developing a new method to extract more efficient and polarized light from quantum dots (QDS) over a large-scale area.
These photonic crystals limit the direction that the QD-generated light is emitted meaning they produce polarized light,
"If you start with polarized light, then you double your optical efficiency, "See explained.""If you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
Raman spectroscopy and transport measurements on the graphene/boron nitride heterostructures reveals high electron mobilities comparable with those observed in similar assemblies based on exfoliated graphene.
the inability to work in bright light, especially sunlight. The key is to gather only the bits of light the camera actually needs.
so that the camera and its light source work together efficiently, eliminating extraneous light, or"noise,"that would
otherwise wash out the signals needed to detect a scene's contours.""We have a way of choosing the light rays we want to capture
This not only makes it possible for the camera to work under extremely bright light or amidst highly reflected
when the camera captures ambient light from a scene. But as a projector scans a laser across the scene,
The trick is to be able to record only the light from that spot as it is illuminated,
despite the light scattering that usually makes it impenetrable to cameras. Manufacturers also could use the system to look for anomalies in shiny or mirrored components.
The team's concept then adds Raman spectroscopy to its centrifugal microfluidic platform.""Raman spectroscopy uses the way light interacts with matter to produce'unique scattering,'the equivalent of a molecular fingerprint,
which can then be used to identify the types of bacteria present, "said Ute Neugebauer, group leader at the Jena University Hospital and Leibniz Institute of technology.
The team will continue toward its goal of developing an easy-to-use spectroscopy-based point-of-care medical device for fast and reliable diagnostics."
#Droplets levitate on a cushion of blue light Arraythe floating effect is similar to Leidenfrost levitation--in
the researchers found they could ionize the gas into a plasma that glowed a soft blue light."
The blue light emission was unexpected and probably the most exciting feature of the experiment, the team said.
Scientists unveil new technique for spotting quantum dots to make high performance nanophotonic devices A quantum dot should produce one and only one photon--the smallest constituent of light--each time it is energized,
and then uses that knowledge to build optimized light-control devices in the right place."
"Dr Luca Sapienza, from the University's Quantum Light and Matter group, says:""This new technique is sort of a twist on a red-eye reducing camera flash,
Their coordinates in hand, scientists can then tell the computer-controlled electron beam lithography tool to place any structure the application calls for in its proper relation to the quantum dots,
They also demonstrated that more than 99 per cent of the light produced from their source came out as single photons.
Nevertheless, the end of carbide lamps era came with the advent of safer electric light sources.
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionized people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
and control quantum states of light and matter. A major barrier in testing new theories for quantum science and quantum computing is the time
and observed the generated light using an inverted microscope (see image).""The STM tip acts as a point source of surface plasmons,"Yang explains."
while still allowing light and electrons to pass through. The new complete solar fuel generation system developed by Lewis
the researchers etched micrometer scale pillars into a silicon surface using photolithography and deep reactive-ion etching,
#Scientists'squeeze'light one particle at a time A team of scientists has measured successfully particles of light being squeezed,
It creates a very specific form of light which is"low-noise "and is potentially useful in technology designed to pick up faint signals,
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
The theory states that the light scattered by this atom should, similarly, be squeezed. Unfortunately, although the mathematical basis for this method--known as squeezing of resonance fluorescence--was drawn up in 1981,
they were able to observe the light as it was scattered, and proved that it had indeed been squeezed.
"Typically, the more intense light gets, the higher the noise. Dim the light, and the noise goes down.
But strangely, at a very fine quantum level, the picture changes. Even in a situation where there is no light,
electromagnetic noise still exists. These are called vacuum fluctuations. While classical physics tells us that in the absence of a light source we will be in perfect darkness,
quantum mechanics tells us that there is always some of this ambient fluctuation.""If you look at a flat surface,
Even lasers, the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
Bluetooth technology uses electromagnetic radiation to transmit data, however these radio signals do not easily pass through the human body
shift work, jet lag and even the blue-tinged light emitted by cell phones and tablets. Typically, sleep researchers have a hard time studying sleep deprivation and the circadian cycle separately,
This forced their biological clocks out of sync with the light-dark cycle. After four weeks
portable device that we believe is more sensitive than the standard microscope that uses white light
physicists have developed a new type of light source that emits single photons. For the first time, the researchers have managed to create a stream of identical photons.
