Laser

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Synopsis: Domenii: Photonics & laser: Photonics & laser generale: Laser:

Injector gadget This process allows the flow of droplets of fuel to be imaged in a way that is not possible with ordinary light or lasers, for example.

delivering 10 to 100 times faster 3d imaging speeds than laser scanning confocal, two-photon,

the scientists used a technique called laser capture microdissection that was effective in removing individual cells from the chip without damaging them,

Tseng said it is conceivable that the new system will replace laser capture microdissection as the standard protocol. ith our new system,

a miniature dovetail stage and a laser diode that excites the fluorescently labeled DNA molecules"for the demonstration.

The device uses a thumbnail-sized quantum cascade laser (QCL) as well as tuning forks that cost no more than a dime to detect very small amounts of nitrous oxide and methane.

That allows for far better detection of gases than more common lasers that operate in the near-infrared.

and is far better able to detect trace amounts of gas than lasers used in the past.

The laser beam is focused between the two prongs of the quartz tuning fork. When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest

It then builds the new part by laser sintering a process in which lasers are guided by an image to add layers of powdered material on top of each other where needed until the exact shape required is achieved.

Efficiency by design The new technology reduces waiting times and post-surgery complications, saving on care costs and helping patients resume their normal lives more quickly.

#Developing high-efficiency lasers to manufacture solar panels As the world continues its efforts to combat climate change

The project could have multiple benefits not only boosting Europe leadership position in lasers and in the photovoltaic (PV) industry,

and producing lasers and it is important to build on that, says Professor Stefano Selleri of Università degli Studi di Parma in Italy,

Just consider the fact that the laser and fibre laser market has remained completely unaffected by a global economic crisis

which left very few other sectors undamaged. Solar panels are able to function because they have intricate patterns of tiny channels engraved into their surface,

using a sharp stylus. The primary focus of the ALPINE project was to pioneer the use of new fibre laser technology to do this engraving

The use of lasers makes the process much quicker, enabling scribing speeds of metres per second way beyond the capability of mechanical scribing.

the ALPINE scientists investigated the potential of a new type of laser. Compared with existing lasers,

photonic crystal fibre (PCF) lasers offer better and more accurate beam quality, are highly efficient, use less power,

and generate less heat. This novel laser system was given especially important the requirement for the scribing process to work with the new,

high-tech materials now being developed for solar panels. In place of conventional solar panels measuring up to 5 millimetres in thickness,

PCF lasers provide this accuracy. Moreover, since PCF lasers operate with ultra-short pulse rates,

they remain cooler than traditional lasers and avoid causing any heat damage to the film.

The new materials provide several advantages, whether the panels are deployed terrestrially or in space. Their significantly reduced weight is one clear benefit.

The results of the ALPINE team work, demonstrating the capability of PCF lasers to transform existing scribing technology and opening the way to rapid growth in the high-volume production of flexible,

to be replaced by laser scribing. This will not only increase the processing speed, but it will also reduce the cost of ownership of the new technology because of its low maintenance and its cost-efficiency.

While working at The netherlands Centre for Laser Research in 2000 he received Marie Curie funding to support two research fellows.

Laser marking might be the answerbut existing techniques produce microscopiccracks in the glass. It was to find a solution to this problem that the EU-funded SFERA project was set upusing funding from a programme designed tostimulate innovation by fostering cooperationbetween small and medium sized businessesaround Europe.

In a sector where aesthetics arecrucial the laser engraving is almost invisible. More than that it can even be used to produceattractive light diffraction effects taht actuallyenhance the product a real win-win situation.

and laser and fluid polishing. he software Delcam developed under COMET is already generating up to a million euros in additional sales,

in cooperation with Thales Research and Technology in the United kingdom, say the tuneable laser source integrated on silicon is a groundbreaking achievement in efforts to secure fully integrated transceivers.

The group from CEA-Leti and III-V lab also demonstrated single wavelength tuneable lasers with a 21 ma threshold at 20o Celsius, a 45 nm tuning range and a side mode suppression ratio larger than 40 db over the tuning range.

'We are proud to jointly present with III-V lab the results of the integrated silicon photonics transmitter and the tuneable laser.

The ability to integrate a tuneable laser, a modulator and passive waveguides on silicon paves the way of further developments on integrated transceivers that can address several application needs in metropolitan and access networks, servers, data centres,

this can be shown, for example, by laser excitation. To this end, photodetectors with an extremely narrow bandwidth are required,

These agents are excited by a laser beam in order to produce fluorescence in the UV range of the spectrum.

