The current study also sheds new light on the transmission to children of LGDS that are carried by parents who harbor them but
Researchers bioengineer cells to make them sensitive to specific frequencies of light, then use light pulses to switch cells,
or the processes being carried on inside them, on and off. For this experiment the team members engineered a line of neurons to simulate a portion of the human nervous system.
They translated the electronic pressure signals from the artificial skin into light pulses which activated the neurons,
The beams of light emanating from the fluorescence molecules can be measured through the top of the mice's skulls.
The team used a red dye called ruthenium to tune the wavelength of light it captures
-and put on a very pretty blue light show to boot. While levitation may sound like it belongs in the realm of fantasy,
what surprised the team most of all was the blue light emission, seeing as they were only using a relatively low 50 volts.
but theye also an ongoing field of interest to scientific researchers, who are continually working on ways to manipulate how objects interact with light to see
and hide it from detection via visible light. The cloak which at present is only capable of making microscopic objects invisible,
and when done so, manages to mask their 3d shape by reflecting light waves. his is the first time a 3d object of arbitrary shape has been cloaked from visible light,
or curve the reflection of light via their physical structure rather than their chemical composition, essentially rendering objects optically undetectable.
When light falls on the activated cloak, its array of nanoantennae distort the usual reflection of light from the object underneath,
#New light-based memory chip is the first ever to permanently store data Scientists in the UK have developed the first ever memory chip that entirely light-based
"But we think using light can significantly speed this up.""Making light-based computers isn as simple as replacing electrons with light particles-or photons-in current computers.
running them on light instead of electricity, and this new light-based computer chip brings us one step closer to that goal.
Known as photonic memory, light-based memory is not a new concept, but it posed quite a challenge to engineers in the past.
Not only have previous attempts at light-based computer chips turned out to be quite volatile, theye all required power to store data,
Publishing in Nature Photonics this week, the team explained how they could send intense pulses of light through the waveguide to change the state of the GST,
a much lower intensity pulse of light is sent through the waveguide, and the amount of light that transmitted from one end to the other will depend on
so their light-based memory chips can directly interact with the other components using light, rather than electrical signals."
Huo and her team at UCF's Nanoscience Technology Center developed a technique known as nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay (Nanodlsay) to measure the size of the particles by analyzing the light they throw off.
and"in the default mode, the light is red.""But when a growth factor switches on a receptor, special enzymes change the light embedded in the membrane from red to green.
Then, after the signal is transmitted further into the cell's interior, it is time to switch the signal back to red.
#Versatile switch for light-controlled cells: The structure of the light-driven ion pump KR2 may provide a blueprint for new optogenetic tools In 2013,
scientists made an unexpected discovery while investigating the marine bacterium Krokinobacter eikastus. In its cellular membrane, the bacterium had a previously unknown type of ion transporter.
When exposed to light, these proteins allow charged particles to flow into the cell or transport them outside the cell.
but also one of the mutations seemed to turn KR2 into a light-driven potassium pump--the first of its kind.
With a light-activated, active potassium pump this process could be controlled precisely.""This would make KR2 a very effective off-switch for neurons.
"In combination with the light-activated Channelrhodopsin 2, which is used in labs worldwide as a molecular off-switch,
The scientists studied light scattering from a glass cylinder filled with water. In essence such an experiment represents a two-dimensional analog of a classical problem of scattering from a homogeneous sphere (Mie scattering), the solution to
which is related to the localization of light inside the cylinder, and nonresonant, which is characterized by smooth dependence on the wave frequency.
Metamaterials are capable of changing the direction of light in exotic ways, including making light curve around the cloaked object.
"The device the team has developed--called the D3 (digital diffraction diagnosis) system--features an imaging module with a battery-powered LED light clipped onto a standard smartphone that records high-resolution imaging data with its camera.
#Graphene pushes the speed limit of light-to-electricity conversion ICFO researchers Klaas-Jan Tielrooij, Lukasz Piatkowski,
The new device that the researchers developed is capable of converting light into electricity in less than 50 femtoseconds (a twentieth of a millionth of a millionth of a second.
