#Laser light creates hologram the width of a hair Purdue University rightoriginal Studyposted by Emil Venere-Purdue on December 9 2013researchers have created tiny holograms using a etasurfacecapable of the ultra-efficient control of light.
Laser light shines through the nanoantennas creating the hologram 10 microns above the metasurface. f we can shape characters we can shape different types of light beams for sensing
because the wavelength of light is too large to fit in tiny components needed for integrated circuits. Nanostructured metamaterials however are making it possible to reduce the wavelength of light allowing the creation of new types of nanophotonic devices says Vladimir M. Shalaev scientific director of nanophotonics at Purdue s Birck Nanotechnology Center
and professor of electrical and computer engineering. he most important thing is that we can do this with a very thin layer only 30 nanometers
and this is unprecedentedshalaev says. his means you can start to embed it in electronics to marry it with electronics. he layer is about 1/23rd the width of the wavelength of light used to create the holograms.
and control the routing of light in devices too tiny for conventional lasers. The researchers have shown how to control the intensity
Each antenna has its own hase delayow much light is slowed as it passes through the structure.
Medical imaging could also benefit greatly as the dots show robust performance as fluorescent agents. ne of the problems with standard probes in fluorescent spectroscopy is that
A small change in the size of a quantum dot as little as a fraction of a nanometer##changes its fluorescent wavelengths by a measurable factor
#Quantum wells flash light without magnets Spontaneous bursts of light from a solid block illuminate the unusual way interacting quantum particles behave
That opens up the possibility of making compact semiconductor devices to produce picosecond pulses of light. The researchers report their findings online in Scientific Reports.
Kono says the team didn t understand at the time why the wavelength of the burst changed over its 100-picosecond span.
Now they Do in the new results the researchers not only described the mechanism by which the light s wavelength evolves during the event (as a Fermi-edge singularity)
The researchers found the emitted light shifted toward the higher red wavelengths as the burst progressed. hat s cool about this is that we have a material we excite it with a 150-femtosecond pulse wait for 100 picoseconds
The findings may shed new light on how plants as well as other living organisms respond to environmental conditions.
and clunkyâ##if you wanted to cloak a car for example in practice you would have to completely envelop the vehicle in many layers of metamaterials in order to effectively hieldit from electromagnetic radiation.
or light waves could use the same principle as the necessary antenna technology matures. here are more applications for radio than for lightsays Eleftheriades. t s just a matter of technologyâ##you can use the same principle for light
and light is projected onto the resin to cure it in the shape of the related layer.
Such semiconductors are used often in lasers optics and infrared detectors. The National Science Foundation and USC funded the work.
Once an excited electron crosses over the interface from the material that absorbs the light to the material that will conduct the current it can't cross back giving it a direction. here's a small category of materials
because they have only been demonstrated with ultraviolet light and most of the energy from the sun is in the visible
and infrared spectrum. â#Finding a material that exhibits the bulk photovoltaic effect for visible light would greatly simplify solar cell construction.
as coins raining down on you with the different frequencies of light being like pennies nickels dimes and so on.
A quality of your light-absorbing material called its bandgap determines the denominations you can catchrappe says. he Shockley-Queisser limit says that whatever you catch is only as valuable as the lowest denomination your bandgap allows.
if you picked a lower denominationhe says etting your bandgap to catch only silver dollars is like only being able to catch UV LIGHT.
even though you're losing most of the energy from the UV you do get. s no known materials exhibited the bulk photovoltaic effect for visible light the research team worked to devise how a new one might be fashioned and its properties measured.
but with elements from the second material in key locations enabling it to absorb visible light. he design challengesays Peter K. Davies chair of the department of materials science and engineering as to identify materials that could retain their polar properties while simultaneously absorbing visible light.
Most light absorbing materials have a symmetrical crystal structure meaning their atoms are arranged in repeating patterns up down left right front and back.
The researchers used X-ray crystallography and Raman scattering spectroscopy to ensure they had produced the crystal structure and symmetry they intended.
and bandgap showing that they could indeed produce a bulk photovoltaic effect with visible light opening the possibility of breaking the Shockley-Queisser limit.