Using a standard laser printer stocked with special wax-based inks he printed patterns of small dots onto uncoated filter paper.

#Laser probe knows if you ate your veggies Yale university rightoriginal Studyposted by Michael Greenwood-Yale on November 6 2014a diet full of fruits

##The RRS device works by measuring changes in energy levels of electrons in molecules after the laser has excited them.

#See into living brain with lasers and nanotubes By injecting carbon nanotubes into the bloodstream, scientists can use near-infrared lasers to see blood flow in a living animal brain.

The new technique, which is almost completely noninvasive, was developed for mice, but could offer insight into human ailments, such as strokes, migraines,

The researchers then shine a near-infrared laser over the rodent skull. The light causes the specially designed nanotubes to fluoresce at wavelengths of 1, 300-1, 400 nanometers;

With optogenetic tools that allowed the team to tune the firing frequency of these Chat+neurons up and down with laser light,

#Laser probe knows if you ate your veggies Yale university rightoriginal Studyposted by Michael Greenwood-Yale on November 6 2014a diet full of fruits

by measuring changes in energy levels of electrons in molecules after the laser has excited them.

#How energy loss can make lasers more intense Washington University in St louis rightoriginal Studyposted by Tony Fitzpatrick-WUSTL on October 20 2014energy loss in optical systems such as lasers is a chief hindrance

and efficiency and it occurs on an ongoing frustrating basis. To help laser systems overcome loss operators often pump the system with an overabundance of photons

or light packets to achieve optical gain. his turns the conventional textbook understanding of lasers upside down. ut now scientists have demonstrated a more effective#yet counterintuitive#way to reap energy gains:

they add loss to the laser system. In other words they ve invented a way to win by losing. oo much of something can be really detrimentalsays Sahin Kaya Ozdemir a research scientist at Washington University in St louis. f you pump in more energy to get more laser intensity

and it s too strong you can get a sudden drop in the laser performance. t is counterintuitive

and paradoxical to see that the lasing starts and its output power becomes higher and higher

when more loss is introduced that is less pumping is usedadds Ozdemir. his turns the conventional textbook understanding of lasers upside down. he results were published recently in the journal Science.

The experimental system that the researchers used consists of two tiny directly coupled silica microtoroid (doughnut-shaped) resonators each coupled to a different fiber-taper coupler that aids in guiding light from a laser diode to photodetectors;

We used the laser to show it. he Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers Army Research Office US Department of energy RIKEN ithes Project MURI Center for Dynamic Magneto-Optics Grant-in-aid for Scientific research Vienna Science and Technology Fund

You can create materials by design. he researchers use a direct laser writing method called two-photon lithography to ritea three-dimensional pattern in a polymer by allowing a laser beam to crosslink

The parts of the polymer that were exposed to the laser remain intact while the rest is dissolved away revealing a three-dimensional scaffold.

#Chilly molecules pave way for ultracold science Yale university rightoriginal Studyposted by Jim Shelton-Yale on August 25 2014physicists have chilled molecules to almost absolute zero using lasers fired from an apparatus they built in the lab. The molecules

The technology uses lasers to simultaneously cool particles and hold them in place. magine having a shallow bowl with a little molasses in itdemille explains. f you roll some balls into the bowl they will slow down

and the bowl with molasses is created via laser beams and magnetic fields. ntil now the complicated vibrations and rotations of molecules proved too difficult for such trapping.

The process uses a dozen lasers each with a wavelength controlled to the ninth decimal point. f you wanted to put a picture of something high-tech in the dictionary this is

which is slowed by pushing on it with a laser. t s like trying to slow down a bowling ball with ping pong ballsdemille explains. ou have to do it fast

and do it a lot of times. he slowed molecules enter a specially shaped magnetic field where opposing laser beams pass through the center of the field along three perpendicular axes.

Hitting the combined material with femtosecond pulses from a near-infrared laser prompted the indium phosphide to emit terahertz back through the graphene.

and changes over time. he laser gradually removes oxygen molecules from the graphene changing its density

Laser pulses generated coherent bursts of terahertz radiation through a built-in surface electric field of the indium phosphide substrate that changed due to charge transfer between the graphene and the contaminating molecules.

and Masayoshi Tonouchi at Osaka s Institute of Laser Engineering are continuing to collaborate on a project to measure the terahertz conductivity of graphene on various substrates says Kono.

