Using light-generated radiation combined with phase-contrast X-ray tomography, the scientists visualized ultrafine details of a fly measuring just a few millimeters.
Each light pulse generates an X-ray pulse. The X-rays generated have special properties: a wavelength of approximately 0. 1nm,
which corresponds to a duration of only about 5fs, and are spatially coherent, i e. they appear to come from a point source.
however, researchers must shorten the wavelength of the X-rays even further in order to penetrate thicker tissue layers r
#Activated glass chip creates widest wavelength range Scientists from University of Twente research institute MESA+(Twente,
strengthening, and modulating light beams. The MESA+chip can create a very wide light spectrum spanning blue to infrared (470 to 2130nm.
With a broader spectrum, meaning a larger variety of colors in the light, and a large number of light channels set next to each other,
The MESA+researchers have for a long time been looking for methods to generate the broadest possible light spectrum on a chip.
what they are calling he broadest light spectrum ever The chip achieves a bandwidth of 495thz,
The shape and construction of the waveguide ensures that the laser light generates new wavelengths as it passes through;
When pumped at a center wavelength of 1064nm with pulses of 115 fs duration, the generated spectrum ranges from the visible blue range (470 nm) to the infrared (2130 nm)
and Sio2, appears to be highly attractive for applications such as for self-referencing optical frequency combs on a chip or widely tunable light sources for label-free microscopy and imaging in life sciences. m
While optical fibers have long been used for the transmission of data with light, inside a computer
and from amorphous to crystalline (data-erasing) is initiated by ultrashort light pulses. For reading back the data, weak light pulses are used.
The scientists conclude that permanent all-optical on-chip memories could onsiderably increase future performance of computers while reducing their energy consumption.
We show that individual memory elements can be addressed using a wavelength-multiplexing scheme. Our multilevel, multi-bit devices provide a pathway towards eliminating the Von neumann bottleneck
and Applied sciences (SEAS) say they have made it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale. They have developed the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero,
meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast. The new metamaterial was developed in the lab of Eric Mazur, the Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and Area Dean for Applied Physics AT SEAS,
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits us to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
measured by how fast the crests of a wavelength move, known as phase velocity. This speed of light increases or decreases depending on the material it passes through.
When light passes through water, for example, its phase velocity is reduced as its wavelengths are squeezed together.
Once it exits the water, its phase velocity increases again as its wavelength elongates. How much the crests of a light wave slow down in a material is expressed by the index of refraction;
or all troughs stretching out in infinitely long wavelengths. The crests and troughs oscillate only as a variable of time, not space."
"This uniform phase allows the light to be stretched or squashed, twisted or turned, without losing energy.
as incoming waves of light are effectively spread out and infinitely long, enabling even distant particles to be entangled
accurate control on the distribution of lasing wavelengths in the array was demonstrated by modifying the grating parameters.
That ability to carefully control the laser wavelengths suggests that the devices ought to be compatible with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) schemes that are used widely in today optical communications systems.
or 1550 nm optical communications wavelength while dealing with the problems caused by the major crystal lattice mismatch with silicon.
Although that is not the ideal lasing wavelength for silicon waveguides, and electrical pumping must also be achieved for real applications,
That approach would allow deposition of the compound semiconductor materials needed to red-shift the lasing wavelength into the telecoms realm at 1300 nm.
And because the extremely thin buffer layer allows light to be emitted in the plane of the wafer
IMEC says that efforts are focused now on growing the more complex semiconductor layer stacks needed for electrical injection of the lasers and emission in the 1300 nm wavelength range d
"Luminescent materials are shown under UV LIGHT, emitting different colors that can be altered by environmental conditions. Courtesy of Tara Fadenrecht/MIT.
and lights up whenever any of the cells are activated. Observing a mouse spinal cord through a microscope
The system has been verified in the laboratory using a white light interferometer and a laser-scanning confocal microscope to characterize the surface of the coded product
which detect strain by measuring shifts in the wavelength of light propagating through optical fiber. Conventional pressure or force sensors are problematic
allowing light to escape. By measuring the loss of light, the researchers are able to calculate strain or other deformations.
Industrial robots, working in a controlled environment where people aren't present, are capable of extremely precise manipulation with only limited sensors.