LED lightingâ##allowing for brighter more efficient lights. hese guidelines should permit the discovery of new and improved phosphors in a rational rather than trial-and-error mannersays Ram Seshadri a professor in the department of materials at University of California
which converts and mixes the blue light into the green-yellow-orange range of light. When combined evenly with the blue the green-yellow-orange light yields white light.
The notion of multiple colors creating white may seem counterintuitive. With reflective pigments mixing blue and yellow yields green;
which convert the higher energy blue light to lower energy yellow/orange light. o far there has been no complete understanding of
s LEDS become brighter for example as they are used in vehicle front lights they also tend to get warmer
Current incandescent light bulbs by comparison are at roughly 5 percent efficiency and fluorescent lamps are a little more efficient at about 20 percent. e have demonstrated already up to 60 percent efficiency in lab demosdenbaars says.
or the batteries have no charge remaining. n addition to the applications discussed above such technology could be extended to other radiations such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and light detection and ranging (LIDAR)
The component converts heat from the sun into infrared light which can be absorbed by solar cells to make electricity a technology known as thermophotovoltaics.
But silicon semiconductors only respond to infrared light. Higher energy light waves including most of the visible light spectrum are wasted as heat
while lower energy waves simply pass through the solar panel. n theory conventional single-junction solar cells can only achieve an efficiency level of about 34 percent
an absorber that heats up when exposed to sunlight and an emitter that converts the heat to infrared light
which is beamed then to the solar cell. ssentially we tailor the light to shorter wavelengths that are ideal for driving a solar cellfan explains. hat raises the theoretical efficiency of the cell to 80 percent
and his colleagues at Stanford who confirmed that devices were still capable of producing infrared light waves that are ideal for running solar cells. hese results are unprecedentedsays former Illinois graduate student Kevin Arpin the lead author of the study. e demonstrated for the first time that ceramics
and determine if the experimental thermal emitters can deliver infrared light to a working solar cell. e ve demonstrated that the tailoring of optical properties at high temperatures is possiblebraun says. afnium
and Energy project and the Department of energy s Light-Material Interactions in Energy conversion Center supported the work along with the National Science Foundation and the Research Triangle Solar fuels Institute.
or their analysis the researchers used ultraviolet spectroscopy data obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble space telescope of the white dwarf GD 61.
As the atmosphere of the Earth blocks the ultraviolet light such study can only be carried out from space.
and intensity of their photoluminescent glow in ultraviolet light. Mart says nobody had studied the third key property the amount of time the complex remains in an excited state.
Byer says laser accelerators could drive compact X-ray free-electron lasers comparable to SLAC s Linac Coherent light Source that are all-purpose tools for a wide range of research.
in optical resonators the pitch corresponds to the color or wavelength of the lightsays Kerry Vahala professor of information science and technology and applied physics at the California Institute of technology (Caltech.
ur device provides a consistent light frequency that improves both optical and electronic devices when it is used as a reference. good tuning fork controls the release of its acoustical energy ringing just one pitch at a particular sound frequency for a long timeâ##a sustaining property called the quality factor.
In the new design photons are applied to an outer ring of the spiraled resonator with a tiny light-dispensing optic fiber;
In combination with the resonator a special guide for the light was used losing 100 times less energy than the average chip-based device.
Hong has used long solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study structural biology including the mechanism used by the flu virus to infect host cells.
So the researchers##working with specialists from the Bruker Biospin Corp. a manufacturer of scientific instruments##used a technology called dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to enhance the sensitivity of spectroscopy instruments.
The resolution of the chemical pattern nears the current limit of traditional photolithography notes Lance Williamson a graduate student in molecular engineering at University of Chicago
and co-author of the article. mec has the capability to perform the photolithography at this scale over large areas with high precisionwilliamson says.
along with throwing light on the major controls on this key process over long time scales. dditional researchers from Princeton The swiss Institute of technology in Zurich (ETH) and Columbia University Lamont-doherty earth observatory.
Next the researchers used a technique called two-photon lithography to turn that design into a three-dimensional polymer lattice.