#Laser detects distant bombs with 99%accuracy Texas A&m University rightoriginal Studyposted by Ryan Garcia-Texas A&m on August 13 2014new laser technology makes it possible to identify explosives biological

The lasers travel long distances and identify dangerous materials present within powders that commonly act as carriers for explosive nitrates and lethal biological agents such as anthrax and ricin.

and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the technology involves beaming a high-powered laser onto a powder for an extremely short amount of time#about a trillionth of a second.

When laser light contacts the molecules present within the powder it experiences a scattering effect that can be analyzed to construct a sort of molecular ingerprintthat reveals its exact chemical makeup says Vladislav Yakovlev professor in the biomedical engineering department at Texas A&m University. s

but by taking advantage of the inherent properties of the targeted powder researchers have been able to dramatically amplify the resulting emission. n very simple terms we can take a powder shine a laser on this powder

When a laser passes through the powder its wavelength is absorbed not fully. Instead some of the light from the laser scatters and the path length increases because of this multiple scattering#something scientists refer to as the aman effect. his scattered light is emitted then from the powder in a strong diffuse form that is visually similar to a bright LED light.

It#s this extremely bright emission that can be collected from long distances. e get a large amount of energy into the system in a very short amount of time.

which could beam a laser at the powder and collect the resulting signal with a powerful parabolic antenna so that the signal could then be analyzed

#See into living brain with lasers and nanotubes Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Bjorn Carey-Stanford on August 7 2014by injecting carbon nanotubes into the bloodstream scientists can use near-infrared lasers to see blood flow in a living animal s brain.

The new technique which is almost completely noninvasive was developed for mice but could offer insight into human ailments such as strokes migraines and possibly Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases.

The researchers then shine a near-infrared laser over the rodent s skull. The light causes the specially designed nanotubes to fluoresce at wavelengths of 1300-1400 nanometers;

#Laser device sniffs out tiny traces of explosives University of California Berkeley rightoriginal Studyposted by Sarah Yang-Berkeley on July 24 2014mechanical engineers have found a way to dramatically increase the sensitivity of a light-based plasmon sensor.

Because of this the researchers are hopeful that their plasmon laser sensor could detect pentaerythritol tetranitrate or PETN an explosive compound considered a favorite of terrorists.

The new device builds upon earlier work in plasmon lasers by Zhang s lab that compensated for this light leakage by using reflectors to bounce the surface plasmons back and forth inside the sensorâ##similar to the way sound waves

which work by detecting shifts in the wavelength of light Zhang says. he difference in intensity is similar to going from a light bulb for a table lamp to a laser pointer.

Ogilvie and her research group developed an ultrafast laser pulse experiment that can match the speed of these reactions.

By using carefully timed sequences of ultrashort laser pulses, Ogilvie and coworkers were able to initiate photosynthesis

the new method for enriching stable isotopes, called MAGIS (magnetically activated and guided isotope separation), needs little energy due to its use of low-powered lasers and permanent magnets.

This new form of solid stable light-sensitive nanoparticles called colloidal quantum dots could lead to cheaper and more flexible solar cells as well as better gas sensors infrared lasers infrared light emitting diodes and more.

The device uses a thumbnail-sized quantum cascade laser (QCL) as well as tuning forks that cost no more than a dime to detect very small amounts of nitrous oxide and methane.

That allows for far better detection of gases than more common lasers that operate in the near-infrared.

and is far better able to detect trace amounts of gas than lasers used in the past.

The laser beam is focused between the two prongs of the quartz tuning fork. When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest

NASA'#Lunar Advanced Science and Exploration Research (LASER) program and the NASA Lunar Science Institute (NLSI) supported the research.

#Laser light creates hologram the width of a hair Purdue University rightoriginal Studyposted by Emil Venere-Purdue on December 9 2013researchers have created tiny holograms using a etasurfacecapable of the ultra-efficient control of light.

