shortly called STAMP, relies on a property of light called dispersion that can be observed in the way a misty sky splits sunshine into a rainbow of colours.
STAMP splits an ultra-short pulse of light into a barrage of different coloured flashes that hit the imaged object in rapid-fire succession.
what the object looked like over the time it took the dispersed light pulse to travel through the STAMP.#
Under blue light the hematite conducts electricity and when bathed in hydrogen peroxide will catalyze a chemical reaction to split oxygen from hydrogen.
The MEMS device acts as an ultrafast mirror reflecting X-rays at precise times and specific angles. xtremely compact devices such as this promise a revolution in our ability to manipulate photons coming from synchrotron light sources,
Only the light that is diffracted from the mirror goes on to hit the sample, and by adjusting the speed at
you will see flashes of light every time the wheel is at the perfect spot for sunlight to hit it.
and its applications in wider fields at next-generation light sources, said Tetsuya Ishikawa, the director of the RIKEN SPRING-8 Center in Japan.
These include newly planned light source facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade. uch small sources
shedding new light on reproductive disorders Scientists at the National institutes of health have solved a longstanding mystery about the origin of one of the cell types that make up the ovary.
the researchers packed them with a gene that makes light-generating proteins once delivered into the target cells.
these particles heat the air around them, causing the characteristic streak of light seen from the ground.
If possible it also helps to be in a dark place away from artificial light, and to have unobstructed an view of the sky.
They mostly appear as fleeting streaks of light lasting less than a second but the brightest ones leave behind trails of vaporised gases
At Morgridge, Velten is developing new potential directions for scattered light imaging, including less invasive imaging of difficult to observe parts of the human body e
#Closing the loop with optogenetics Optogenetics provides a powerful tool for studying the brain by allowing researchers to activate neurons using simple light-based signals.
When the proteins are illuminated with specific wavelengths of light they change the behavior of the cells,
electrical stimulation or even light-plus-optogenetics through fiber optics, will all be closed loop. That means they will be responsive to the moment-to-moment needs of the nervous system.
The light signals now affect an entire culture or brain region. e want to precisely control where photons are being sent to activate different cells,
#New, Ultrathin Optical devices Shape Light in Exotic Ways Researchers have developed innovative flat, optical lenses as part of a collaboration between NASA Jet propulsion laboratory and the California Institute of technology, both in Pasadena, California.
These optical components are capable of manipulating light in ways that are difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional optical devices.
Manipulating the polarization of light is essential for the operation of advanced microscopes, cameras and displays;
or less than a hundredth of the thickness of a human hair. dditionally, the new, flat lenses can be used to modify the shape of light beams at will.
#Scientists queezelight one particle at a time A team of scientists has measured successfully particles of light being queezed in an experiment that had been written off in physics textbooks as impossible to observe.
It creates a very specific form of light which is ow-noiseand is potentially useful in technology designed to pick up faint signals,
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
The theory states that the light scattered by this atom should, similarly, be squeezed. Unfortunately, although the mathematical basis for this method known as squeezing of resonance fluorescence was drawn up in 1981,
they were able to observe the light as it was scattered, and proved that it had indeed been squeezed.
the more intense light gets, the higher the noise. Dim the light, and the noise goes down.
But strangely, at a very fine quantum level, the picture changes. Even in a situation where there is no light,
electromagnetic noise still exists. These are called vacuum fluctuations. While classical physics tells us that in the absence of a light source we will be in perfect darkness
quantum mechanics tells us that there is always some of this ambient fluctuation. f you look at a flat surface,
the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
SLAC Director Chi-Chang Kao said, ogether with complementary data from SLAC X-ray laser Linac Coherent light Source,
Because of this strong interaction with light, researchers also think they may be able to manipulate the material properties with light pulses. o engineer future devices,
these data show how the light pulses generate wrinkles that have large amplitudes more than 15 percent of the layer thickness
Transparent brain tissue must be viewable by both light and electron microscopy. And Scales managed this task with grace it provides an optimal combination of cleared tissue and fluorescent signals
The researchers fabricated the acoustic cell sorter in Penn State Nanofabrication Laboratory using standard lithography techniques. ust like using a lens to focus light,
#First Optical Rectenna Combined Rectifier and Antenna Converts Light to DC Current Using nanometer scale components,
the carbon nanotubes act as antennas to capture light from the sun or other sources. As the waves of light hit the nanotube antennas,
they create an oscillating charge that moves through rectifier devices attached to them. The rectifiers switch on
Virendra Singh and Thomas Bougher constructed devices that utilize the wave nature of light rather than its particle nature.
