The research team also included scientists at Fudan University in Shanghai, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Diamond Light source.
Itl include optimized lights set to a wavelength to grow perfect plants and specialized air-conditioning that keeps temperature and humidity set to a constant level.
and the neon lights of Shibuya shining bright. No, you won be able to see the most impressive part,
The mirrors will be positioned so they can direct light onto two photovoltaic panels 24 hours a day.
by using infrared light). Scientifically viable in 2015; mainstream in 2018; and financially viable in 2019.
vertical farms could augment natural light using energy-efficient lighting. The advantages are numerous, including year-round crop production, protection from weather, support urban food autonomy and reduced transport costs.
#Cree LED tubes will make fluorescent lights seem old fashioned In the scramble to replace traditional forms of illumination with greener LED sources,
fluorescent overhead lights. The new Cree T8 bulb looks very much like the traditional T-8 fluorescent tube wee been using since the 1970s.
It based on near-infrared spectroscopy, which means it reflects light onto an object, then collects and analyzes the light reflected back.
The Kickstarter launched Tuesday morning with several funding levels: a fully operational SCIO starts at $149,
While scientists and researchers use near-infrared spectroscopy on a regular basis, there are lots of consumers that would love to know more about the chemical composition of the world around them,
shine its blue light onto an object you want to analyze. In a few seconds, the associated smartphone app will take the spectrometer reading,
#Scientists develop an off-switch for the brain Scientists have developed essentially an ff-switchfor the brain by using light pulses to effectively shut down neural activity.
In 2005, Stanford scientist Karl Deisseroth discovered how to switch individual brain cells on and off by using light in a technique that he dubbed ptogenetics,
The Dash is part barcode scanner, part voice recorder. It connects to Amazon grocery delivery service, Amazonfresh,
And like that, the bulb lights up. Wireless homes Don worry about getting zapped: Hall assures that the magnetic fields used to transfer energy are erfectly safein fact,
In order to the lamp beginning to radiate light, it is necessary in motion this is specially equipped with a mechanism like a pendulum.
showing it was able to adapt to changing patterns of light in its surroundings within 1 to 2 seconds,
Postdoctoral fellow Javier Fernandez and Wyss Institute director Donald Ingber created an artificial version of chitin that is light clear strong as aluminum
and graduate student Ganghun Kim, the microscope technique works when an LED light is illuminated and guided through a fiberoptic needle or cannula.
small organic molecules to absorb specific nonvisible wavelengths of sunlight.""We can tune these materials to pick up just the ultraviolet and the near infrared wavelengths that then'glow'at another wavelength in the infrared,
"Lunt explained. The"glowing, "which does not occur in the visible spectrum, is guided to the edge of a clear plastic panel where it is converted then to electricity using thin strips of photovoltaic solar cells.
For instance, amber hallway lights are bright enough for occupants to navigate the corridor, but not disruptive of the human eye production of rhodopsin (which helps us see in darkness,
Blue light during the day helps maintain alertness. The home also features a passive design that maximizes heating
and cooling (the south-facing windows) and natural light and ventilation (the north-facing windows). The property is also five times more water-efficient than the normal house, with low-flow fixtures and short-run hot-water pipes.
#Quantum'entangled'light sharpens microscopes'images The first microscope that uses the eerie trick of quantum entanglement to increase its sensitivity has been developed by Japanese researchers.
or particles of light, the microscope reveals things that are completely transparent, visualizing them in a much better quality than could be done with ordinary light.
Physics guru Albert Einstein once famously called it"spooky action at a distance.""This unique property is already being looked at as a potential mechanism for quantum information technologies, such as quantum cryptography and quantum computation.
what is known as the Rayleigh diffraction limit hich states that it is impossible to image objects that are smaller
or closer together than the wavelength of light used in the microscope to illuminate them.
This pattern is only 17 nanometers higher than the rest of the plate something that is very difficult to see with a standard optical microscope.
"An image of A q shape carved in relief on the glass surface is obtained with better visibility than with a classical light source,
and measuring the difference in the phase of the light between the two photon states
Importance for biology One classical way to image smaller objects without using entangled photons is to use shorter and shorter wavelengths of light.
