Now researchers at Columbia University from James Hone lab, in cooperation with a team at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), have taken this huge step forward by creating the first on-chip incandescent visible light source
in a press release. his new type of'broadband'light emitter can be integrated into chips and will pave the way towards the realization of atomically thin, flexible,
depends on being able to generate light on the chip itself. While a number of approaches have been developed for generating this light,
this research marks the first time that anyone has done it with the simplest artificial light source: incandescent light.
The main reason that this was achieved never before is because of the amount of heat that incandescent light generates.
In order for these micro-scale metal wires to glow in the visible light range, they must be able to withstand temperatures reaching thousands of degrees Celsius.
Getting that level of heat to transfer out of the micro-scale wires was always a problem
and often led to damaging the surrounding chip. But graphene makes all the difference. The international team demonstrated heating the graphene-based filament to 2500 Degree celsius,
Graphene transparency was behind the discovery that emitted spectrum of light emitted had peaks at certain wavelengths.
occurred because of interference between the light emitted from the graphene filament and the light reflecting off the silicon substrate beneath it.
So it becomes possible to tune the emission spectrum by altering the distance between the filament and the substrate
it a hoto batterywhere the anode itself is made of titanium nitride and ambient light. Under artificial light, this prototype battery has a capacity of 77.8 mah/g. Itl quite happily power a small fan or LED light for about 30 seconds,
and then if you give it a break for 30 seconds while shining a light on it,
itl be charged all up and good to go again. Over 100 cycles, the battery retained a bit over 70 percent of its discharge capacity,
but getting your hopes up for a light-powered battery in your cell phone might be premature by a decade or so.
When combined, they create a metamaterial, capable of bending light in unusual ways. The team also varied the height of the cylinders by a small amount,
A cloak could be made for visible light but would have to be much thinner. Because the shortest wavelength the human eye perceives is slightly less than 400 nm,
but light absorption was low. The Gap nanowires, about 500 nm long and 90 nm thick, increased enormously the surface of the photocathode exposed to light.
When excited with a pulse of light, the segments rich in cadmium and selenium gave off red light;
those rich in cadmium and sulfur emitted green light; and those rich in zinc and sulfur glowed blue.
The researchers grew this alloy in stages, carefully varying the temperature and other growth conditions over time.
The scientists can individually target each segment of the nanosheet with a light pulse. Varying the power of the light pulses that each section received tuned how intensely they shone,
allowing the alser to produce 70 percent more perceptible colors than the most commonly used light sources.
Lasers could be far more energy-efficient than LEDS: While LED-based lighting produces up to about 150 lumens per watt of electricity,
"the use of light to connect devices to the Interenet. Li-Fi ould be 10 times faster than today Wi-fi,
whether they can excite these lasers with electricity instead of with light pulses. They detailed their findings online 27 july in the journal Nature Nanotechnology N
and organic materials convert low energy photons into visible light that a solar cell can capture. Cadmium selenide nanocrystals with one kind of organic coating left produced violet light,
while cadmium selenide nanocrystals with another type of organic coating right produced green. Solar cell efficiencies could increase by 30 percent
Visible light accounts for under half of the solar energy that reaches Earth's surface. Nearly all of the rest comes from infrared radiation.
which absorbs green light and emits violet light, the investigators could boost upconversion up to a thousandfold by coating the nanocrystals with anthracene, a component of coal tar.
This suggests that similar coatings on lead selenide nanocrystals might boost their upconversion efficiency as well.
and have reported substantial savings from implementing measures as simple as installing motion-sensor lights in hallways and stairwells.
#Purelifi Raises £1. 5m For Tech That Uses Pulsating LED Light To Create Wifi Alternative Purelifi,
an alternative to wireless networking, such as Wifi or 5g, based on visible light communication (VLC). Specifically, the tech uses pulsating LED light, imperceptible to the human eye,
as a way of sending data from one Lifi-equipped device to another. Today the startup is disclosing that it raised £1. 5 million in a new round of funding led by Scottish-based angel group London & Scottish Investment Partners (LSIP), with additional funding from the Scottish
which is observed as visible light. If the current is varied slowly the output intensity of the light dims up and down.