In operation, oscillating waves of light pass through the transparent calcium-aluminum electrode and interact with the nanotubes.
#A natural light switch MIT scientists, working with colleagues in Spain, have discovered and mapped a light-sensing protein that uses Vitamin b12 to perform key functions,
benefit from knowing whether they are in light or darkness. The photoreceptors bind to the DNA in the dark,
such as the engineering of light-directed control of DNA transcription, or the development of controlled interactions between proteins. would be interested very in thinking about
which detect strain by measuring shifts in the wavelength of light reflected by the optical fiber.
allowing light to escape. By measuring the loss of light, the researchers are able to calculate strain or other deformations.
Park said this type of flexible optical sensor could be incorporated into soft skins. Such a skin would
pole-like devices that could absorb light from all directions, which would be an improvement over today wide,
flat panels that can only absorb light from one surface. The study, led by Richard Kaner,
UV LIGHT enabled catheter fixes holes in the heart without invasive surgery Researchers from Boston Children Hospital, the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university,
Their newly designed catheter device utilizes UV LIGHT technology and can be used to place the patch in a beating heart.
The clinician then deploys the patch and turns on the catheter UV LIGHT. The light reflects off of the balloon shiny interior
and activates the patch adhesive coating. As the glue cures, pressure from the positioning balloons on either side of the patch help secure it in place.
and then activate it using UV LIGHT, all within a matter of five minutes and in an atraumatic way that doesn require a separate incision.
using heat, instead of light, to measure magnetic systems at short length and time scales. Researchers led by Greg Fuchs,
The technique relies on analysis of reflected light from short laser pulses to gain information about magnetization. Unfortunately
that will be eventually be able to treat countless patients. he findings are particularly significant in the light of improving life expectancies and the associated increase in cases of ARMD.
#Researchers learn how to steer the heart with light We depend on electrical waves to regulate the rhythm of our heartbeat.
and being able to get the light to desired locations. However as gene therapy moves into the clinic
#Researchers learn how to steer the heart with light We depend on electrical waves to regulate the rhythm of our heartbeat.
and being able to get the light to desired locations. However as gene therapy moves into the clinic
The beams of light emanating from the fluorescence molecules can be measured through the top of the mice skulls.
and destroy the cells with a far more precise technique that uses low-level red light illumination instead of a high power laser.
the technique requires doctors to mark unwanted cells with a chemical that makes them sensitive to low-level red light.
The red light then destroys the marked cells while leaving surrounding tissue unharmed. he great thing about this treatment is that it precise down to the level of individual cells,
Red light is delivered then to the area using a procedure similar to today cardiac ablation. The low-level light destroys only the cells that have absorbed the nanoparticles
leaving the other heart cells unharmed. Encouraged by the technique performance in animal studies, Kalifa and Kopelman believe the next step is to begin human trials using the technology.
Not only does this cast an important light on how cancer metastasizes and recruits cellular material from healthy cells,
Then they convert this light into an electrical charge proportional to its intensity and wavelength.
coming light is blocked not by any metal layers or other materials. This means that this flexible phototransistor features much more efficient light absorption.
Light is absorbed directly into an ultrathin silicon layer. Scientists placed electrodes under this ultrathin silicon nanomembrane layer.
This resulted in the metal layer and electrodes acting as reflectors, which improved light absorption. This means that an external amplifier is needed not.
Scientists say that there is an integrated capability to sense weak light, which is beneficial for a variety of applications.
Professor Zhenqiang ackma, one of the developers of this project explained: his demonstration shows great potential in high-performance and flexible photodetection systems.
