors,
instead depends upon the uncanny ability of gold atoms to trap silicon-carrying electrons to selectively prevent the etching.
Much to their surprise, the researchers found that even a sparse cover of gold atoms over the silicon matrix would prevent etching from occurring in their proximity.
called stripe-type-lambda-trititanium-pentoxide, is composed of only titanium atoms and oxygen atoms, and can absorb
#Researchers Build a Transistor from a Molecule and A few Atoms An international team of physicists has used a scanning tunneling microscope to create a minute transistor consisting of a single molecule and a small number of atoms.
Scanning tunneling microscope image of a phthalocyanine molecule centered within a hexagon assembled from twelve indium atoms on an indium arsenide surface.
The positively charged atoms provide the electrostatic gate of the single-molecule transistor. See more at:
-and-a few-atoms#sthash. sfyr4um9. dpuftransistors have a channel region between two external contacts and an electrical gate electrode to modulate the current flow through the channel.
and positively charged metal atoms, positioning them with the STM tip on the surface of an indium arsenide (Inas) crystal.
Subsequently, the STM approach allowed the researchers to assemble electrical gates from the+1 charged atoms with atomic precision
In our case, the charged atoms nearby provide the electrostatic gate potential that regulates the electron flow
NC State engineer Orlin Velev and colleagues show that silver-ion infused lignin nanoparticles, which are coated with a charged polymer layer that helps them adhere to the target microbes,
Atoms, and the protons and neutrons that make up their nuclei, are familiar terms in science.
Lithium ion batteriescathodes typically contain heavy metal ions like manganese, cobalt or iron, but in lithium air batteries, the much lighter oxygen in a sense acts as the cathode, creating a more efficient design.
we can imagine seeing atom-sized defects in chips, says Campbell, an electrical engineer whose work often concerns the semiconductor industry. ut wee also excited for the huge number of people who can now use this technique in chemistry and biology.
This allowed them to record high-speed movies of the nanowire growth as it happens atom-by-atom.
and a thin sheet of gold placed a mere 20 atoms away. This field interacts with quantum dotspheres of semiconducting material just six nanometers widehat are sandwiched in between the nanocube and the gold.
The attice constantrepresents the distance between the atoms. To produce all possible wavelengths in the visible spectral range you need several semiconductors of very different lattice constants
which phosphorus atoms join together to form a two-dimensional puckered sheet. Last year, researchers built a field-effect transistor out of black phosphorus
A report from Deutsche Bank this year said solar energy storage would be cheap enough to be deployed on a large scale within five years as a result of a yearly cost reduction of 20%to 30%in the price of lithium-ion
Surrounded by just 12 atoms, it is likely to be the smallest possible size for a transistor and the hard limit for Moore law.
The transistor is made of a single molecule of phthalocyanine surrounded by ring of 12 positively charged indium atoms placed on an indium arsenide crystal,
Each indium atom is 167 picometres in diameter, which makes them 0. 167nm wide or 42 times smaller than the very smallest circuits currently possible,
For comparison a strand of human hair, at 100, 000nm thick, is about 600,000 times wider than the atoms surrounding the new transistor.
and was made possible using a scanning tunnelling electron microscope to place atoms in exact positions and control the electron flow through the gate.
The work proves that precise control of atoms to create a transistor smaller than any other quantum system available is possible
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