Because LED bulbs are semiconductor devices, the current, and hence the optical output, can be modulated at extremely high speeds
The accessories in question range from sensors, to lights, to thermostats, to smart outlets and come from a group of accessory-makers with a trusted reputation in the connected home industry.
This Homekit version lets users control lights in specific areas, as well as check with Siri to see
if lights are either on or off in specific areas of the house you might not be able to see at any given moment.
you can control specific rooms or groups of lights separately, or turn everything off with voice commands.
It began by splashing blue strobe lights and repeating the word wesomeenough times to suggest that it might have doubts about the merit of
#Will a Breakthrough Solar technology See the Light of Day? The power unit is a rectangular slab about the size of a movie theater screen.
That raises a disturbing possibilityight a breakthrough technology that could make solar power truly competitive never see the light of day, not because of any lack of technical merit,
The idea is that you can increase the amount of energy any solar cell gathers by putting lenses over the cell to focus light into it.
Some wavelengths of light would be absorbed by one material, and the rest would pass to the semiconductors below, and so on.
light would be delivered to that array via optical fiber, and each of the tiny elements would reflect some of that light to create the light field for a particular point in 3-D space.
The array could be semitransparent to allow a person to see the real world at the same time. Multiple layers of such tiny mirrors would allow the display to produce the illusion of virtual objects at different distances.
and other stimuli such as light and electricity have been around for decades. You can find them in cars airplanes robots and medical implants.
which are common in aircraft because of their light weight and high strength. And though others have worked on carbon composites that can respond to a specific stimulus such as heat Cros says in the new approach the carbon composites can be paired with a variety of shape-shifting materials that respond to different environmental triggers.
because organic light-emitting molecules can be deposited over large surfaces. They also run cooler than LEDS,
It does this via nanoparticles that ease the transition for light as it passes between the parts of an OLED device.
and allows more light out. Various companies are also making progress toward lowering costs. Konica-Minolta and OLED Works (a business formed from Kodak former OLED division) are both developing cheaper new manufacturing techniques.
This fall, Konica-Minolta will start full-scale production of OLED lights on flexible plastic sheets.
which should be faster and cheaper than making OLED lights in batches, as is done now.
and blue light, but the blue light is relatively inefficient. Last week Stephen Forrest, a professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Michigan, published work on a more efficient,
longer-lasting blue material that might solve this problem. LEDS produce a beautiful sheet of light,
An experimental programmable headlight automatically adjusts thousands of tiny individually controlled light sources to prevent other drivers from being blinded while still highlighting signs or obstacles ahead.
and selectively disable the light directed at them and it can do this at up to 140 miles per hour.
or even reduce the glare during a snowfall by distributing light between snowflakes. Improving the ability to drive in the dark
or dim the lights if a pedestrian is crossing but they lack the ability to improve lane illumination.
The projector uses a light source that is 4700 lumens (much brighter than a halogen headlight) with an array of almost 800000 micromirrors that can be controlled individually by the computer.
The ability to control the light with so many micromirrors provides a high-resolution, highly tunable system that can also turn on
The front sensor calculates the position of objects by observing how they distort an invisible pattern of infrared light by a tiny projector in the sensor.
Rather than the pixels being illuminated by a backlight, each pixel glows on its own, like a minuscule light bulb.
Maimone has been working on an entirely new kind of augmented reality device that is light and compact, and offers a wide field of view.
and the eye to modulate the light and form the perceived image, says Maimone. ince the light rays that hit each display pixel come from the same direction,
often used in everyday cameras to block normally unwanted light signals in pictures. Then they added a filter that only allowed infrared light through,
along with a ring of several cheap near-infrared LEDS. By doing so, they essentially made each camera act as an infrared camera. computer with Microsoft image of person's face e kind of turned the camera on its head
The Microsoft team says it wanted to use the reflective intensity of infrared light as something like a cross between a sonar signal and a torch in a dark room.
