#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
and control quantum states of light and matter. A major barrier in testing new theories for quantum science and quantum computing is the time
The new perovskite film, with the formula Srxla1-xcro3,(x up to 0. 25), conducts electricity more effectively than the unmodified oxide and yet retains much of the transparency to visible light exhibited by the pure material.
light detectors, and several kinds of electronic devices that are by nature transparent to visible light. Of particular importance are new materials that conduct electricity by using missing electrons, otherwise known as"holes."
#New, ultrathin optical devices shape light in exotic ways Caltech engineers have created flat devices capable of manipulating light in ways that are very difficult
or monochromatic light oscillates at all points in space with the same frequency but varying relative delays, or phases.
Manipulating the polarization of light is essential for the operation of advanced microscopes, cameras, and displays;
and phase of light,"says study first author Amir Arbabi, a senior researcher at Caltech."
"We can take any incoming light and shape its phase and polarization profiles arbitrarily and with very high efficiency."
a metasurface device could manipulate light in novel ways that are very hard and sometimes impossible to do using current setups.
when illuminated by a horizontally polarized beam of light, and a different image when illuminated by a vertically polarized beam."
"The two images will appear overlapped under illumination with light polarized at 45 degrees, "Faraon says.
an LSC absorbs the light on a plate embedded with highly efficient light-emitters called lumophores that then re-emit the absorbed light at longer wavelengths, a process known as the Stokes shift.
This re-emitted light is directed to a micro-solar cell for conversion to electricity. Because the plate is much larger than the micro-solar cell,
With a sufficient concentration factor, only small amounts of expensive III-V photovoltaic materials are needed to collect light from an inexpensive luminescent waveguide.
imperfect light trapping within the waveguide, and reabsorption and scattering of propagating photons. We replaced the molecular dyes in previous LSC systems with core/shell nanoparticles composed of cadmium selenide (Cdse) cores
and conceal it from detection with visible light. Although this cloak is only microscopic in size,
The surface of the skin cloak was engineered meta to reroute reflected light waves so that the object was rendered invisible to optical detection
"This is the first time a 3d object of arbitrary shape has been cloaked from visible light, "said Xiang Zhang,
is the corresponding author of a paper describing this research in Science("An ultrathin invisibility skin cloak for visible light").
"It is the scattering of light-be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,-from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
For the past ten years, Zhang and his research group have been pushing the boundaries of how light interacts with metamaterials,
"Creating a carpet cloak that works in air was so difficult we had embed to it in a dielectric prism that introduced an additional phase in the reflected light,
when red light struck an arbitrarily shaped 3d sample object measuring approximately 1, 300 square microns in area that was wrapped conformally in the gold nanoantenna skin cloak,
the light reflected off the surface of the skin cloak was identical to light reflected off a flat mirror,
and the phase of the scattered light so that the object remains perfectly hidden, "says co-lead author Zi Jing Wong, also a member of Zhang's research group.
The ability to manipulate the interactions between light and metamaterials offers tantalizing future prospects for technologies such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers.
Invisibility skin cloaks on the microscopic scale might prove valuable for hiding the detailed layout of microelectronic components or for security encryption purposes.
Though the spiral had been observed in waves of light, the team study is the first to produce the pattern with electrons.
Like all light, laser pulses feature electric fields that normally point in many directions. Polarizing a laser pulse aligns these fields along one direction,
and then essentially rotates the fields around an axis. The team first pulse of circularly polarized light rotated in one direction,
#A thermal invisibility cloak actively redirects heat Light, sound, and now, heat--just as optical invisibility cloaks can bend
and diffract light to shield an object from sight, and specially fabricated acoustic metamaterials can hide an object from sound waves,
an element used in incandescent light bulbs. As the sample was tilted 62 times the researchers were able to slowly assemble a 3-D model of 3, 769 atoms in the tip of the tungsten sample.
The change from crystalline to amorphous (storing data) and from amorphous to crystalline (erasing data) is initiated by ultrashort light pulses.