Because light takes time to reach us, we can see very distant objects as they were in the past.
As light from remote galaxies makes its way to us, it becomes stretched to longer, infrared wavelengths by the expansion of space.
and stand by staring at one of five flickering light emitting diodes (LEDS). The results delivered by scientists at Korea University
designed to hold a camera, LED light, an integrated circuit for receiving control instructions and transmitting data, antenna, 1. 5v button battery and, at the rear, the drive unit, to
it has to absorb the light completely. It hard to find a material that doesn reflect
Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure, making the material darker than dark.
Rather than stop at red lights, self-driving cars would schedule a slot through an intersection in real-time,
It not only promises to remove time waiting at lights, but will cut fuel usage and emissions as well. lot of emissions and fuel usage are caused by acceleration,
it is still not possible to engineer a way of turning the lights green as you pull up. t easy to change the traffic lights, ssays IBM Standford-Clark. ut...
as well as helping them adjust their speeds to hit lights when theye green. he system might advise a driver that
He explained that one issue is that the transistor is controlled with UV LIGHT, and this is really not that practical for a highly integrated device.
as controlling light with light is somewhat difficult as photons do not interact with other photons like electrons do said,
in light of revelations by Edward Snowden that U s. agencies spied upon people in other nations,
and mobile phones, Gan has efficient light emission capability, something silicon cannot duplicate. But silicon remains the defacto material of choice semidconductors
An emerging class of robotic technology uses UV LIGHT to fuse the DNA of viruses and bacteria and prevent them from reproducing,
TRU-D's system analyzes the variables of the room and floods the space (both line-of-site and shadowed spaces) with the proper dose of UV LIGHT energy.
but the light is generally colder than the warm glow of traditional bulbs. Plus most of these lights are made with rare earth elements that are increasingly in demand for use in almost all other high-tech devices
thus adding to the cost of the technology. Jing Li's research team set out to solve the issues of material sources and pricing.
Rather than the light used in a traditional microscope this technique uses focused beams of electrons to illuminate a sample and form images with atomic resolution.
Better Precision with a Laserthe radial velocity method works by measuring how exoplanet gravity changes the light emitted from its star.
The star speeds up slightly as it approaches Earth with each light wave taking a fraction of a second less time to arrive than the wave before it.
but it only worked with infrared and blue light. Their new version of the astro-comb lets astronomers measure green light
--which is better for finding exoplanets. The stars we look at are brightest in the green visible range
They did it by making small fibers that convert one color of light to another.
Red light goes in and green light comes out Phillips said. Even though I see it every day and understand the physics it looks like magic.
The researchers plan to test the green astro-comb by pointing it at our sun analyzing its spectrum to see
The wavelengths that make Sagittarius A*visible are scattered by interstellar gas along the line of sight in the same way that light is scattered by fog On earth.
Brighter, new energy saving flat panel lights based on carbon nanotubes Even as the 2014 Nobel prize in Physics has enshrined light emitting diodes (LEDS) as the single most significant and disruptive energy-efficient lighting solution of today scientists
Scientists from Tohoku University in Japan have developed a new type of energy-efficient flat light source based on carbon nanotubes with very low power consumption of around 0. 1 Watt for every hour's operation
or cathode and scratched the surface with sandpaper to form a light panel capable of producing a large stable and homogenous emission current with low energy consumption.
Brightness efficiency tells people how much light is being produced by a lighting source when consuming a unit amount of electric power
Although the device has a diode-like structure its light-emitting system is not based on a diode system
Field emission electron sources catch scientists'attention due to its ability to provide intense electron beams that are about a thousand times denser than conventional thermionic cathode (like filaments in an incandescent light bulb.
Many researchers have attempted to construct light sources with carbon nanotubes as field emitter Shimoi said. But nobody has developed an equivalent and simpler lighting device.
It also sheds new light on how immune systems in organisms have evolved. The study Self-association of an Insect Beta-13-Glucan Recognition Protein Upon Binding Laminarin Stimulates Prophenoloxidase Activation as an Innate Immune response was published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
The Vale team used the Suntag to greatly amplify the light-emitting signal from the green fluorescent protein commonly used by researchers to label molecules within cells.