The light would bounce off the nearby object and return to the sensor with a corresponding intensity.
when it comes to visible light. But the group needed to train the machines (in this case a Samsung galaxy Nexus smartphone and a Microsoft Lifecam Web camera) on that relationship,
The new design uses three backlights one red, one blue, and one green, that illuminate all of the pixels in the display in very rapid successionoo quickly for the eye to perceive.
when it opens to let light through. If it just open for when the blue light is on it looks blue.
Opening it also for some red or green would allow those colors to blend, to create different shades.
In the short term however a much simpler approach stacking different semiconducting materials that collect different frequencies of light could provide nearly as much of an increase in efficiency as any radical new design.
which measures changes in blood flow by shining a light on the skin and measuring how it scatters off blood vessels (this is often done in hospitals with a device that fits over your fingertip).
The emitter shines an infrared light on a part of the ear between the concha and antitragusssentially, the lower part of the bowl of your ear,
just above your earlobend the photodetector picks up the light that scatters off nearby blood vessels.
The sheet of glass is covered with reflective materials on the front and the back that trap light inside the glass.
When a beam of concentrated light from the array of lenses hits the material, it heats up part of it,
which in turn allows light to enter the glass sheet. The material remains reflective everywhere else, helping to trap that light inside the glassnd the light bounces around until it reaches the thin edge of the glass,
where a small solar cell is mounted to generate electricity. As the day goes on, the beam of light from the lenses moves and the material adapts,
always allowing light in only where the beam of light falls, and reducing the need to keep the apparatus pointed directly at the sun. Glint CEO Peter Kozodoy says solar power from its devices could cost four cents per kilowatt-hour,
compared to eight cents per kilowatt-hour for the best conventional solar panels. This month, the company received the first installments of a $2. 2 million grant from ARPA-E. The ARPA-E funding will allow the company to scale up from prototypes just 2. 5 centimeters across to make 30
which some of the light is absorbed or reflected en route to the solar cells r
#Cheap and Nearly Unbreakable Sapphire Screens Come into View This fall, rumor has it, Apple will start selling iphones with a sapphire screen that is just about impossible to scratch.
The algorithm alters the light from each individual pixel so that, when fed through a tiny hole in the plastic filter, rays of light reach the retina in a way that re-creates a sharp image.
Researchers say the idea is to anticipate how your eyes will naturally distort whatever onscreenomething glasses
which causes different parts of the lens to refract light differently. While similar methods have been tried before,
which advises users on how much insulin they should take in light of information recorded on their smartphones:
It allows adaptation of regulations and conventions in light of emerging information on benefits, risks,
Each one focuses light onto 29 megapixel chip. The dome is designed so that the fields of view of each of the small telescopes overlap to cover around 10,000 square degrees of sky simultaneously
and for now it works only with a single wavelength of light but it s the first time that anyone has been able to generate electrical current using these high-energy electrons.
and figuring out how to make them with high precision (see Capturing More Light with a Single Solar cell and Nanocharging Solar).
and germination patterns are influenced by green light and that light frequency also influences the biomass of certain plants as well as their nutritional content.
For example higher levels of red light increases tomato yield and the Vitamin c content of mustard spinach and green onions.
Green light also contributes to the plant growth and development say Singh and co. Exactly how light of various frequencies influences plant growth biomass and nutritional content is understood not well.
Which is why plant scientists all over the world are currently studying this phenomenon in an effort to exploit it in future.
That they were ever there is discernable only by a close examination of the screen protector in the right light
and waits for an ultraviolet light to switch on to cure the glue. Then it can withdraw to pick up a new rod.
The project seems more puzzling in light of the hard times at other electric car battery factories in the United states. In 2009,
#Apps by the Dashboard Light Starting next month, many car buyers will be getting a novel feature:
Operating on the visible light spectrum band, screen-camera communication is free of electromagnetic interference, offering a promising alternative for acquiring short-range information.
which is invisible to the naked eye that you'd need to put an ultraviolet light on,
*Carbon fibre bicycle frames are popular with cyclists as they are so light, but they are also liable to crack.
which is invisible to the naked eye that you'd need to put an ultraviolet light on,
*Carbon fibre bicycle frames are popular with cyclists as they are so light, but they are also liable to crack.