For reading out the data, weak light pulses are used. Permanent all-optical on-chip memories might considerably increase future performance of computers
#Pushing the limits of lensless imaging Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers from the Friedrich Schiller University Jena,
The ultrafast laser also overcame another drawback of conventional table-top light sources: long exposure times.
Thanks to the new high-speed light source, Zürch and his colleagues have reduced the exposure time to only about a second--fast enough for real-time imaging.
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light-for the computers of tomorrow The key breakthrough will allow large quantities of data to be stored directly on an integrated optical chip,
data transfer by means of light have long since become part of our everyday life, data on a computer are processed still
The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
narrow operational bandwidth and time consuming manufacturing processes. ur lens concept has a 3d subwavelength capability that is 30 times more efficient, able to tightly focus broadband light
nanometer particles with the ability to absorb light and re-emit it with well-defined colors.
"For example, the elapsed time between light absorption and emission can be extended to be more than 100 times longer compared to conventional quantum dots,
"this tool should provide fast and reliable characterization of the different mechanisms cellular proteins use to bind to DNA strands information that could shed new light on the atomic-scale interactions within our cells
They also looked at an indirect and much less studied effect of UV LIGHT. When the active ingredients of sunscreen absorb UV LIGHT a chemical change triggers the generation of oxygen-carrying molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS.
If a sunscreen agents penetrate the skin, this chemical change could cause cellular damage, and potentially facilitate skin cancer. ommercial chemical sunblock is protective against the direct hazards of ultraviolet damage of DNA,
"In this light, Lu's invention represents a major advancement for the mobile health industry.""After producing the cut-and-pasted patches,
#Brightness-equalized quantum dots improve biological imaging Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have introduced a new class of light-emitting quantum dots (QDS) with tunable and equalized fluorescence brightness
"In this work, we have made two major advances--the ability to precisely control the brightness of light-emitting particles called quantum dots,
because the amount of light emitted from a single dye is unstable and often unpredictable.
These attributes obscure correlations between measured light intensity and concentrations of molecules,"stated Sung Jun Lim, a postdoctoral fellow and first author of the paper"
and improve color tuning in light-emitting devices. In addition, BE-QDS maintain their equal brightness over time
They demonstrated a first direct observation of the so-called vacuum fluctuations by using short light pulses while employing highly precise optical measurement techniques.
The duration of their light pulses was ensured to be shorter than half a cycle of light in the spectral range investigated.
when the intensity of light and radio waves completely disappears. These findings are of fundamental importance for the development of quantum physics
representing the quantum ground state of light and radio waves. However, until now direct experimental proof of this basic phenomenon has been considered impossible.
From spontaneous emission of light by excited atoms e g. in a fluorescent tube to influences on the structure of the universe during the Big Bang:
It's difficult to localize visible light below its diffraction limit, about 200-300 nanometers, and as components in electronic semiconductors have shrunk to the nanometer scale,
--and successfully demonstrated that light can drive a current using a silver nanowire.""Our devices are a step towards miniaturization below the diffraction limit,
"It is a step towards using light to drive, or, at least complement electronic circuitry for faster information transfer."
The device expands on previous work demonstrating that light could be transmitted along a silver nanowire as a plasmon
the light corresponded to the band gap of Mos2, rather than solely to the laser's wavelength, demonstrating that the plasmons effectively nudged the electrons in Mos2 into a different energy state."
finding that it was sensitive to the polarization of the incoming light and was at its strongest
when the light was polarized parallel to the wire. They also found that the device was sensitive to the laser's excitation wavelength,
using heat, instead of light, to measure magnetic systems at short length and time scales. Researchers led by Greg Fuchs,
The technique relies on analysis of reflected light from short laser pulses to gain information about magnetization. Unfortunately
The light-generating DNA antibody detecting nanomachine is illustrated here in action, bound to an antibody.
which generates a light signal. The sensor does need not to be activated chemically and is rapid-acting within five minutes-enabling the targeted antibodies to be detected easily, even in complex clinical samples such as blood serum."