Alongside the brightness and robustness of the light source the indistinguishability of the photons is especially crucial.
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past.
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past.
and convert the light into electric current using excited states in the material called"excitons.""Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
The instrument combines a specialized form of linearly polarized light and photoluminescence to optically probe the molecular structure of the phthalocyanine crystals."
#New light shed on infertility puzzle, could improve in vitro fertilization We don't know if a sperm actually experiences joy
and Sumo2 in stem cell proviral silencing can shed new light on stem cells and virus biology that could translate into valuable therapeutic and diagnostic applications Dr Jonathan Loh,
an element used in incandescent light bulbs. As the sample was tilted 62 times, the researchers were able to slowly assemble a 3-D model of 3,
in collaboration with the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (MPQ) and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) in Munich, have developed a worldwide unique broadband and coherent infrared light source.
The record peak brilliance of the light source makes it an ultrasensitive detector for the infrared molecular finger print region,
since the wavelength of the light can resonantly excite molecular vibrations. Consequently, shining light through a sample leaves the resonant fingerprints in the spectrum allowing identification.
The absence of light sources that cover enough of the infrared spectrum with sufficient brilliance to detect minute concentrations originating from onco-metaboloids has been the main challenge in cancer detection.
Now, ICFO researchers have collaborated with colleagues from MPQ/LMU to develop a light source which addresses this need.
Their light source exerts extreme control over mid-wave infrared laser light with unrivalled peak brilliance and single-shot spectral coverage between 6. 8 and 16.4 micron wavelength.
The emitted radiation is fully coherent and emitted 100 million times per second. Each laser pulse has a duration of 66 fs
These characteristics, in combination with its coherence, make the light source a compact and ultrasensitive molecular detector.
Jens Biegert and his colleagues at ICFO are currently investigating molecular sensitivity for the identification of cancer biomarkers on the single cell level using all optical techniques in the mid-wave infrared wavelength range g
The new material, produced by grain boundary lithography solves that problem, he said. In addition to Ren, other researchers on the project included Chuan Fei Guo and Ching-Wu"Paul"Chu, both from UH;
The grain boundary lithography involved a bilayer lift off metallization process, which included an indium oxide mask layer and a silicon oxide sacrificial layer and offers good control over the dimensions of the mesh structure.
Heat from the top of your head radiates into space as infrared light. Now three Stanford engineers have developed a technology that improves on solar panel performance by exploiting this basic phenomenon.
the less efficient they become at converting the photons in light into useful electricity. The Stanford solution is based on a thin,
in the form of infrared light, into space. Their experiments showed that the overlay allowed visible light to pass through to the solar cells,
but that it also cooled the underlying absorber by as much as 55 degrees Fahrenheit. For a typical crystalline silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 20 percent, 55 F of cooling would improve absolute cell efficiency by over 1 percent,
perhaps using nanoprint lithography, which is a common technique for producing nanometer scale patterns.""That's not necessarily the only way,"said Raman, a co-first-author of the paper."
"That's because the perception of color requires objects to reflect visible light, so any overlay would need to be tuned transparent,
"Our photonic crystal thermal overlay optimizes use of the thermal portions of the electromagnetic spectrum without affecting visible light,
The change from crystalline to amorphous (storing data) and from amorphous to crystalline (erasing data) is initiated by ultrashort light pulses.