Thus, the energy absorbed from light is efficiently and rapidly converted into electron heat. Next, the electron heat is converted into a voltage at the interface of two graphene regions with different doping.
thus enabling the ultrafast conversion of absorbed light into electrical signals. As Prof. van Hulst states"
When a beam of light then hits the molecule, it switches from its open to its closed state, resulting in a flowing current."
which we have used the light beam, "says Dr. Erbe, pleased with the results.""We have characterized also the molecular switching mechanism in extremely high detail,
and other collaborators to perform experiments with a state-of-the-art transmission X-ray microscope at the National Synchrotron Light source at Brookhaven.
National Synchrotron Light source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and supported by the U s. Department of energy Basic energy Sciences and a seed grant from the Wisconsin Energy Institute.
Experts say that recent advances in LED TECHNOLOGY have made it possible to modulate the LED light more rapidly,
opening the possibility of using light for wireless transmission in a"free space optical communication system.""In addition to improving the experience for users,
and creates an invisible cone of light about one meter square in which the data can be received.
Buccheri explains that he has always been interested in the polarization of light and how it can be exploited for different uses.
He was interested in certain polarization states that exist for a beam of light: azimuthal or radial polarization.
We believe this work represents a conceptual and practical engineering advance for on-demand, reversible control of light from nanoscopic sources."
where the light is concentrated around each nanoparticle and then amplified. In contrast to conventional laser cavities, no mirrors are required for the light to bounce back and forth.
Notably, as the laser color is tuned, the nanoparticle cavity stays fixed and does not change;
"This is very different to an optical microscope, where light limits the size you can measure. This so-called'diffraction limit'plays no part in this new technology."
"A common way to decipher molecular structures is to use x-ray crystallography. This complicated method involves purifying and crystallising the molecules,
In our everyday lives, the effects of the radiation pressure of light can be neglected. Your furniture is moved not over even though the light,
or more generally the electromagnetic radiation, emitted by your lamps bounces off from its surfaces thus creating a radiation pressure force.
"Like a light switch, one-shot learning is either on, or it's off, "says Shimojo. In the behavioral study, 47 participants completed a simple causal-inference task;
In light of our results, these rules need to be reviewed to take into account the possibility of airborne transmission of noroviruses.
#Compact light source improves CT SCANS With its ability to image cross sections of the human body, X-ray computer tomography (CT) has become an important diagnostic tool in medicine.
"Our work demonstrates that we can achieve better results with the Compact Light source, "says Professor for Biomedical Physics Franz Pfeiffer of the Technical University of Munich in Germany, who led the new study published April 20 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."
A new study demonstrates for the first time that an antimicrobial dye activated by light avidly adheres to bone to prevent bacteria from growing on bone fragments used in reconstructive surgery
and appear to have excellent antimicrobial properties in the presence of light, "says Noreen Hickok, Ph d.,Associate professor of Orthopedic Surgery at Thomas Jefferson University."
which occur in bright light.""Surgeons often use bone chips or bone powder as a sort of putty during bone reconstruction to help areas of bone re-grow.
But when the lights go on, TAPP becomes active, producing chemicals called reactive oxygen species, or ROS, that rapidly kill the bacteria.
As long as the lights were on, bacteria was unable to attach and grow on the surface of the bone.
and the other would be the continuation of the activation in the bright lights of the surgical suite
Similar to X-ray light, highly energetic electrons can take snapshots of the interior of materials as they pass through them.
The superior performance of the new UED system is due to a very stable"electron gun"originally developed for SLAC's X-ray laser Linac Coherent light Source (LCLS), a DOE Office of Science User Facility.
The scientists'ultimate goal is to turn UED into an ultrafast electron microscope--an instrument that would show details too small to be seen with an optical microscope.
developing a new method to extract more efficient and polarized light from quantum dots (QDS) over a large-scale area.