CRISPR with Suntag Already Is Shedding Light on Cancer and Normal Developmentcrispr--an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats--is a natural system that bacteria use to defend themselves against viruses. The basis for CRISPR applications in the lab is a protein from this system called Cas9
#Revving up fluorescence for superfast LEDS Duke university researchers have made fluorescent molecules emit photons of light 1000 times faster than normal--setting a speed record
This year's Nobel prize in physics was awarded for the discovery of how to make blue LEDS allowing everything from more efficient light bulbs to video screens.
and off has limited their use as a light source in light-based telecommunications. In an LED atoms can be forced to emit roughly 10 million photons in the blink of an eye.
To make future light-based communications using LEDS practical researchers must get photon-emitting materials up to speed.
and trapped light between them greatly increasing the light's intensity. When fluorescent molecules are placed near intensified light the molecules emit photons at a faster rate through an effect called Purcell enhancement.
#Getting sharp images from dull detectors Observing the quantum behavior of light is a big part of Alan Migdall's research at the Joint Quantum Institute.
it is normally necessary to use a beam of coherent light, light for which knowing the phase
however, Migdall and his JQI colleagues perform an experiment using incoherent light, where the light is a jumble of waves.
And they use what Migdall calls"stupid"detectors that, when counting the number of photons in a light pulse,
can really only count up to zero, as anything more than zero befuddles these detectors and is considered as number that is known only to be more than zero.
using incoherent light (with a wavelength of 800 nm) sent through a double-slit baffle,
which sub-wavelength interference (to be defined below) has been pushed using thermal light and small-photon-number light detection.
The physicists were surprised that they could so easily obtain such a sharp interference effect using standard light detectors.
a portion of the light will fan out as if the edge were a source of waves itself.
This diffraction will limit the sharpness of any imaging performed by the light. Indeed, this diffraction limitation is one of the traditional features of classical optical science dating back to the mid 19th century.
What this principle says is that in using light with a certain wavelength (denoted by the Greek letter lambda) an object can in general be imaged with a spatial resolution roughly no finer than lambda.
but unless you can switch to light of shorter lambda, you are stuck with the imaging resolution you've got.
And since all the range of available wavelengths for visible light covers only a range of about 2, gaining much resolution by switching wavelengths requires exotic sources and optics.
The advent of quantum optics and the use of"nonclassical light"dodged the diffraction limit.
by considering light as consisting of particles and using the correlations between those particles The JQI experiment starts out with a laser beam,
but it purposely degrades the coherence of the light by sending it through a moving disk of ground glass.
however, showed that"thermal"light (not unlike the light emitted haphazardly by an incandescent bulb) made this way,
Why should the JQI researchers use such thermal light if laser light is available? Because in many measurement environments (such as light coming from astronomical sources) coherent light is not available,
and one would nevertheless like to make sharp imaging or interference patterns. And why use"stupid"detectors?
The Experiment In the case of coherent light, a coordinated train of waves approach a baffle with two openings (figure, top.
which is moved back and forth to record the arrival of light at various points. The interference of coherent light yields a fixed pattern (right top in the figure.
By contrast, incoherent light waves, when they pass through the slits will also interfere (lower left),
Each of these two portions of light will strike movable detectors which scan across sideways.
That way the two detectors can simultaneously sample the light from virtual positions that can be as close as desired
However, here the time structure of the incoming light pulse becomes important in clarifying the measurement.
But then if we design the light so that its limited coherence time is larger than the recovery time of our stupid detectors,
or equivalently the intensity of the light at various places at the measuring screen, ensures that the set of correlations between the two detectors does result in an interference-like pattern in those correlations.
it could be accomplished by engineering the properties of the light source to accommodate the lack of ability of the detectors
Considering that the incoming light has a wavelength of 800 nm, the pattern is sharper by a factor of 20 or more from
The fact that the light used is thermal in nature, and not coherent, makes the achievement more striking.