For reading out the data, weak light pulses are used. Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers
or remote reconstruction, of information encoded in quantum states of matter or light. Teleportation is useful in both quantum communications and quantum computing,
"Previously, researchers thought quantum repeaters might need to rely on atoms or other matter, instead of light,
The experiments were performed at wavelengths commonly used in telecommunications. Because the experiment filtered out and focused on a limited combination of quantum states
and cause the inquirer to see a flash of light known as a"phosphene.""The phosphene--which might look like a blob,
"While the flashing lights are signals that we're putting into the brain, those parts of the brain are doing a million other things at any given time too,
"The findings are particularly significant in the light of improving life expectancies and the associated increase in cases of ARMD.
Particle accelerators usually rely on electromagnetic radiation from the radio frequency range; DESY's particle accelerator PETRA III, for example, uses a frequency of around 500 megahertz.
The wavelength of the terahertz radiation used in this experiment is around one thousand times shorter.""The advantage is that everything else can be a thousand times smaller too,
even if there is significant less light in each pulse.""With these very short pulses we are hoping to gain new insights into extremely rapid chemical processes,
researchers need to make it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale. Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have done just that,
meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast. This new metamaterial was developed in the lab of Eric Mazur, the Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and Area Dean for Applied Physics AT SEAS,
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits you to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
But light has speed another, measured by how fast the crests of a wavelength move, known as phase velocity.
This speed of light increases or decreases depending on the material it's moving through. When light passes through water, for example, its phase velocity is reduced as its wavelengths get squished together.
Once it exits the water, its phase velocity increases again as its wavelength elongates. How much the crests of a light wave slow down in a material is expressed as a ratio called the refraction index--the higher the index,
the more the material interferes with the propagation of the wave crests of light. Water, for example, has a refraction index of about 1. 3
or all troughs--stretching out in infinitely long wavelengths. The crests and troughs oscillate only as a variable of time
This uniform phase allows the light to be stretched or squished, twisted or turned, without losing energy.
as incoming waves of light are effectively spread out and infinitely long, enabling even distant particles to be entangled.""
#Researchers learn how to steer the heart with light We depend on electrical waves to regulate the rhythm of our heartbeat.
and being able to get the light to desired locations. However, as gene therapy moves into the clinic
holes or grooves--changes the way that electromagnetic radiation interacts with the surface. In some instances the geometry supports the formation of a wave of rippling electronic charges,
which also includes an LED light source, power supply, control unit, optical system, and image sensor, cost less than $3, 000 to construct.
Most optical fingerprint sensors today produce images by reflecting light from areas where the skin does not come in contact with a glass plate, a technique that captures details from only the very top layer of skin.
and works by analyzing an interference pattern created when a beam of light that travels through a biological sample,
like a finger, is recombined with a reference beam of light. Standard OCT systems gather 3d data and often require sophisticated lasers systems and light detectors,
which can get expensive. Auksorius and Boccara simplified their system by using a modified version of OCT called full-field OCT
then convert that light into an electrical charge proportional to its intensity and wavelength. In the case of our eyes, the electrical impulses transmit the image to the brain.
"In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
"Ma says. Ultimately, the new phototransistors open the door of possibility, he says.""This demonstration shows great potential in high-performance and flexible photodetection systems,"says Ma,
and it had to emit fluorescent light so a cell phone camera could records it, "explains Rite Palomares.
#Tissue cartography Today's state-of-the-art optical microscopes produce voluminous three-dimensional data sets that are difficult to analyze.
The nerve cells in these samples were decorated with engineered channelrhodopsins that open in response to light,
-and ground-based telescopes as we could get our hands on to measure the energy output of over 200,000 galaxies across as broad a wavelength range as possible,"Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) team leader Simon Driver,
the team found that the energy output is dropping over 21 different wavelengths, making their results the most comprehensive assessment to date of the energy output of the nearby universe."
#Saltwater lamp could replace dangerous kerosene lights The majority of inhabitants on the Philippines7000 islands do not have access to electricity.
Instead, they rely primarily on kerosene powered lamps to provide light sources at night, which are not only hazards and pollutants,
safe light source powered by salt and water, which can last for up to six months when used for eight hours a day.
but these and other nonmetallic waveguides are constrained by pesky physical laws that require critical dimensions to be at least half the wavelength of the light in size;
strong fields with dimensions far smaller than the wavelength of the original light can be createdlasmons.