#UV Catheter Plugs Holes in Hearts With help from UV LIGHT, a new catheter device could provide a way to repair defects in hearts and other organs without surgery.
The clinician then deploys the patch and turns on the catheter's UV LIGHT. The light reflects off of the balloon's shiny interior
and activates the patch's adhesive coating. As the glue cures, pressure from the balloons secures the patch it in place.
and then activate it using UV LIGHT, all within a matter of five minutes and in an atraumatic way that doesn't require a separate incision."
Under development by the University of Washington and Microsoft Research, the Hypercam uses both visible and near-infrared light to peer beneath the surface
Hypercam illuminates a scene with 17 wavelengths. Software analyzes the resulting images to present the user with the most useful information."
"One challenge is that the technology doesn't work particularly well in bright light, Goel said.
#Light-Sheet Microscope Pushes Resolution Limits With resolution seven times greater than conventional light-sheet microscopes, an advanced device can capture cell-level 3d images across entire small organisms.
Called Isoview, it's the first light microscope capable of imaging large, nontransparent specimens at subsecond temporal resolution and subcellular spatial resolution in all dimensions, according to group leader Philipp Keller.
From each side, an objective produces a thin beam of light that sweeps the sample from top to bottom.
when they are exposed to near-infrared light. Tests at this early stage are designed to make sure that the paint works as it's supposed to,
so the surgeons had to remove a piece of the tissue before shining a light on it.
Pete Jameson, chief operating officer at ODG, points out that the company R-6 glasses, commercially available for just under $5, 000, have an ambient light sensor and swappable photochromic shields for handling glare."
the team also applied UV LIGHT to disinfect some of the water as it passed through the system.
and at 350 grams should be light enough that it's not too distracting to players s
it rendered the tape invisible in particular wavelengths of light. The researchers presented their work this week at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Denver.
which wavelengths of light it reflects. An application of this material could be useful for certain types of camouflage during the day,
He and his team are tweaking the material to work at more varied wavelengths of light.
which New Scientist posted on Youtube is more akin to CNN holograms than Twister; there are no flying cows,
or changes in how light is reflectederfect for maneuvering drones through small spaces with lots of obstacles.
Two previous prototype made by NIII used either near-infrared light or reflectors to fool the cameras into not seeing a face,
Instead of the electrically powered near-infrared lights of the earlier visors, these glasses use an unspecified novel material to absorb
Previous attempts to hide faces from computers have resorted to eye-catching makeup or dangling lights from baseball caps.
The FDA has designed also a device that uses UV LIGHT to scan pills and their packaging.
For workers, there a blue screen option where it will lower the amount of blue light emitted from the screen to help protect a user lens.
a technique using electrons (instead of light or the eyes) to see the characteristics of a sample,
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart and from LMU Munich have created now a material that uses light to produce the versatile energy source hydrogen from water.
Migrating charge carriers Photocatalysts must contain charge carriers that can be excited using visible light so that they can move relatively freely
When irradiated with visible light, the mixture starts producing hydrogen. The scientists were thrilled not only that the
which also includes an LED light source, power supply, control unit, optical system, and image sensor, cost less than $3, 000 to construct.
#Researchers transform slow emitters into fast light sources Researchers from Brown Univ, . in collaboration with colleagues from Harvard, have developed a new way to control light from phosphorescent emitters at very high speeds.
The technique provides a new approach to modulation that could be useful in all kinds of silicon-based nanoscale devices,
a process that often involves flipping the light on and off to encode information. Because of their slow lifetimes, phosphors have traditionally been a nonstarter for applications that require high-speed modulation.
"Instead of changing how much light is coming out, which can only be done slowly in phosphor emitters,
we came up with a system that changes another quality of that light, namely the color or spectrum of light emission,
They produce a lot of heat along with light which is a problem on a silicon chip. Erbium and other phosphors, on the other hand, can be deposited directly on silicon, making fabrication easier.
director of the Wireless@MIT center. ou could also imagine it being used to operate your lights and TVS,
director of the Wireless@MIT center. ou could also imagine it being used to operate your lights and TVS,
all of the light that you see reflected from the object is at that frequency. When you shine a red laser pointer at a wall, for example,
your eye detects red light.?However, for all materials, there is a tiny amount of light bouncing off at integer multiples of the incoming frequency.