This way, one could improve resolution by switching from visible light to X-rays. But X-ray microscopesare difficult to use and coherent X-ray sources like X-ray lasers, in
"The quantum entanglement idea gives a road to get X-ray resolution using only visible light. In the future, this could lead to inexpensive microscopes that use ordinary lasers to get this resolution,
but the wavelengths in this experiment are infrared in the and so would not harm the organism.""There are challenges, however.
The biggest one is entangled that the photon light sources currently available are said very faint Dowling, and while they give the improved resolution, the rate at
and biofluorescence in the mesopelagic zone found at 656 to 3281 feet (200 to 1000 m) below the ocean's surface where light is dim
Bioluminescence is created the light by living organisms through a chemical reaction in the creatures'bodies. Biofluorescence on the other hand occurs
when organisms absorb high-energy short wavelength light (such as ultraviolet light) then re-emit that light at a longer wavelength.
This process makes the organisms appear to glow with an eerie colored light (often green or red.
The photons can then be channeled into a coherent beam of light using mirrors. Aside from its importance in the development of quantum computers, the maser could also lead to advancements in a variety of fields such as communications, sensing and medicine,
which relies on coherent light sources.""In this paper the researchers dig down deep into the fundamental interaction between light
and the moving electron,"said Claire Gmachl, professor of electrical engineering at Princeton.""The double quantum dot allows them full control over the motion of even a single electron,
Learning to control these fundamental light-matter interaction processes will help in the future development of light sources
But now, researchers at Stanford university in Palo alto, California, have used another feature of the electron its tendency to bounce probabilistically between different quantum states to create holograms that pack information into subatomic spaces.
But Moon and his colleagues saw a way to go smaller by using a quantum analogy to the conventional hologram.
these electrons interfere with the carbon monoxide molecules to create a quantum hologram. The researchers read the hologram using the microscope to measure the energy state of a single electron wave function.
They showed they could read out an'S'for Stanford with features as small as 0. 3 nanometres.
the researchers demonstrated one of the essential features of holography. They stacked two layers, or pages, of information in this case, an'S'and a'U'within the same hologram.
They teased out the individual pages by scanning the hologram for electrons at different energy levels.
This led the Stanford team to think about the creation of quantum circuits. In encoding the'S',the researchers were concentrating the electron density at certain points and energy levels.
That led study co-author Hari Manoharan to think about using the holograms as stackable quantum circuits
Conventional optical holography which has its own community of researchers who are trying to store information densely can take advantage of charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras that read out the information in parallel.
The quantum electron holography, for now, requires the tunnelling microscope, which traverses the hologram more slowly."
"To make it practical, one needs to think about the future development of read-out systems, "Sergienko says."
"You can't persuade shareholders that they should invest money indefinitely in the absence of any light at the end of the tunnel,
But stronger fields need higher frequency, shorter wavelength radio-frequency signals, and wavelengths shorter than the size of the subject a human head, for example lead to some areas producing either a zero signal (blind spots) or a very strong signal (hot spots).
Magnets with strengths of 7 Tesla can produce super-clear images in some places, but because the corresponding radio-frequency wavelength is just 12 centimetres in human tissue,
the results are dark and undecipherable in others. Pruessmann's technique uses a travelling wave rather than a standing wave,
Any federal reliance on cloud computing, for example, will have to be evaluated in the light of security requirements.
They work by detecting how molecules collectively resonate#like guitar strings that vibrate together#with electromagnetic waves of specific wavelengths.
In that device, light is run through a system of micromirrors before reaching the sensor2. But longer, microwave wavelengths#for applications such as airport scanners#require a different approach,
because there are no materials that can serve as micromirrors in that part of the spectrum. For the latest study, the researchers turned to metamaterials#artificial structures patterned to interact with light in exotic ways.
Whereas a conventional microwave radar system uses a moving dish antenna to collect microwaves reflecting off a moving object
But here, the source sequentially sends out microwaves of different wavelengths. The returning waves are collected then by the metamaterial aperture.
An algorithm compiles data from each wavelength to generate a complete image every 0. 1 seconds.
Exposed to the sun, a solar cell employing such nanowires can turn nearly 14 percent of the incoming light into electricity#a new record that opens up more possibilities for cheap and effective solar power.
and phosphorus that absorbs much of the light from the sun (a property known as its band gap).