Unlike light, these plasmons are free to travel down nanoscale wires or gaps in metals.
their wavelength becomes shorter, allowing more than an extra half of a plasmonic wave to fit under the bridge.
Because it exactly out of phase with the original wave, this additional half wavelength can be used to selectively cancel the wave,
The Mito Test uses near infrared spectroscopy, a special type of light beamed through the skin to measure the oxygen levels in muscle mitochondria.
#Star Pair#s Dusty Disk Shines Light on Planet formation Astronomers using the Gemini South telescope in Chile have discovered striking new evidence for planet formation in a dusty disk surrounding
The team took advantage of an offering for Early Science using the Gemini Planet Imager to study infrared light scattered off dust grains in the disk around the binary system V4046 Sgr.
which light reflected off of virtual objects. This is, essentially how Pixar makes movies. Some researchers,
in principle, be produced by light of any color, coming from any direction, reflecting off of a surface of the right color with the right orientation.
and Japan exposed living fruit flies the commonly studied Drosophila to different light regimes and then compared the active zones in the photoreceptors.
the fluorescent probes emit different wavelengths of light, which are detected by the cytometer and converted into readable data.
such as photolithography and electron-beam lithography. By comparison, the smallest nanogaps that can be generated using the standard methods are 100 nm wide. aking a nanogap is interesting from a philosophical standpoint,
When light is shined upon structures with extremely small gaps, the electromagnetic field that is confined within the gap becomes enormously enhanced.
you would observe a change in the light scattering from the nanogap that would correspond to
but it allows infrared light to go through it. That means the military, for imaging systems, an use spinel as the window because it allows the infrared light to come through.
NRL is also looking at spinel for the windows on lasers operating in maritime and other hostile environments. e got to worry about wave slap and saltwater and things like that,
because if there any junk in there, the light will either be absorbed or it can be scattered.
The laser generates UV LIGHT which is beamed towards Earth. This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
The fraction of light that is scattered back towards the satellite is collected by Aladin telescope and measured.
The movement of the air molecules, particles or droplets cause this backscattered light to change frequencies slightly.
Prof Sader said. his is very different to an optical microscope, where light limits the size you can measure.
This so-called iffraction limitplays no part in this new technology. A common way to decipher molecular structures is to use x-ray crystallography.
#Random Light scattering Enhances The Resolution Of Wide-Field Optical microscope Images Researchers at the UT-research institute MESA+have developed a method to improve the resolution of a conventional wide-field optical microscope.
Scattered light usually reduces the resolution of conventional optical microscopes. The UT-researchers however found a simple and efficient way to actively use scattered light to improve the resolution of images.
It is like the fog has cleared, according to the first author Hasan Yilmaz. The smallest detail a traditional optical microscope can reveal is about half the wavelength of green light
or 0. 25 micrometer (a micrometer is a thousandth of a millimeter. Many interesting and important structures in biological cells and computer chips have features smaller than that.
NEW METHOD Randomly scattered laser light appears as a finely grained speckle pattern as a result of interference of many scattered light paths.
Using optimized scattering materials they produce the finest-grained speckles yet made with visible light. With this speckle illumination they obtain fluorescence images that have a very high resolution (0. 12 micrometer) and a wide field of view.
The high resolution picture is taken using scattered light! The speckle illumination method is surface-specific and robust to environmental noise.
shortly called STAMP, relies on a property of light called dispersion that can be observed in the way a misty sky splits sunshine into a rainbow of colours.