The ultrathin graphene was turned into a superheated filament-just like the thin wire of an incandescent light bulb
The light was so intense it could be seen with the naked eye even though it was on the atomic scale,
The discovery could be used as the basis of a new kind of switching device for future optical computers that use pulses of light rather than electricity to process
which has its own visible light source, said James Hone, professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University in New york, co-author of the study published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology."
This new type of'broadband'light emitter can be integrated into chips and will pave the way towards the realisation of atomically thin, flexible and transparent displays,
visible light.""The visible light from atomically thin graphene is so intense that it is visible even to the naked eye,
without any additional magnification,"said Young Duck Kim of Columbia, the co-lead author of the study.
Creating such small light sources on the surface of a computer chip is considered essential for developing the fully integrated"photonic"circuits of optical computers,
The researchers also found that it was possible to vary the wavelengths of the light by altering the distance of the graphene wafers suspended over the silicon substrate of the chip-a potentially useful way of tuning the light source
The ultrathin graphene was turned into a superheated filament-just like the thin wire of an incandescent light bulb
The light was so intense it could be seen with the naked eye even though it was on the atomic scale,
The discovery could be used as the basis of a new kind of switching device for future optical computers that use pulses of light rather than electricity to process
which has its own visible light source, said James Hone, professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University in New york, co-author of the study published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology."
This new type of'broadband'light emitter can be integrated into chips and will pave the way towards the realisation of atomically thin, flexible and transparent displays,
visible light.""The visible light from atomically thin graphene is so intense that it is visible even to the naked eye,
without any additional magnification,"said Young Duck Kim of Columbia, the co-lead author of the study.
Creating such small light sources on the surface of a computer chip is considered essential for developing the fully integrated"photonic"circuits of optical computers,
The researchers also found that it was possible to vary the wavelengths of the light by altering the distance of the graphene wafers suspended over the silicon substrate of the chip-a potentially useful way of tuning the light source
and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science said that they have demonstrated for the first time an on-chip visible light source using graphene as a filament.
"This new type of'broadband'light emitter can be integrated into chips and will pave the way towards the realisation of atomically thin, flexible,
At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
At the heart of the new technology is a piece of nano-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in infrared light when a low power laser light hits them.
while also allowing the light to penetrate to be able to reach the sensors that would in turn,
since they are able to change from a liquid into a solid using only a light source as a temporary support for other materials or as a pattern during the casting process.
while working with a UV sensitive material that hardness when exposed to UV LIGHT, they explain on their website.
which could help with more complicated reconstructions-such as nasal reconstruction. nd that temperature change is key to their success. Bioprinting technology typically relies on high temperatures (possibly through UV LIGHT or solvents).
The light is projected through each well and collected by 96 plastic optical fibers. A custom-designed smartphone app then reads the resulting images
After the light is projected through each well, 96 individual plastic optical fibers in the attachment collect a multitude of images.
which is invisible to the naked eye that you'd need to put an ultraviolet light on,
and other types of light than some scientists previously thought, and indicates that the star system has passed repeatedly a key threshold for brightness where the outward pressure from radiation by the system is balanced by the inward pull of gravity.
The researchers said they might likewise want to create materials that react to variables other than water, for example, high temperature and light.
it vibrates or lights up, alerting the player to the response in the game. Other players of the game are informed also about the latest messages,
which normally emits green light when illuminated with blue light. The emission of Dendra 2 is shifted however into the red
when it is irradiated by intensive violet or ultraviolet (UV) laser light. Two-laser combination Dempsey and Pantazis specifically discovered that
or manipulate light for telecommunications applications, or design novel catalysts for speeding up a variety of chemical reactions,"Gang said.
The emission of red, green and blue lights was confirmed also in a test involving the application of voltage rather than illumination,
#Unique Gold Nano Spirals Could Help Prevent Identity Theft By Will Soutterthe spirals react in a unique way to polarized infrared light,
Because these spirals are smaller than the wavelength of visible light, they exhibit unusual optical properties.