The slower version of the cell-dying process is what lights up hillsides in autumn:
#Bubble lens bends nano beam of light PENN STATE (US) Using a few tiny liquid bubbles to bend light beams could open the doors for next-generation, high-speed circuits and displays, according to new research.
researchers use nanoplasmonicsevices that use short electromagnetic waves to modulate light on the nanometer scale, where conventional optics do not work.
However, aiming and focusing this modulated light beam at desired targets is difficult. here are different solid-state devices to control (light beams),
and focus of any light beam passing through it. Huang team created separate simulations of the light beams
and bubble lens to predict their behaviors and optimize conditions before combining the two in the laboratory.
or adjusting the laser power can change how the bubble will deflect a light beam, either as a concentrated beam at a specific target or as a dispersed wave.
Changing the liquid also affects how a light beam will refract. The materials to form bubble lenses are inexpensive,
the better quality of the light that pass through it. Huang believes that the next step is to find out how the bubble shape influences the direction of the light beam and the location of its focal point.
Fine control over these light beams will enable improvements for on-chip biomedical devices and super resolution imaging. or all these applications,
you really need to precisely control light in nanoscale, and that where this work can be a very important component,
The group engineered the miniature silicon system that produces a type of light that is quieter at certain frequencies#meaning it has fewer quantum fluctuations#than
This#squeezed light#is useful for making precise measurements at lower power levels than are required
when using normal light. Although other research groups previously have produced squeezed light the new system generates the ultraquiet light in a way that can be adapted more easily to a variety of sensor applications.#
#This system should enable a new set of precision microsensors capable of beating standard limits set by quantum mechanics#says Oskar Painter a professor of applied physics at Caltech
#Perfect for electronicsin the past squeezed light has been made using so-called nonlinear materials which have unusual optical properties.
This latest work marks the first time that squeezed light has been produced using silicon a standard material.#
When photons-particles of light-strike the beams they cause the beams to vibrate. And the particulate nature of the light introduces quantum fluctuations that affect those vibrations.
Typically such fluctuations mean that in order to get a good reading of a signal you would have to increase the power of the light to overcome the noise.
But by increasing the power you also introduce other problems such as introducing excess heat into the system.
so that the light and beams interact strongly with each other#so strongly in fact that the beams impart the quantum fluctuations they experience back on the light.
And as is the case with the noise-canceling technology used for example in some headphones the fluctuations that shake the beams interfere with the fluctuations of the light.
They effectively cancel each other out eliminating the noise in the light.##This is a demonstration of
#You need the particle nature of light to explain these quantum fluctuations and you need the wave nature of light to understand this interference.#
#The National Science Foundation the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation the Air force Office of Scientific research and the Kavli Nanoscience Institute at Caltech supported the work.
But light varies in terms of both its intensity and its phase, which is related to the angle at
which light is traveling. What this project has developed is a means of taking low-resolution images
Using the Advanced Light source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory engineers and geologists examined the fine-scale structure of Roman concrete.
Excited electrons can spontaneously fall down to an available lower energy level shooting off the difference in energy as a bit of light called a photon.
#Bendy nanosensors detect infrared light University of Pennsylvania rightoriginal Studyposted by Evan Lerner-Pennsylvania on May 22 2013u.
PENN (US)# Engineers have used a pattern of nanoantennas to develop a new way of turning infrared light into mechanical action
but it can also be used to do spectroscopy a technique that involves scattering light over a substance to infer its chemical composition.
Existing infrared detectors use cryogenically cooled semiconductors or thermal detectors known as microbolometers in which changes in electrical resistance can be correlated to temperatures.
but both need expensive bulky equipment to be sensitive enough for spectroscopy applications.##We set out to make an optomechanical thermal infrared detector#says Ertugrul Cubukcu assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania.#
#Rather than changes in resistance our detector works by connecting mechanical motion to changes in temperature.#
Because metals will naturally convert some energy from infrared light into heat researchers can connect the amount the material expands to the amount of infrared light hitting it.#
A fiber optic cable pointed upward at this system bounces light off the underside of the silicon nitride layer enabling the researchers to determine how far the structure has bent upwards.#
#We can tell how far the bottom layer has moved based on this reflected light#Cubukcu says.##We can even see displacements that are thousands of times smaller than a hydrogen atom.#
The new device is an improvement in this regard due to the inclusion of#slot#nanoantennas cavities that are etched into the gold layer at intervals that correspond to wavelengths of mid-infrared light.#
which type of light it is sensitive to by etching a different pattern of slots on the surface.#
#Our antennas can be engineered to absorb at any wavelength.##While only a proof-of-concept at this stage future research will demonstrate the device s capabilities as a low-cost way of analyzing individual proteins and gas molecules.