Laser light shines through the nanoantennas creating the hologram 10 microns above the metasurface. f we can shape characters we can shape different types of light beams for sensing

and control the routing of light in devices too tiny for conventional lasers. The researchers have shown how to control the intensity

and phase or timing of laser light as it passes through the nanoantennas. Each antenna has its own hase delayow much light is slowed as it passes through the structure.

and hit them with high-powered lasers you see them for a fraction of a second to upwards of a few seconds

and DNA. ingle crystals are the backbone of many things we rely onâ##diamonds for beauty as well as industrial applications sapphires for lasers

Previous experiments showed the ability to create superfluorescent bursts from a stack of quantum wells excited by a laser in extreme cold and under the influence of a strong magnetic field both

When pumped by a strong laser these quantum degenerate particles gathered energy and released it as light at the Fermi edge:

Such semiconductors are used often in lasers optics and infrared detectors. The National Science Foundation and USC funded the work.

or the batteries have no charge remaining. n addition to the applications discussed above such technology could be extended to other radiations such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and light detection and ranging (LIDAR)

#This electron accelerator is smaller than a grain of rice Stanford university rightoriginal Studyposted by Mike Ross-Stanford on September 30 2013researchers have used a laser to accelerate electrons at a rate 10 times higher than conventional technology

materials science. ecause it employs commercial lasers and low-cost mass-production techniques the researchers believe it will set the stage for new generations of abletopaccelerators.

which uses ultrafast lasers to drive the accelerator is a leading candidate. Particles are accelerated generally in two stages.

Infrared laser light shining on the pattern generates electrical fields that interact with the electrons in the channel to boost their energy.

It simultaneously reports in Physical Review Letters its success in using a laser to accelerate lower energy electrons.

Byer says laser accelerators could drive compact X-ray free-electron lasers comparable to SLAC s Linac Coherent light Source that are all-purpose tools for a wide range of research.

and stabilize signals of high-quality lasers. Itâ#the first time such a device has been miniaturized to fit on a chip

In addition to its use as a frequency reference for lasers a reference cavity could one day play a role equivalent to that of the ubiquitous quartz crystal in electronics.

#Laser pinpoints tiniest traces of explosive Michigan State university rightoriginal Studyposted by Layne Cameron-Michigan State on September 9 2013a bomb-detecting laser that can find micro-traces of explosive

even if itâ#merely a minute trace on a zipper. his doesnâ##t mean that security will be armed with handheld lasers in airports.

The laser would more likely be in a conveyor belt like the X-ray scanners already used for airport security.

The low energy laser is safe to use on luggage as well as passengers Dantus says. For decades scientists have been working to develop lasers that are powerful enough for detection

but safe enough to use on people. Dantusâ##initial spark came from a collaboration with Harvard university that developed a laser that could be used to detect cancer

but has the beam output of a simple presentation pointer. hile working on biomedical imaging I began exploring additional applicationsdantus says. e soon learned how effective it was for detecting traces of hazardous substances from distances up to 10 meters away. s described in the journal Applied Physics Letters the bomb-detecting

laser works as a single beam but uses two pulses. The first resonates with certain chemical frequencies found in explosives.

A discrepancy between the two pulses indicates the presence of explosive materials. he laser is affected not by the color

researchers used a low-intensity laser to heat water on a gold surface. The tiny bubble optical behavior remains consistent

as long as the laser power and the environmental temperature stay constant. Simply moving the laser or adjusting the laser power can change how the bubble will deflect a light beam,

either as a concentrated beam at a specific target or as a dispersed wave. Changing the liquid also affects how a light beam will refract.

The materials to form bubble lenses are inexpensive, and the bubbles themselves are easy to dissolve,

#Cancel each other outin this new system a waveguide feeds laser light into a cavity created by two tiny silicon beams.

#First boson laser could save power Stanford university University of Michigan rightoriginal Studyposted by Bjorn Carey-Stanford on May 24 2013stanford (US)# Scientists have demonstrated a revolutionary electrically driven polariton laser

that could significantly improve the efficiency of lasers. The physics powering lasers has remained relatively unchanged through 50 years of use.

The new system however makes use of the unique physical properties of bosons subatomic particles that scientists have attempted to incorporate into lasers for decades.#

#We ve solidified our physical understanding and now it s time we think about how to put these lasers into practice#says physicist Na Young Kim a member of the Stanford university team which was led by Yoshihisa Yamamoto professor of electrical engineering and of applied physics.#

#This is an exciting era to imagine how this new physics can lead to novel engineering.#

#Electrically driven polariton lasers Kim says would operate using one-hundredth of the power of conventional lasers

Einstein s predictionall lasers are based on Einstein s principle of stimulated emission. Charged particles such as electrons exist in discontinuous energy levels like rungs on a ladder.