Microscopy and scattering data gathered at the Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light source also a DOE Office of Science user facility located at Berkeley Lab,
and regulate the exchange of light, heat, and moisture. They thus play a special role in nature and technology.
scattered light and thermal noise. The tiny plastic sphere, the probe, appears to move in a chaotic manner inside the light trap due to the so-called thermal noise.
"Once there, the probe records the scattered light from the surface and subtracts it. But before the probe can escape,
"Just as conventional lenses can be used to focus a light beam, our configuration can be used to focus an electron beam.
a technique using electrons (instead of light or the eyes) to see the characteristics of a sample,
then convert that light into an electrical charge proportional to its intensity and wavelength. In the case of our eyes, the electrical impulses transmit the image to the brain.
"In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
"Ma says. Ultimately, the new phototransistors open the door of possibility, he says.""This demonstration shows great potential in high-performance and flexible photodetection systems,"says Ma,
when exposed to ultraviolet light. The way tiny vessels are reconnected now includes stitches applied in microsurgery.
dissolving quickly under ultraviolet light to allow restored circulation. Smith placed the amino acid into the sequence in a way that allows precise control
when a plant uses light to break down water and carbohydrates, which are the main energy sources for the plant.
Light with photo energy can penetrate indirect band gap materials much more easily without getting absorbed
chief scientist and project leader at Honda Research Institute USA Inc."Our approach combines novel nanomaterials with continuous ultraviolet light radiation in the sensor design that have been developed in our laboratory by lead researcher Dr
the zone plates focus by diffraction--bending light as it passes the edge of a barrier.
"Essentially, it has to absorb the light completely. It's hard to find a material that doesn't reflect
Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure, making the material darker than dark.
Each individual lens resembles a bull-eye of alternating light and dark. Arrays of lenses formed within a flexible polymer bend
the zone plates focus by diffraction--bending light as it passes the edge of a barrier.
"Essentially, it has to absorb the light completely. It's hard to find a material that doesn't reflect
Incoming light bouncing between individual silicon nanowires cannot escape the complex structure, making the material darker than dark.
which we might have to reexamine in light of new evidence. His team is now aiming to use cryofixation on other parts of the brain and even other types of tissue
But the fibrils that are believed to be most harmful are too tiny to be seen using an optical microscope.
so that light can now go through. This disturbance on the membrane the imprint of the protein fibers is transmitted down through the liquid crystal film,
so that it is large enough to be seen in polarized light with a simple optical microscope. Microscopic bright spots Seen through the microscope,
bright where the liquid crystal has been disturbed to let light pass. he liquid crystal is actually reporting what happening to the aggregates at the interface,
which detect strain by measuring shifts in the wavelength of light reflected by the optical fiber.
allowing light to escape. By measuring the loss of light, the researchers are able to calculate strain or other deformations.
Park said this type of flexible optical sensor could be incorporated into soft skins. Such a skin would
#A Natural light Switch: Identifying and Mapping Protein Behind Light Sensing Mechanism MIT scientists, working with colleagues in Spain, have discovered
benefit from knowing whether they are in light or darkness. The photoreceptors bind to the DNA in the dark,
such as the engineering of light-directed control of DNA transcription, or the development of controlled interactions between proteins. would be interested very in thinking about
involves measuring the way light is scattered off large molecules and structures inside cells. Cancer cells can be detected
which harness the unusual properties of light-bending metamaterials, have shown theoretical promise for years. But outside of dramatic illusions made with lenses,
To redirect the short wavelengths of visible light requires tiny structures so instead early designs deflected longer wavelengths like microwaves.
Cloaks have struggled also to handle many wavelengths of light at once. Now, a team at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, has taken a significant step forward by making a cloak for infrared radiation,
#Migraines triggered by protein deep in the brain It can start with flashing lights, a tingling sensation and a feeling of unease, followed by excruciating pain.