I had the chance to see Ember in action at Autodesk Pier 9 manufacturing space in San francisco. It a digital light processing machine,
The light from a low-power infrared laser interacts with the atoms and is transmitted through the fiber-optic cable to register the magnetic field strength.
and the researchers are confident that it will only be a matter of time before they can fill the gap-they say they will do so mainly by boosting the amount of light detected.
Another system, developed at the UK's National Physical Laboratory, uses radio frequencies, microwaves, terahertz radiation and far-infrared light to determine the ripeness of strawberries
The lasers will send brief pulses of light around 16 billion of them in a year that are optimized to pass through the canopy of even very dense forests without causing harm to animals or vegetation,
Conventional image sensors work by first converting light into electrical signals then combining that information with the red green
LANP graduate student Bob Zheng set out to create a photonic system that could detect colored light but in what lab director Naomi Halas calls a great example of the serendipity that can occur in the lab he wound up with a device with far broader applications.
It's these approximately 100-nanometers-wide slits that allow the device to differentiate between colors with plasmons waves of electrons that flow across metal surfaces) excited by light of a specific wavelength.
they also interact with each other thereby increasing the amount of light absorbed (and thus potentially reducing noise.
You get this funneling of light into a concentrated area. Today's color filtering mechanisms often involve materials that are not CMOS-compatible
and the wind The light is being developed through a collaboration between the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya and Spanish startup Eolgreen.
and a lithium iron phosphate battery pack that can store enough power to run the lights for up to 3. 5 nights per charge an optional higher-capacity battery could reportedly manage 6. 5 nights.
and plans to produce 700 of the lights this year. Spain University of Seville is also working on a solar wind-powered streetlight,
partially blocking incoming light, without the need for an external power source. The device also functions as a small transparent battery that recharges on its own simply by interacting with the oxygen in its surroundings.
wee seen a number of"smart windows"pop up that act as high-tech shutters to shield incoming light during those hot sunny days.
controllable with a light switch or wirelessly through a smartphoneenerally rely on an external power source to function,
and the company Trilite Technologies have developed a new kind of display just for this purpose that sends beams of light directly to the viewerseyes via a laser and a sophisticated mirror system.
and a movable mirror to send light beams in different directions, which the creators claim produces angular resolution so fine that the left eye is presented a different picture than the right one,
The breakthrough is in the new system's ability to bind titanium dioxide (Tio2) a photocatalyst that reacts under ultraviolet light.
and polymer layers where the light is collected. Furthermore, graphics can be printed to improve its visual appearance.
Freely designed decorative organic solar panels are applicable also in indoor use to harvest energy from indoor Light production methods are cost-effective
VTT is also developing a method to utilize light in wireless data transfer by using solar cells as data receivers.
which the devices can also harvest energy from the ambient light. The first results have been very promising g
When activated by light, these nanoscale motors twist the polymer chains in the gel, which as a result contracts by several centimeters.
as soon as the motors are activated by light they twist the polymer chains in the gel, which makes it contract.
people could feel holograms of objects that would not otherwise be touchable, such as feeling the differences between materials in a CT SCAN or understanding the shapes of artifacts in a museum.
##All three CEOS expressed frustration that the first time their fledgling industry has seen the light of day,
At our 2013 Structure Data conference, the CIA s tech chief, Gus Hunt, said the new breed offitness trackers#were both light on security
or left so that it can turn on or off the lights. With#Phillips Hue#and countless other smart lights, this is already possible.
If invisible buttons were defined just rigidly on-off switches they wouldn t be terribly useful. But because the actions they trigger#can be modified by an infinitude of other variables,
internet-connected smart energy systems can figure out you re home the moment you switch on a light.