These photonic crystals limit the direction that the QD-generated light is emitted meaning they produce polarized light,
"If you start with polarized light, then you double your optical efficiency, "See explained.""If you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
the inability to work in bright light, especially sunlight. The key is to gather only the bits of light the camera actually needs.
so that the camera and its light source work together efficiently, eliminating extraneous light, or"noise,"that would
otherwise wash out the signals needed to detect a scene's contours.""We have a way of choosing the light rays we want to capture
This not only makes it possible for the camera to work under extremely bright light or amidst highly reflected
when the camera captures ambient light from a scene. But as a projector scans a laser across the scene,
The trick is to be able to record only the light from that spot as it is illuminated,
despite the light scattering that usually makes it impenetrable to cameras. Manufacturers also could use the system to look for anomalies in shiny or mirrored components.
#Droplets levitate on a cushion of blue light Arraythe floating effect is similar to Leidenfrost levitation--in
the researchers found they could ionize the gas into a plasma that glowed a soft blue light."
The blue light emission was unexpected and probably the most exciting feature of the experiment, the team said.
Scientists unveil new technique for spotting quantum dots to make high performance nanophotonic devices A quantum dot should produce one and only one photon--the smallest constituent of light--each time it is energized,
and then uses that knowledge to build optimized light-control devices in the right place."
"Dr Luca Sapienza, from the University's Quantum Light and Matter group, says:""This new technique is sort of a twist on a red-eye reducing camera flash,
They also demonstrated that more than 99 per cent of the light produced from their source came out as single photons.
Nevertheless, the end of carbide lamps era came with the advent of safer electric light sources.
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionized people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
and control quantum states of light and matter. A major barrier in testing new theories for quantum science and quantum computing is the time
and observed the generated light using an inverted microscope (see image).""The STM tip acts as a point source of surface plasmons,"Yang explains."
while still allowing light and electrons to pass through. The new complete solar fuel generation system developed by Lewis
#Scientists'squeeze'light one particle at a time A team of scientists has measured successfully particles of light being squeezed,
It creates a very specific form of light which is"low-noise "and is potentially useful in technology designed to pick up faint signals,
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
The theory states that the light scattered by this atom should, similarly, be squeezed. Unfortunately, although the mathematical basis for this method--known as squeezing of resonance fluorescence--was drawn up in 1981,
they were able to observe the light as it was scattered, and proved that it had indeed been squeezed.
"Typically, the more intense light gets, the higher the noise. Dim the light, and the noise goes down.
But strangely, at a very fine quantum level, the picture changes. Even in a situation where there is no light,
electromagnetic noise still exists. These are called vacuum fluctuations. While classical physics tells us that in the absence of a light source we will be in perfect darkness,
quantum mechanics tells us that there is always some of this ambient fluctuation.""If you look at a flat surface,
Even lasers, the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
shift work, jet lag and even the blue-tinged light emitted by cell phones and tablets. Typically, sleep researchers have a hard time studying sleep deprivation and the circadian cycle separately,
This forced their biological clocks out of sync with the light-dark cycle. After four weeks
portable device that we believe is more sensitive than the standard microscope that uses white light
physicists have developed a new type of light source that emits single photons. For the first time, the researchers have managed to create a stream of identical photons.
Alongside the brightness and robustness of the light source the indistinguishability of the photons is especially crucial.
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past.
"We're good at generating electrons from light efficiently, but chemical synthesis always limited our systems in the past.
and convert the light into electric current using excited states in the material called"excitons.""Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
The instrument combines a specialized form of linearly polarized light and photoluminescence to optically probe the molecular structure of the phthalocyanine crystals."
#New light shed on infertility puzzle, could improve in vitro fertilization We don't know if a sperm actually experiences joy
and Sumo2 in stem cell proviral silencing can shed new light on stem cells and virus biology that could translate into valuable therapeutic and diagnostic applications Dr Jonathan Loh,
an element used in incandescent light bulbs. As the sample was tilted 62 times, the researchers were able to slowly assemble a 3-D model of 3,
in collaboration with the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics (MPQ) and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) in Munich, have developed a worldwide unique broadband and coherent infrared light source.