Plasmonics involves the control of light at the nanoscale using surface plasmons, which are coordinated waves,
so that the instrument can distinguish between light emitted by te plasma and that emitted by the sparks.
Using Light to Watch HIV Dance In the Science study, Dr. Blanchard worked with Dr. Walther Mothes, a HIV specialist at the Yale university School of medicine,
which is sensitive enough to detect weak reflected light with the ranging accuracy made possible by frequency combs as previously demonstrated at NIST.
The frequency comb a tool for precisely measuring different frequencies of light is used to continuously calibrate the laser in the imaging system.
Distances to points on a rough surface that reflects light in many directions can be determined to within 10 micrometers in half a millisecond with an accuracy that is traceable to a frequency standard.
The initial laser output is combined with the reflected light and the resulting beat signals are converted to voltage
By shedding light on how the virus hijacks the transport system in nerve cells to reach its target organ with maximal speed and efficiency,
In detecting droplet size they found that a 30-cent component yielded results comparable to those from the traditional tool a $30000-plus optical microscope.
When light at a specific wavelength is absorbed by the gas of interest, localized heating of the molecules leads to a temperature
"If the incident light intensity is modulated, then the temperature and pressure will be said as well, "Ren.""This generates an acoustic wave with the same frequency as the light modulation,
the group used light to ionize, or charge, neutral ytterbium atoms emerging from a small heated oven,
piston-driven engine that generates electricity causing a light to flash, and a rotary engine that drives a miniature car.
Coupling that piston to a generator produced enough electricity to cause a small light to flash. e turned evaporation from a pool of water into light,
With its current power output, the floating evaporation engine could supply small floating lights or sensors at the ocean floor that monitor the environment,
using ultraviolet light. The end result is safe drinking water that also tastes good. Earlier this year, Wright team won a grant from the United states Agency for International Development (USAID),
and detecting the difference between how the molecules absorb the light. But the distinguishing effects are weak tiny fractions of a per cent so the technique struggles to approach the sensitivity of the human nose.
They absorb ultraviolet and optical light, re-emitting the energy as infrared light, and thus they both constrain
what astronomers can see and control much of the energy balance in the interstellar medium. Not least, in the early stages of a star evolution the dust can coagulate into large clumps the first step towards forming planets.
#MIT Chemists Develop a Quantum dot Spectrometer Researchers from MIT have designed a quantum dot spectrometer that is small enough to function within a smartphone, enabling portable light analysis. Instruments that measure the properties of light,
Shrinking spectrometers The earliest spectrometers consisted of prisms that separate light into its constituent wavelengths
which rely on the dotsability to convert light into electrons. However, this phenomenon is understood not well,
or to measure exposure to different frequencies of ultraviolet light, which vary greatly in their ability to damage skin. he central component of such spectrometers the quantum dot filter array is fabricated with solution-based processing and printing,
whereas LHCB conducted the search with the lights on, and from all angles. The next step in the analysis will be to study how the quarks are bound together within the pentaquarks. he quarks could be tightly bound
#Nanoparticles and UV LIGHT Clean up Environmental Pollutants A new study from MIT shows how nanoparticles can clean up environmental pollutants,
and UV LIGHT can rapchemicals for easy removal from soil and water. Many human-made pollutants in the environment resist degradation through natural processes,
and ultraviolet (UV LIGHT to quickly isolate and extract a variety of contaminants from soil and water.
Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV LIGHT. But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery,
since UV LIGHT can be damaging to tissue and cells, and doesn penetrate through the skin.
When they learned that UV LIGHT was used to disinfect water in certain treatment plants, they began to ask a different question. e thought
if they are already using UV LIGHT, maybe they could use our particles as well, Brandl says. hen we came up with the idea to use our particles to remove toxic chemicals, pollutants,
because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
But when exposed to UV LIGHT, the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed, and now nrichedby the pollutants they form larger aggregates that can then be removed through filtration, sedimentation,
service design is a chance to hold the whole service up to the light and re-imagine every single part of the journey
It s a matter of having the right temperature, right moisture levels and not too much light.
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