So with the red laser pointer, there will also be some blue light bouncing off of the wall.
their idea was that the optical harmonic response of a crystal could serve as a fingerprint of multipolar order. e found that light reflected at the second harmonic frequency revealed a set of symmetries completely different from those of the known crystal structure,
whereas this effect was completely absent for light reflected at the fundamental frequency. This is a very clear fingerprint of a specific type of multipolar order,
and his colleagues uses high-amplitude sound waves to generate an acoustic hologram which can pick up
Here we individually control dozens of loudspeakers to tell us an optimal solution to generate an acoustic hologram that can manipulate multiple objects in real-time without contact,
The current study also sheds new light on the transmission to children of LGDS that are carried by parents who harbor them but
Researchers bioengineer cells to make them sensitive to specific frequencies of light, then use light pulses to switch cells,
or the processes being carried on inside them, on and off. For this experiment the team members engineered a line of neurons to simulate a portion of the human nervous system.
They translated the electronic pressure signals from the artificial skin into light pulses which activated the neurons,
The beams of light emanating from the fluorescence molecules can be measured through the top of the mice's skulls.
Researchers have built now a working tractor beam that uses high-amplitude sound waves to generate an acoustic hologram
The team used a red dye called ruthenium to tune the wavelength of light it captures
-and put on a very pretty blue light show to boot. While levitation may sound like it belongs in the realm of fantasy,
what surprised the team most of all was the blue light emission, seeing as they were only using a relatively low 50 volts.
the electromagnetic radiation that makes up these signals is blocked by something you. Yep, our bodies get in the way of the data transmissions,
but theye also an ongoing field of interest to scientific researchers, who are continually working on ways to manipulate how objects interact with light to see
and hide it from detection via visible light. The cloak which at present is only capable of making microscopic objects invisible,
and when done so, manages to mask their 3d shape by reflecting light waves. his is the first time a 3d object of arbitrary shape has been cloaked from visible light,
or curve the reflection of light via their physical structure rather than their chemical composition, essentially rendering objects optically undetectable.
When light falls on the activated cloak, its array of nanoantennae distort the usual reflection of light from the object underneath,
#New light-based memory chip is the first ever to permanently store data Scientists in the UK have developed the first ever memory chip that entirely light-based
"But we think using light can significantly speed this up.""Making light-based computers isn as simple as replacing electrons with light particles-or photons-in current computers.
running them on light instead of electricity, and this new light-based computer chip brings us one step closer to that goal.
Known as photonic memory, light-based memory is not a new concept, but it posed quite a challenge to engineers in the past.
Not only have previous attempts at light-based computer chips turned out to be quite volatile, theye all required power to store data,
Publishing in Nature Photonics this week, the team explained how they could send intense pulses of light through the waveguide to change the state of the GST,
a much lower intensity pulse of light is sent through the waveguide, and the amount of light that transmitted from one end to the other will depend on
so their light-based memory chips can directly interact with the other components using light, rather than electrical signals."
Huo and her team at UCF's Nanoscience Technology Center developed a technique known as nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay (Nanodlsay) to measure the size of the particles by analyzing the light they throw off.
"An aerial's size is determined by the wavelength associated with the transmission frequency of the application,
Most of what we know about electromagnetic radiation comes from theories first proposed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century,
which state that electromagnetic radiation is generated by accelerating electrons. However, this theory becomes problematic when dealing with radio wave emission from a dielectric solid, a material
and the generation of electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation emitted from dielectric materials is due to accelerating electrons on the metallic electrodes attached to them
as Maxwell predicted, coupled with explicit symmetry breaking of the electric field.""If you want to use these materials to transmit energy,
and"in the default mode, the light is red.""But when a growth factor switches on a receptor, special enzymes change the light embedded in the membrane from red to green.
Then, after the signal is transmitted further into the cell's interior, it is time to switch the signal back to red.
#Versatile switch for light-controlled cells: The structure of the light-driven ion pump KR2 may provide a blueprint for new optogenetic tools In 2013,
scientists made an unexpected discovery while investigating the marine bacterium Krokinobacter eikastus. In its cellular membrane, the bacterium had a previously unknown type of ion transporter.
When exposed to light, these proteins allow charged particles to flow into the cell or transport them outside the cell.
but also one of the mutations seemed to turn KR2 into a light-driven potassium pump--the first of its kind.