The record peak brilliance of the light source makes it an ultrasensitive detector for the infrared molecular finger print region,
since the wavelength of the light can resonantly excite molecular vibrations. Consequently, shining light through a sample leaves the resonant fingerprints in the spectrum allowing identification.
The absence of light sources that cover enough of the infrared spectrum with sufficient brilliance to detect minute concentrations originating from onco-metaboloids has been the main challenge in cancer detection.
Now, ICFO researchers have collaborated with colleagues from MPQ/LMU to develop a light source which addresses this need.
Their light source exerts extreme control over mid-wave infrared laser light with unrivalled peak brilliance and single-shot spectral coverage between 6. 8 and 16.4 micron wavelength.
The emitted radiation is fully coherent and emitted 100 million times per second. Each laser pulse has a duration of 66 fs
These characteristics, in combination with its coherence, make the light source a compact and ultrasensitive molecular detector.
Heat from the top of your head radiates into space as infrared light. Now three Stanford engineers have developed a technology that improves on solar panel performance by exploiting this basic phenomenon.
the less efficient they become at converting the photons in light into useful electricity. The Stanford solution is based on a thin,
in the form of infrared light, into space. Their experiments showed that the overlay allowed visible light to pass through to the solar cells,
but that it also cooled the underlying absorber by as much as 55 degrees Fahrenheit. For a typical crystalline silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 20 percent, 55 F of cooling would improve absolute cell efficiency by over 1 percent,
"That's because the perception of color requires objects to reflect visible light, so any overlay would need to be tuned transparent,
"Our photonic crystal thermal overlay optimizes use of the thermal portions of the electromagnetic spectrum without affecting visible light,
The change from crystalline to amorphous (storing data) and from amorphous to crystalline (erasing data) is initiated by ultrashort light pulses.
For reading out the data, weak light pulses are used. Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers
or remote reconstruction, of information encoded in quantum states of matter or light. Teleportation is useful in both quantum communications and quantum computing,
"Previously, researchers thought quantum repeaters might need to rely on atoms or other matter, instead of light,
and cause the inquirer to see a flash of light known as a"phosphene.""The phosphene--which might look like a blob,
"While the flashing lights are signals that we're putting into the brain, those parts of the brain are doing a million other things at any given time too,
"The findings are particularly significant in the light of improving life expectancies and the associated increase in cases of ARMD.
even if there is significant less light in each pulse.""With these very short pulses we are hoping to gain new insights into extremely rapid chemical processes,
researchers need to make it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale. Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have done just that,
meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast. This new metamaterial was developed in the lab of Eric Mazur, the Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and Area Dean for Applied Physics AT SEAS,
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits you to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
But light has speed another, measured by how fast the crests of a wavelength move, known as phase velocity.
This uniform phase allows the light to be stretched or squished, twisted or turned, without losing energy.
as incoming waves of light are effectively spread out and infinitely long, enabling even distant particles to be entangled.""
#Researchers learn how to steer the heart with light We depend on electrical waves to regulate the rhythm of our heartbeat.
and being able to get the light to desired locations. However, as gene therapy moves into the clinic
which also includes an LED light source, power supply, control unit, optical system, and image sensor, cost less than $3, 000 to construct.
Most optical fingerprint sensors today produce images by reflecting light from areas where the skin does not come in contact with a glass plate, a technique that captures details from only the very top layer of skin.
and works by analyzing an interference pattern created when a beam of light that travels through a biological sample,
like a finger, is recombined with a reference beam of light. Standard OCT systems gather 3d data and often require sophisticated lasers systems and light detectors,
which can get expensive. Auksorius and Boccara simplified their system by using a modified version of OCT called full-field OCT
then convert that light into an electrical charge proportional to its intensity and wavelength. In the case of our eyes, the electrical impulses transmit the image to the brain.