A laser keeps this process going by continually providing energy for electrons to move into higher energy levels.

and conventional lasers waste energy unnecessarily exciting electrons to higher energy levels even when the lower levels are too full to accept the excited electrons

Exciting excitonskim s polariton laser however pairs electrons with so-called#holes#to form another type of particle an exciton.

Using bosons in lasers has been a scientific goal for decades but Yamamoto s team is the first to successfully build an electrically driven laser using bosons.

The result was reproduced recently and confirmed by scientists at the University of Michigan who published their work in the journal Physical Review Letters.)

This change drastically reduces the amount of power required to run the laser. The current iteration of the polariton laser requires two to five times less energy than a comparable conventional laser

but could require 100 times less energy in the future.##The outcome would look similar to that of the traditional photon lasers

but the physical mechanisms inside are very different#Kim says. The laser consists of an electron reservoir and a hole reservoir.

When a current is applied electrons and holes come together to form excitons in excited energy levels.

#One benefit of the electrically driven polariton laser is it only needs to be attached to a power supply to emit photons allowing it to be integrated easily with existing semiconductor chips in the future.

Still too coolthe current polariton laser can run only at a chilly 4 degrees Kelvin (minus 452 degrees Fahrenheit)

The team hopes switching to a material that requires more energy to break apart excitons will allow them to build polariton lasers that work at room temperature an important step toward widespread use.#

#We re hoping we can replace conventional semiconductor lasers with these polariton lasers in the future#Kim says.#

#Stanford researchers are already using the polariton laser to develop quantum computers and quantum simulators. Kim believes similar lasers will be available to those outside the scientific community within the next five to 10 years.

Researchers conducted the work in collaboration with the National Institute of Informatics in Tokyo Japan and a team from the University of W##rzburg in Germany led by physicist Alfred Forchel.

Lasers software and a joystick After spending several years interviewing scientists and holding public forums to debate ethics and air concerns,

Rather, it a highly advanced single-cell micro-surgery, replete with cutting-edge lasers and imaging software and, yes, even a joystick,

and Sciences University just outside Portland. his procedure uses a very high-tech imaging system microscopes, lasers,

The light from a low-power infrared laser interacts with the atoms and is transmitted through the fiber-optic cable to register the magnetic field strength.

and docks with the teats using a 3d camera and lasers. Another feature is a set of counter-rotating brushes that automatically clean the teats of dirt

#NASA probe will reveal 3d architecture of forests from space NASA is developing a laser-based instrument for deployment on the International space station that will probe the depths of Earth's forests from space in a bid to reveal more about their role in the planet's carbon cycle.

After its completion in 2018, this Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar will join the likes of the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite in studying Earth's vegetation on a global scale."

"GEDI carries three specialized lasers and an optics system that divides the three beams into 14 tracks on the ground.

The lasers will send brief pulses of light around 16 billion of them in a year that are optimized to pass through the canopy of even very dense forests without causing harm to animals or vegetation,

The GEDI lidar will be built at NASA'S GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, with the University of Maryland, College Park leading the project e

The scientists replicated these boundaries in glass microscope slides using lasers to engrave networks of wavy 3d micro-cracks within them.

and the company Trilite Technologies have developed a new kind of display just for this purpose that sends beams of light directly to the viewerseyes via a laser and a sophisticated mirror system.

"as the team calls them) used by the prototype system consists of lasers and a movable mirror to send light beams in different directions,

"The mirror directs the laser beams across the field of vision, from left to right,"says Professor Ulrich Schmid of TU Vienna."

"During that movement the laser intensity is modulated so that different laser flashes are sent into different directions.''Unlike current large-scale 3d projection systems,

such as those used at the cinema where only two different pictures are projected, one for each eye,

"But the crucial point is that the individual laser pixels work. Scaling it up to a display with many pixels is not a problem."

and other sophisticated methods, including etching identification codes on produce with lasers or micro-percussion markers that make tiny indents. hey each believe they have the holy grail product tracking solutions sitting in their laptop,

With laser rangefinders and stereo cameras for vision, hydraulically actuated aluminum and titanium limbs and fully articulated humanlike hands, Atlas is envisioned as a humanoid hero who can walk undaunted into dangerous environments

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