For example, when the spirals are lit up with infrared laser light, they produce visible blue light. In fact, several crystals are known to produce this effect,
which is known as harmonic generation or frequency doubling. The synthetic crystal beta barium borate was previously the strongest frequency doubler known;
however, the new nano-spirals are capable of emitting even higher intensity blue light. The nano-spirals also exhibit a distinctive reponse to polarized light-the amount of blue light produced changes considerably as the angle of polarization is turned through 360°.
°This effect is noticeable with linear polarized light, but even more pronouced with circular polarized light.
When the direction of polarization matches the direction of the spiral, the electrons in the material are pushed towards the middle of the spiral,
and a large amount of blue light is produced. In contrast, when the opposite direction of polarization is applied (e g. clockwise polarized light with anticlockwise spirals),
almost no blue light is emitted. This is because the electrons are pushed to the outside of the spiral,
which creates a destructive interference and weakens the optical effect. The gold nano-spirals in this study were created using scanning electron-beam lithography-platinum
Because of the strong frequency doubling response to circularly polarized light, it would be fairly easy to check for the presence of the spirals on a surface with a device similar to a barcode reader.
The researchers applied light to either ionize or charge neutral ytterbium atoms rising from a tiny heated oven.
in order to measure light scattering patterns of individual bacteria, which can then be used to identify bacteria species for rural areas
fingerprint-like light scattering pattern for any given bacterial cell. They then applied software they designed to the analysis,
This was the first time anyone had applied machine learning to Fourier Transform light scattering data, Park said. They are now looking to extend their initial work to see
The method described in the Scientific Reports article tructural color printing based on plasmonic metasurfaces of perfect light absorptioninvolves the use of thin sandwiches of nanometer scale metal-dielectric materials known as metamaterials that interact with light
Experimenting with the interplay of white light on sandwich-like structures, or plasmonic interfaces, the researchers developed
The researchers then beamed light through the holes to create the logo using no ink only the interaction of the materials and light.
This allowed researchers to create different colors in the reflected light and thereby accurately reproduce the S&t athletic logo with nanoscale color palettes.
Abig cantilever cannot be made to oscillate by freely propagating light, and the effects of chemical changes to its surface on the oscillation frequency would be less noticeable..
#Graphene Used for World's Thinnest Light bulb This clip shows the emission of light from graphene,
"This new type of'broadband'light emitter can be integrated into chips and will pave the way towards the realization of atomically thin, flexible,
it is necessary to produce light in small structures over the surface of a chip.
it has not yet been possible to put the incandescent light bulb-the simplest and oldest artificial light source-onto a chip.
"The visible light from atomically thin graphene is so intense that it is visible even to the naked eye,
The team identified that the peaks were due to interference between the light that was emitted directly from the graphene,
so that less energy is needed to attain temperatures needed for visible light emission. These unique thermal properties allow us to heat the suspended graphene up to half of temperature of the sun,
titled'Bright visible light emission from graphene',was published in the Advance Online Publication (AOP) on Nature Nanotechnology's website.
It has the ability to rotate the polarized light plane to the left or right, depending upon the nanocrystal chiral form.
Microscopic, hairlike structures, called cilia, on the squid's light organ select and capture the bacteria from a very complex microbial soup of the ocean."
the bioluminescent bacteria allow the squid to produce light, which then allows the squid to escape from things that might want to eat it,
#Researchers Advance Ability to Control and Harness Power of Light on the Nanoscale When a duck paddles across a pond or a supersonic plane flies through the sky, it leaves a wake in its path.
It is possible for something to move faster than the phase velocity of light in a medium
wakes produced as electrical charges travel through liquids faster than the phase velocity of light, emitting a glowing blue wake.
For the first time, Harvard researchers have created similar wakes of light-like waves moving on a metallic surface, called surface plasmons,
and harness the power of light on the nanoscale.""The creation and control of surface plasmon wakes could lead to new types of plasmonic couplers
The team discovered that the angle of incidence of the light shining onto the metamaterial provides an additional measure of control
and using polarized light can even reverse the direction of the wake relative to the running wavelike a wake traveling in the opposite direction of a boat."
and manipulate light at scales much smaller than the wavelength of the light is said very difficult
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