"In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
"Ma says. Ultimately, the new phototransistors open the door of possibility, he says.""This demonstration shows great potential in high-performance and flexible photodetection systems,"says Ma,
and it had to emit fluorescent light so a cell phone camera could records it, "explains Rite Palomares.
#Tissue cartography Today's state-of-the-art optical microscopes produce voluminous three-dimensional data sets that are difficult to analyze.
The nerve cells in these samples were decorated with engineered channelrhodopsins that open in response to light,
#Saltwater lamp could replace dangerous kerosene lights The majority of inhabitants on the Philippines7000 islands do not have access to electricity.
Instead, they rely primarily on kerosene powered lamps to provide light sources at night, which are not only hazards and pollutants,
safe light source powered by salt and water, which can last for up to six months when used for eight hours a day.
but these and other nonmetallic waveguides are constrained by pesky physical laws that require critical dimensions to be at least half the wavelength of the light in size;
strong fields with dimensions far smaller than the wavelength of the original light can be createdlasmons.
Unlike light, these plasmons are free to travel down nanoscale wires or gaps in metals.
The Mito Test uses near infrared spectroscopy, a special type of light beamed through the skin to measure the oxygen levels in muscle mitochondria.
#Star Pair#s Dusty Disk Shines Light on Planet formation Astronomers using the Gemini South telescope in Chile have discovered striking new evidence for planet formation in a dusty disk surrounding
The team took advantage of an offering for Early Science using the Gemini Planet Imager to study infrared light scattered off dust grains in the disk around the binary system V4046 Sgr.
which light reflected off of virtual objects. This is, essentially how Pixar makes movies. Some researchers,
in principle, be produced by light of any color, coming from any direction, reflecting off of a surface of the right color with the right orientation.
and Japan exposed living fruit flies the commonly studied Drosophila to different light regimes and then compared the active zones in the photoreceptors.
the fluorescent probes emit different wavelengths of light, which are detected by the cytometer and converted into readable data.
When light is shined upon structures with extremely small gaps, the electromagnetic field that is confined within the gap becomes enormously enhanced.
you would observe a change in the light scattering from the nanogap that would correspond to
but it allows infrared light to go through it. That means the military, for imaging systems, an use spinel as the window because it allows the infrared light to come through.
NRL is also looking at spinel for the windows on lasers operating in maritime and other hostile environments. e got to worry about wave slap and saltwater and things like that,
because if there any junk in there, the light will either be absorbed or it can be scattered.
The laser generates UV LIGHT which is beamed towards Earth. This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
The fraction of light that is scattered back towards the satellite is collected by Aladin telescope and measured.
The movement of the air molecules, particles or droplets cause this backscattered light to change frequencies slightly.
Prof Sader said. his is very different to an optical microscope, where light limits the size you can measure.
This so-called iffraction limitplays no part in this new technology. A common way to decipher molecular structures is to use x-ray crystallography.
#Random Light scattering Enhances The Resolution Of Wide-Field Optical microscope Images Researchers at the UT-research institute MESA+have developed a method to improve the resolution of a conventional wide-field optical microscope.
Scattered light usually reduces the resolution of conventional optical microscopes. The UT-researchers however found a simple and efficient way to actively use scattered light to improve the resolution of images.
It is like the fog has cleared, according to the first author Hasan Yilmaz. The smallest detail a traditional optical microscope can reveal is about half the wavelength of green light
or 0. 25 micrometer (a micrometer is a thousandth of a millimeter. Many interesting and important structures in biological cells and computer chips have features smaller than that.
NEW METHOD Randomly scattered laser light appears as a finely grained speckle pattern as a result of interference of many scattered light paths.
Using optimized scattering materials they produce the finest-grained speckles yet made with visible light. With this speckle illumination they obtain fluorescence images that have a very high resolution (0. 12 micrometer) and a wide field of view.
The high resolution picture is taken using scattered light! The speckle illumination method is surface-specific and robust to environmental noise.
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