STAMP splits an ultra-short pulse of light into a barrage of different coloured flashes that hit the imaged object in rapid-fire succession.
what the object looked like over the time it took the dispersed light pulse to travel through the STAMP.#
whose optical properties change over the range of wavelengths STAMP uses. Despite these limitations potential of this technology is huge Scientists already used it to image electronic motion
Under blue light the hematite conducts electricity and when bathed in hydrogen peroxide will catalyze a chemical reaction to split oxygen from hydrogen.
higher imaging throughput (signal strength) and the ability for wavelength selection that is currently unavailable using standard pinhole framing camera technology,
To provide wavelength filtering to accommodate different experimental needs, the team developed special multilayer coatings for the KBO system mirrors. ne thing that Livermore does very well is coating X-ray optics with these multilayers,
The MEMS device acts as an ultrafast mirror reflecting X-rays at precise times and specific angles. xtremely compact devices such as this promise a revolution in our ability to manipulate photons coming from synchrotron light sources,
Only the light that is diffracted from the mirror goes on to hit the sample, and by adjusting the speed at
you will see flashes of light every time the wheel is at the perfect spot for sunlight to hit it.
and its applications in wider fields at next-generation light sources, said Tetsuya Ishikawa, the director of the RIKEN SPRING-8 Center in Japan.
These include newly planned light source facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. uch small sources
shedding new light on reproductive disorders Scientists at the National institutes of health have solved a longstanding mystery about the origin of one of the cell types that make up the ovary.
the researchers packed them with a gene that makes light-generating proteins once delivered into the target cells.
called LSR J1835+3259, using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at radio wavelengths,
along with the 5-meter Hale Telescope on Palomar Mountain and the 10-meter Keck Telescope in Hawaii at optical wavelengths.
these particles heat the air around them, causing the characteristic streak of light seen from the ground.
If possible it also helps to be in a dark place away from artificial light, and to have unobstructed an view of the sky.
They mostly appear as fleeting streaks of light lasting less than a second but the brightest ones leave behind trails of vaporised gases
At Morgridge, Velten is developing new potential directions for scattered light imaging, including less invasive imaging of difficult to observe parts of the human body e
The research was reported in the journal Nature Methods in a paper titled, ltrahigh-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy and spectrally resolved super-resolution microscopy,
#Closing the loop with optogenetics Optogenetics provides a powerful tool for studying the brain by allowing researchers to activate neurons using simple light-based signals.
When the proteins are illuminated with specific wavelengths of light they change the behavior of the cells,
electrical stimulation or even light-plus-optogenetics through fiber optics, will all be closed loop. That means they will be responsive to the moment-to-moment needs of the nervous system.
then use the difference between those two signals to inform our optical stimulator to vary the intensities of different wavelengths of light,
The light signals now affect an entire culture or brain region. e want to precisely control where photons are being sent to activate different cells,
#New, Ultrathin Optical devices Shape Light in Exotic Ways Researchers have developed innovative flat, optical lenses as part of a collaboration between NASA Jet propulsion laboratory and the California Institute of technology, both in Pasadena, California.
These optical components are capable of manipulating light in ways that are difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional optical devices.
Manipulating the polarization of light is essential for the operation of advanced microscopes, cameras and displays;
or less than a hundredth of the thickness of a human hair. dditionally, the new, flat lenses can be used to modify the shape of light beams at will.
#Scientists queezelight one particle at a time A team of scientists has measured successfully particles of light being queezed in an experiment that had been written off in physics textbooks as impossible to observe.
It creates a very specific form of light which is ow-noiseand is potentially useful in technology designed to pick up faint signals,
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
The theory states that the light scattered by this atom should, similarly, be squeezed. Unfortunately, although the mathematical basis for this method known as squeezing of resonance fluorescence was drawn up in 1981,
they were able to observe the light as it was scattered, and proved that it had indeed been squeezed.
the more intense light gets, the higher the noise. Dim the light, and the noise goes down.
But strangely, at a very fine quantum level, the picture changes. Even in a situation where there is no light,
electromagnetic noise still exists. These are called vacuum fluctuations. While classical physics tells us that in the absence of a light source we will be in perfect darkness
quantum mechanics tells us that there is always some of this ambient fluctuation. f you look at a flat surface,
the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
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