Now we absorb 71 percent of the light above the band gap and we can certainly increase that,
such as ultra-efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDS) and solar cells, but the technology has found mainly niche applications.
in which a mix of quantum dots tuned to absorb different wavelengths of light could capture more of the energy in the solar spectrum.
Near the backlight of a liquid-crystal display (LCD), for example, temperatures can be around 100#C. At this temperature,
The contrast with today s flat screens begins with the light source. Conventional LCDS use a high-intensity blue LED backlight
whose glow is converted by a phosphor coating to create a broadband, white light used to make the moving TV images.
The new Triluminos tele#visions instead pair an uncoated blue LED with a thin glass tube filled with quantum dots.
Two kinds of quantum dots in the tube absorb some of the blue light from the backlight
The resulting white light is more intense at the wavelengths of these three specific colours than the white light made by a phosphor-coated LED,
and similarly converts raw blue light into white light made up of pure colours. Nanosys and 3m announced their partnership in June 2012
But the light#emitted after a beam of electrons kicks a material s own electrons into a higher energy state#is faint and diffuse,
giving materials scientists a new tool for investigating the behaviour of light in the interiors of the complex nanostructures used in lasers, light-based circuits and solar cells."
compared with hundreds of nanometres for a beam of light. But maps made by scattered or reflected electrons are not typically sensitive to the way light behaves in the sample.
and energy of the light (see Metamaterial TV). The device is sensitive enough to pick up a signal even from materials that are barely luminescent, such as metals.
they show that the phase velocity of visible light#the speed at which the peaks and troughs of the wave travel through the material#is so fast that it is travelling effectively in a vacuum, the explanation for the material s overall refractive index of zero (E.#J.#R.#Vesseur et al.
The team has mapped also the distribution of light in the silicon nanodiscs that are used as a coating on solar cells to improve efficiency,
Lukas Novotny, an optical physicist at The swiss Federal Institute of technology in Zurich, says that cathodoluminescence could be a useful tool for improving the performance of light-emitting devices and solar cells,
as indicated by a light. An implant recorded neural activity in the rat's motor cortex (the area that controls its movements), compared it to earlier recordings,
then monitored their brain activity using a noninvasive optical imaging technique called functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
(or fluorophore) that showed up under fluorescence spectroscopy. The beads were injected into mice along with the same amount of other beads tagged with a different colour fluorophore but not the peptide.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Thursday approved the first retinal implant for use in the United states. The FDA s green light for Second sight s Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System gives hope to those blinded
the rod and cone cells that convert light into electrical signals transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain s visual cortex for processing.
describing in vitro electrical stimulation of healthy and degenerate rat retina by photodiodes powered by near-infrared light.
scientists say that the images shed fresh light on the first instants of the Universe s birth and peg the age of the Universe at 13.82 billion years#slightly older than previously estimated."
#'Hologram-lite'idea for 3d phone displays Now physicist David Fattal and his colleagues at Hewlett-packard Laboratories in Palo alto have developed a sort of'hologram-lite'approach.
It uses simple diffraction#not interference#to create 3d images that can be altered at video speeds,
It's almost like breaking down a hologram into several finite pieces, Fattal says. It involves etching linear grooves#diffraction gratings#onto a thin glass slab (see image below.
Light from light-emitting diodes is sent then sideways through the slab, and some of it is scattered out of the slab in a direction determined by the spacing and orientation of the grooves.
The grooves are grouped into circular patterns, each of which sends a light ray out of the slab in a particular direction.
Albert Jeansthe array of gratings and the directions of the corresponding light beams are fixed. So to create an image,
a patterned mask is placed over the fixed array of gratings, so that some escaping light rays are blocked
Figuring out how to modulate the LCD screen to produce the views is orders of magnitude easier than working out the complicated interference patterns needed to make a moving hologram visible from any direction,
And because each circular diffraction grating is just 12 micrometres across, the system is suited ideally to mobile technologies,
For example, many commercial 3d televisions use lenses to send underlying light sources in different directions. But the pixels in that case tend to be larger
But he points out that light designed to bleed between each of the 64 different views#to prevent jarring jumps#is 10 times as bright as typically used.