With a light-activated, active potassium pump this process could be controlled precisely.""This would make KR2 a very effective off-switch for neurons.
"In combination with the light-activated Channelrhodopsin 2, which is used in labs worldwide as a molecular off-switch,
The scientists studied light scattering from a glass cylinder filled with water. In essence such an experiment represents a two-dimensional analog of a classical problem of scattering from a homogeneous sphere (Mie scattering), the solution to
which is related to the localization of light inside the cylinder, and nonresonant, which is characterized by smooth dependence on the wave frequency.
Metamaterials are capable of changing the direction of light in exotic ways, including making light curve around the cloaked object.
the researchers describe a smartphone-based device that uses the kind of technology used to make holograms to collect detailed microscopic images for digital analysis of the molecular composition of cells and tissues."
"The device the team has developed--called the D3 (digital diffraction diagnosis) system--features an imaging module with a battery-powered LED light clipped onto a standard smartphone that records high-resolution imaging data with its camera.
the presence of specific molecules is detected by analyzing the diffraction patterns generated by the microbeads.
The use of variously sized or coated beads may offer unique diffraction signatures to facilitate detection.
#Graphene pushes the speed limit of light-to-electricity conversion ICFO researchers Klaas-Jan Tielrooij, Lukasz Piatkowski,
The new device that the researchers developed is capable of converting light into electricity in less than 50 femtoseconds (a twentieth of a millionth of a millionth of a second.
Thus, the energy absorbed from light is efficiently and rapidly converted into electron heat. Next, the electron heat is converted into a voltage at the interface of two graphene regions with different doping.
thus enabling the ultrafast conversion of absorbed light into electrical signals. As Prof. van Hulst states"
#Shape-shifting molecule tricks viruses into mutating themselves to death A newly developed spectroscopy method is helping to clarify the poorly understood molecular process by
Supporting data were collected with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, an advanced laser technique that combines ultrafast time resolution with high sensitivity to chemical structure.
Critical tool"Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy will be critical on the path ahead. It lets us look at the structures that exist in aqueous solution,
With 2d infrared spectroscopy, the UCHICAGO team was able to distinguish between the two structures.
The hints given us by the spectroscopy guide us toward even better mutagenic molecules, "Essigmann said.
When a beam of light then hits the molecule, it switches from its open to its closed state, resulting in a flowing current."
which we have used the light beam, "says Dr. Erbe, pleased with the results.""We have characterized also the molecular switching mechanism in extremely high detail,
The diarylethene molecule contact using electron-beam lithography and the subsequent measurements alone lasted three long years.
and other collaborators to perform experiments with a state-of-the-art transmission X-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron Light source at Brookhaven.
National Synchrotron Light source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and supported by the U s. Department of energy Basic energy Sciences and a seed grant from the Wisconsin Energy Institute.
Experts say that recent advances in LED TECHNOLOGY have made it possible to modulate the LED light more rapidly,
opening the possibility of using light for wireless transmission in a"free space optical communication system.""In addition to improving the experience for users,
and creates an invisible cone of light about one meter square in which the data can be received.
with wavelengths matching the magnetic resonance of the metamaterial, a strong broadband of terahertz electromagnetic waves is emitted.
Detailed analysis of the directionality and polarization of the emitted radiation reveals the fundamental nature of this efficient wavelength conversion.
a form of electromagnetic radiation named after its frequency, can be divided into two categories: imaging and spectroscopy.
Imaging using terahertz waves is similar to imaging using X-rays, but unlike X-rays it is not a form of ionizing radiation.
However, for spectroscopy applications, "such as analyzing food for poisons or baggage for drugs or explosives it is useful for the terahertz radiation to be as'broadband'as possible,"
Buccheri explains that spectroscopy works by looking at which frequencies are absorbed by certain materials. Different materials have different spectra--they have peaks and troughs at different frequencies.
"Spectroscopy is like taking a picture, "said Buccheri.""If the camera has a low resolution,
Buccheri explains that he has always been interested in the polarization of light and how it can be exploited for different uses.
He was interested in certain polarization states that exist for a beam of light: azimuthal or radial polarization.
We believe this work represents a conceptual and practical engineering advance for on-demand, reversible control of light from nanoscopic sources."
where the light is concentrated around each nanoparticle and then amplified. In contrast to conventional laser cavities, no mirrors are required for the light to bounce back and forth.