#Echoless light could help send signals through walls and skin IT a call with no response.
and shone light through it. As expected, the light emerging at the other end had become distorted.
They measured the exact degree of distortion and how the profile of the pulse changed on its journey through the fibre.
Finally, they created a light pulse with the exact cross-section needed to counteract the distortion and emerge from the fibre intact and found that it did just that. ven
holograms and beyond Novel tech that manipulates light has applications beyond holograms, from studying alien worlds to making cellphones more energy efficient In 2010,
The technology is a new way to manipulate light, with applications from studying alien worlds to making cellphones more energy efficient."
The film is made of a photoreactive polymer that responds to both the intensity and the polarization of the light.
you have to understand that it doesn't have an inkjet--it prints light, and it prints in four dimensions.
And it can also vary the intensity of the light. But, crucially, it is also capable of controlling the orientation angle of the linear polarization of the light.
Think of a beam of light as a wiggling wave, which vibrates in a perpendicular direction relative to the direction it is traveling.
Control of the orientation angle of the linear polarization of light means control of the direction that the wave is wiggling.
And this polarization angle can be manipulated without changing the angle the light is traveling. In other words, a laser can be pointed directly at an object and
This prevents light from"leaking"out of the pattern and corrupting the signal coming out of the hologram.
in theory, can use light to help them unravel the mysteries of the universe. But these theoretical designs were hampered often by the limits of technology."
and instrument designs that could make better use of the light collected by telescopes, "Escuti says."
"They wanted to redistribute the blazing light of the halo around a star, so that the faint light coming from a planet orbiting that star can be observed with better contrast
--and then analyze the planet's light to learn about its composition and other characteristics,
"With these components and techniques, we have for the first time in perhaps many decades fundamentally expanded the astronomer's toolkit for manipulating light from astronomical sources,
and designed in partnership with Snik for the International Year of Light. Escuti is continuing to work on new applications with direct support from the National Science Foundation and the Jet propulsion laboratory
Using light-generated radiation combined with phase-contrast X-ray tomography, the scientists visualized ultrafine details of a fly measuring just a few millimeters.
Each light pulse generates an X-ray pulse. The X-rays generated have special properties: a wavelength of approximately 0. 1nm,
strengthening, and modulating light beams. The MESA+chip can create a very wide light spectrum spanning blue to infrared (470 to 2130nm.
With a broader spectrum, meaning a larger variety of colors in the light, and a large number of light channels set next to each other,
The MESA+researchers have for a long time been looking for methods to generate the broadest possible light spectrum on a chip.
what they are calling he broadest light spectrum ever The chip achieves a bandwidth of 495thz,
and Sio2, appears to be highly attractive for applications such as for self-referencing optical frequency combs on a chip or widely tunable light sources for label-free microscopy and imaging in life sciences. m
While optical fibers have long been used for the transmission of data with light, inside a computer
and from amorphous to crystalline (data-erasing) is initiated by ultrashort light pulses. For reading back the data, weak light pulses are used.
The scientists conclude that permanent all-optical on-chip memories could onsiderably increase future performance of computers while reducing their energy consumption.
and Applied sciences (SEAS) say they have made it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale. They have developed the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero,
meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast. The new metamaterial was developed in the lab of Eric Mazur, the Balkanski Professor of Physics and Applied Physics and Area Dean for Applied Physics AT SEAS,
or manipulated but this metamaterial permits us to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
"This uniform phase allows the light to be stretched or squashed, twisted or turned, without losing energy.
as incoming waves of light are effectively spread out and infinitely long, enabling even distant particles to be entangled
And because the extremely thin buffer layer allows light to be emitted in the plane of the wafer
"Luminescent materials are shown under UV LIGHT, emitting different colors that can be altered by environmental conditions. Courtesy of Tara Fadenrecht/MIT.
and lights up whenever any of the cells are activated. Observing a mouse spinal cord through a microscope
The system has been verified in the laboratory using a white light interferometer and a laser-scanning confocal microscope to characterize the surface of the coded product
which detect strain by measuring shifts in the wavelength of light propagating through optical fiber. Conventional pressure or force sensors are problematic
allowing light to escape. By measuring the loss of light, the researchers are able to calculate strain or other deformations.