Shining a light on the cells triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions that transfer electrons along a chain of molecules#and switches the transistor on.
or using wavelengths of light that are absorbed easily by chlorophyll, increases the rate of photosynthesis and produces a larger current through the transistor.
A microscope sends sheets of light rather than a conventional beam through the fish's brain,
for the latest study, they modified light detectors and other aspects of the system to increase the rate of imaging tenfold.
The new knowledge the project has generated can shed more light on diseases that affect the myelin
However, this approach has a fundamental limit known as the diffraction limit, which means that it can be used to visualize objects much smaller than the wavelength of the light being used.
For example if you are using blue-green light with a wavelength of 500 nanometers, you can see anything smaller than 250 nanometers. nfortunately,
in biology that right where things get interesting, says Boyden, who is a member of MIT Media Lab and Mcgovern Institute for Brain Research.
contrary to most other methods that beat the diffraction limit for microscopy, which can be 1,
#Printing Color Images Without Ink A new technology creates colorful images by manipulating light rather than applying ink.
and corresponded to the desired absorption of light at various wavelengths. When light was shined onto the structure
the holes allowed certain wavelengths through at specific locations, producing the colorful logo. nlike the printing process of an inkjet or laserjet printer,
where mixed color pigments are used, there is no color ink used in our structural printing process only different hole sizes on a thing metallic layer, Dr. Jie Gao,
#Floating, Touchable'Fairy Lights'Unveiled A team of researchers from Japan has found a way to use a high-speed laser to create a touchable plasma display in mid-air.
as if the light has physical substance, the researchers say. DNEWS: Laser Technique Etches Water Repellence Into Metalthe team of researchers from the University of Tsukuba, Utsunomiya University,
which they've dubbed"Fairy Lights, "has advantages over other 3-D displays. For starters, it doesn require physical matter arranged
e developed a modulation algorithm that increases the throughput of data in visible light communications, Maite Brandt-Pearce,
which stands for Visible light Network Communications. They are now working on a prototype for potential investors:
when the light is on. Bring The nternet Of Thingsinto Your Homeesearchers have called it i-Fi?
the concept could provide a big boost to connectivity speeds with the potential to use every light in a building as an Internet transmitter. via Phys. or a
#'Dog Nose'Light Sniffs Out Disease Here a riddle: What kind of light can smell? Answer:
An optical dog nose. Researcher James Anstie at the University of Adelaide and his team are developing an instrument theye dubbed an optical dog nose that uses a specialized laser known as an optical frequency comb to provide a quick and noninvasive way to analyze a person
Using light to smell might be a little counterintuitive, but stick with us for a moment. Anstie and his team shine the laser onto a sample of gas.
the laser system uses light to ensethe range of molecules that are present in the sample,
which the driver is going, the coupe lights up accordingly. When hit with an electric charge, this special RF-C glows because of an electroluminescent paint.
the quicker the lights will glow. Although Lexus doesn't plan to add this feature to any current cars,
Using near-IR spectroscopy, the SCIO (pronounced ki-oh uses a source light and an optical sensor to identify the molecular structure of any given material.
Different types of molecules vibrate in unique ways and those vibrations interact with the light to create an optical signature.
By analyzing the light spectrum of each specific signature, the SCIO can tell what molecules are present in a material or substance.
This produces luminescence at two separate wavelengths that have lifetimes ranging from 277 millionths of a second to about 100 billionths of a second.
since the visible light emitted by the diamond probes faint green glowoes not penetrate whole human tissue very well. nly infrared light can penetrate into your body.
You cannot do that by using visible light, Jaque says. Still, a micron-scale look at the thermodynamics of human cells with picosecond time resolution would be a tremendous tool for scientists.