Notably, as the laser color is tuned, the nanoparticle cavity stays fixed and does not change;
a systematic approach to manipulate the lasing emission wavelength in real time has not been possible. The main limitation is that only solid gain materials have been used in previous work on plasmon nanolasers;
hence, fixed wavelengths were shown because solid materials cannot easily be modified. Odom's research team has found a way to integrate liquid gain materials with gold nanoparticle arrays to achieve nanoscale plasmon lasing that can be tuned dynamical, reversibly and in real time.
These nanoscale lasers can be mass-produced with emission wavelengths over the entire gain bandwidth of the dye.
Thus, the same fixed nanocavity structure (the same gold nanoparticle array) can exhibit lasing wavelengths that can be tuned over 50 nanometers, from 860 to 910 nanometers,
"This is very different to an optical microscope, where light limits the size you can measure. This so-called'diffraction limit'plays no part in this new technology."
"A common way to decipher molecular structures is to use x-ray crystallography. This complicated method involves purifying and crystallising the molecules,
then firing x-rays through the sample and interpreting the resulting patterns. However, this is also problematic
In our everyday lives, the effects of the radiation pressure of light can be neglected. Your furniture is moved not over even though the light,
or more generally the electromagnetic radiation, emitted by your lamps bounces off from its surfaces thus creating a radiation pressure force.
An ordinary 100 Watt light-bulb causes a radiation pressure that is only a trillionth (one part to 1000000000000) of the normal atmospheric pressure.
"Like a light switch, one-shot learning is either on, or it's off, "says Shimojo. In the behavioral study, 47 participants completed a simple causal-inference task;
The group discovered a few wavelengths of light that allow measuring the specific fluorescence signal from photosynthesis. The team's fluorescence measurement system can record radiation at high resolution with a frequency of 5 minutes,
In light of our results, these rules need to be reviewed to take into account the possibility of airborne transmission of noroviruses.
and employing standard photolithography. This effectively proved that these three-atom-thick semiconducting films can be made into multilevel electronic devices of unsurpassed thinness.
#Compact light source improves CT SCANS With its ability to image cross sections of the human body, X-ray computer tomography (CT) has become an important diagnostic tool in medicine.
"Our work demonstrates that we can achieve better results with the Compact Light source, "says Professor for Biomedical Physics Franz Pfeiffer of the Technical University of Munich in Germany, who led the new study published April 20 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."
these methods require X-ray light with a well-defined wavelength aligned in a particular way--properties that conventional CT SCANNERS in hospitals do not deliver sufficiently.
A new study demonstrates for the first time that an antimicrobial dye activated by light avidly adheres to bone to prevent bacteria from growing on bone fragments used in reconstructive surgery
and appear to have excellent antimicrobial properties in the presence of light, "says Noreen Hickok, Ph d.,Associate professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Thomas Jefferson University."
which occur in bright light.""Surgeons often use bone chips or bone powder as a sort of putty during bone reconstruction to help areas of bone re-grow.
But when the lights go on, TAPP becomes active, producing chemicals called reactive oxygen species, or ROS, that rapidly kill the bacteria.
As long as the lights were on, bacteria was unable to attach and grow on the surface of the bone.
and the other would be the continuation of the activation in the bright lights of the surgical suite
The direction of the spin can be detected with the aid of fluorescence spectroscopy. Extremely fast spin oscillation In this latest publication, the scientists have shaken the resonators in a way that allows them to induce a coherent oscillation of the coupled spin for the first time.
It uses a method known as ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and can reveal motions of electrons
Similar to X-ray light, highly energetic electrons can take snapshots of the interior of materials as they pass through them.
The superior performance of the new UED system is due to a very stable"electron gun"originally developed for SLAC's X-ray laser Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
The scattered waves then combine to form a so-called diffraction pattern picked up by a detector.
The whole apparatus works like a high-speed camera, capturing differences in diffraction patterns over time that scientists use to reconstruct the sample's inner structure and how it changes.
"Due to the almost 1, 000-fold shorter wavelength of electrons compared to X-rays, UED can see much finer structural details.
The scientists'ultimate goal is to turn UED into an ultrafast electron microscope--an instrument that would show details too small to be seen with an optical microscope.
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