Anticipatory computing and the end of interfaces Objects on our bodies (health monitors, smart glasses) and in our homes and businesses (smart thermostats, lights, appliances and security systems) can all be programmed to interact in complicated and unexpected ways
With a trio of cameras and lights up front and those floppy flailing legs, RHEX gets your pareidolia going##it looks like a determined little critter trying to find a snack.
As the sun shifts, the light comes in at an angle, creating shadows within the cylinder.
which ensures that they always get direct light. Via Pop Sci Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorat k
The company developed a patented##Light-guide Optical Element##(LOE) in effect a tiny projector that projects onto a special lens
the lights go off and the system shuts down, ##he says, in what is a simulation of just one potential result of a successful attack.
which keep the lights on for millions of homes and businesses. With a start-up budget of#2. 7m granted by the Islington Council
With the Utah system a bus could charge from coils placed under the road surface where passengers load or at traffic lights.
At the start of this year, Meeker and his cofounders gave one of their 30 employees the green light to start#The Barkpost.
and#d. light, a for-profit seller of solar lights, recently reached its1 millionth customer. Video)##If these numbers haven t raised the attention of institutional investors,
allowing, for instance, a consumer to control his TV, house lights, and AC unit from a smartphone#or augmented reality devices like Glass##isn t actually all that far off.
##Clocking in at a tiny eight-inches long and 2. 1 ounces light, the PD-100 Black Hornet, was previously a mere#prototype back in 2009,
expect it to use its core data-handling skills to shed new light on familiar age-related maladies.
The algorithm alters the light from each individual pixel so that, when fed through a tiny hole in the plastic filter,
rays of light reach the retina in a way that re-creates a sharp image. Researchers say the idea is to anticipate how your eyes will naturally distort whatever's on screen something glasses
which causes different parts of the lens to refract light differently. While similar methods have been tried before,
#New LED light technology sheds light on the future of food LED growing lights, delivering sunlight whatever the weather.
We need to make better use of land, light and logistics for an increasingly urban population.
or grow indoors with the help of artificial lights. Vertical farming is promising because it requires no soil,
and environmental controls that regulate temperature, humidity and light to produce vegetables, fruits and other crops year-round.
Considerable energy is required to power a closed, indoor greenhouse facility s artificial lighting, heating and cooling
This kind of artificial light has an extremely high photoelectric conversion efficiency consuming only one eighth the power of incandescent lamp, half of the power of fluorescent lamp,
and can produce light of varying intensity. Because it produces less heat, the light can be moved closer to the plants.
This increases efficiency, not just in terms of energy use but by allowing layers of growing plants to be packed more densely, making more efficient use of space.
LED LIGHTS can be tuned to emit only a narrow wavelength of light they can be combined to create perfect lighting that provide light on the ideal spectrum for a plant s growth.
Evidence is emerging that specific wavelengths of light have distinct effects on crop yield, quality, and even pest and disease resistance.
There is potential for these multifunctional techno-greenhouses built around LED grow lights to increase the quality of the food we eat
and the amount that we can grow with the same land and resources: the very 21st-century problems we now face
"So Vessyl understands that you drank 20 ounces of Red Bull or half a can of Miller Light,
While#hologram#technology has been improving in recent years along with#3d scanning, its function is mostly to disrupt#3d printing#as a rapid-prototyping system.
At that point, they step into the hologram space, which consists of walls with grids on them that the phone uses to track with technology similar to#Google s Tango.
Lowe s foray into high tech capitalizes on recent developments in holography. Ten years ago, the holodeck#seemed like a dream.
holography#made a splash#last year when University of Illinois computer scientists showed off an immersive holograph room, CAVE2, that projected images on an array of LED screens.
your light adjusts to the level that you want it. All of that can start to happen
#Ostendo Technologies chip to bring holograms to smartphones Ostendo chip that can produce a hologram Virtual reality won t require strapping a bulky contraption to your head in the future.
Other companies have shown they can project floating images that appear to be holograms, but many involve large machines employing a system of mirrors to direct light with limited viewing angles.
For instance, the lifelike image of the late rapper Tupac shakur, which graced the Coachella music festival stage in 2012,
powered by a computer chip that can control the color, brightness and angle of each beam of light across one million pixels.
or tables that can project hologram-like images. So what happens in a world where 3-D
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