By positioning mirrors along the channel that reflect light into a microscope the researchers could observe the levitating cells in real time.
a material that can be stimulated in some way to produce light and a"resonant cavity"that will ring with light waves of particular wavelengths
much as an organ pipe will ring with sound waves of distinct frequencies. Light resonating in the cavity stimulates the material to emit even more light,
greatly amplifying the light to create a laser. Researchers had used previously living cells to fashion lasers by loading the cells with fluorescent proteins
and placing them within a resonant cavity. Now, a team of physicists and biologists have gone a key step further,
so that a zap with one color of light makes them radiate at another color. The light then resonates in the sphere,
triggering laser action and amplifying itself. Crucially, each laser shines at a couple of distinctive wavelengths depending on the precise size of the sphere,
as shown in the graph. So although demonstrated only in cultured cells, the technique might someday be used to track the movement of individual cells,
#Desktop sonic black hole emits Hawking radiation A model black hole that traps sound instead of light has been caught emitting quantum particles thought to be the analogue of the theoretical Hawking radiation.
Their gravity is so strong that nothing not even light can escape from their edge a boundary called the event horizon.
A galaxy should emit about 10 per cent of its light in the mid-infrared range says team leader Jason Wright at Pennsylvania State university.
We have found several dozen galaxies giving out a superlative amount of mid-infrared light says Wright.
Microlensing detects planets by watching how their gravity affects the light of a distant background star.
As one star passes in front of another as seen from Earth light from the background star is bent gravitationally
The planet isn't blocking the background star's light. It's just that the mathematics of focusing is disrupted by the planet's gravity he says.
and coloured lights Spacex CEO Elon musk gave the world its first glimpse of the upgraded Dragon spacecraft.
whether and by how much the light from the supernova is being messed with by other things like nearby galaxies or the expansion of the universe.
For example the gravity from a massive object like a galaxy can magnify light from another object like a supernova bending its light waves
its light is being lensed by a galaxy in front of it. The supernova PS1-10afx was discovered in 2010 using the Pan starrs telescope in Hawaii.
Since we know what the light from PS1-10afx should look like without gravitational lensing a standard candle any differences can be attributed to the mass of the galactic lens
#Star dust casts doubt on recent big bang wave result An imprint left on ancient cosmic light that was attributed to ripples in spacetime
Unlike BICEP2 Planck observes at a range of different wavelengths. Because emissions from dust vary with wavelength this should allow researchers to better separate out the contributions to polarised light from dust.
For sure this BICEP2 result will put even more pressure on Planck's next release says Fabio Finelli a Planck team leader at Italy's National Institute for Astrophysics in Bologna.
Gas in Earth's upper atmosphere is ionised by ultraviolet light from the sun and the resulting plasma becomes trapped by magnetic fields in a doughnut-shaped ring around the planet.
Laser signals carry more data but the light is almost undetectable by the time it reaches Earth. Now a nanoscale light detector could make such deep-space missives easier to read.
So says Richard Mirin at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder Colorado who developed the detector with NASA.
The most reliable way of doing this is to vary the time interval between light pulses with a long interval representing a 0 say
The net is fitted with sensors that look for light reflecting from small pieces of debris and automatically aligns itself
or shine but their relatively long wavelengths limit the information they can transmit in a given time period.
So LADEE will carry a laser with a near-infrared wavelength that is thousands of times shorter as part of the Lunar Laser communication Demonstration experiment.
But using shorter wavelengths for communication presents new challenges. Laser beams do not spread out as much as radio waves
To maximise the chance of cloudless skies LLCD will be able to beam its light to any of three detectors in New mexico California or Spain.
It will deploy Sprint-A into low Earth orbit where the spacecraft will take aim at the planets using cameras and sensors that record extreme-ultraviolet light.
Extreme UV is a range of light suitable for observing planetary atmospheres says Shujiro Sawai of the Japan aerospace exploration agency (JAXA.
When a planet transits a star the amount of light it blocks is used to calculate its size.
because it requires teasing out subtle periodic variations in a star's light. Fabienne Bastien of Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and colleagues used Kepler data to watch instead for flickers in starlight due to short-lived convection cells or granules on the star's surface.
and the tabletop method makes searing-hot beams of particles moving at near light speed. As an alternative says Sarri the beams can be used to mimic the way particle fountains from black holes
and colleagues observed the star at three wavelengths: one sensitive to dust grains a millimetre across
So Cahoy and colleagues are working on using light to transfer data instead. Easier to focus
then come together in space to form a light, powerful satellite. A network of such orbiters should be able to provide coverage that is similar to the signals terrestrial cellular towers already pump out."
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