Industrial robots, working in a controlled environment where people aren't present, are capable of extremely precise manipulation with only limited sensors.
#UV Catheter Plugs Holes in Hearts With help from UV LIGHT, a new catheter device could provide a way to repair defects in hearts and other organs without surgery.
The clinician then deploys the patch and turns on the catheter's UV LIGHT. The light reflects off of the balloon's shiny interior
and activates the patch's adhesive coating. As the glue cures, pressure from the balloons secures the patch it in place.
and then activate it using UV LIGHT, all within a matter of five minutes and in an atraumatic way that doesn't require a separate incision."
Under development by the University of Washington and Microsoft Research, the Hypercam uses both visible and near-infrared light to peer beneath the surface
"One challenge is that the technology doesn't work particularly well in bright light, Goel said.
#Light-Sheet Microscope Pushes Resolution Limits With resolution seven times greater than conventional light-sheet microscopes, an advanced device can capture cell-level 3d images across entire small organisms.
Called Isoview, it's the first light microscope capable of imaging large, nontransparent specimens at subsecond temporal resolution and subcellular spatial resolution in all dimensions, according to group leader Philipp Keller.
From each side, an objective produces a thin beam of light that sweeps the sample from top to bottom.
when they are exposed to near-infrared light. Tests at this early stage are designed to make sure that the paint works as it's supposed to,
so the surgeons had to remove a piece of the tissue before shining a light on it.
Pete Jameson, chief operating officer at ODG, points out that the company R-6 glasses, commercially available for just under $5, 000, have an ambient light sensor and swappable photochromic shields for handling glare."
the team also applied UV LIGHT to disinfect some of the water as it passed through the system.
and at 350 grams should be light enough that it's not too distracting to players s
which wavelengths of light it reflects. An application of this material could be useful for certain types of camouflage during the day,
or changes in how light is reflectederfect for maneuvering drones through small spaces with lots of obstacles.
Two previous prototype made by NIII used either near-infrared light or reflectors to fool the cameras into not seeing a face,
Instead of the electrically powered near-infrared lights of the earlier visors, these glasses use an unspecified novel material to absorb
Previous attempts to hide faces from computers have resorted to eye-catching makeup or dangling lights from baseball caps.
The FDA has designed also a device that uses UV LIGHT to scan pills and their packaging.
For workers, there a blue screen option where it will lower the amount of blue light emitted from the screen to help protect a user lens.
a technique using electrons (instead of light or the eyes) to see the characteristics of a sample,
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart and from LMU Munich have created now a material that uses light to produce the versatile energy source hydrogen from water.
Migrating charge carriers Photocatalysts must contain charge carriers that can be excited using visible light so that they can move relatively freely
When irradiated with visible light, the mixture starts producing hydrogen. The scientists were thrilled not only that the
which also includes an LED light source, power supply, control unit, optical system, and image sensor, cost less than $3, 000 to construct.
#Researchers transform slow emitters into fast light sources Researchers from Brown Univ, . in collaboration with colleagues from Harvard, have developed a new way to control light from phosphorescent emitters at very high speeds.
The technique provides a new approach to modulation that could be useful in all kinds of silicon-based nanoscale devices,
a process that often involves flipping the light on and off to encode information. Because of their slow lifetimes, phosphors have traditionally been a nonstarter for applications that require high-speed modulation.
"Instead of changing how much light is coming out, which can only be done slowly in phosphor emitters,
we came up with a system that changes another quality of that light, namely the color or spectrum of light emission,
They produce a lot of heat along with light which is a problem on a silicon chip. Erbium and other phosphors, on the other hand, can be deposited directly on silicon, making fabrication easier.
director of the Wireless@MIT center. ou could also imagine it being used to operate your lights and TVS,
director of the Wireless@MIT center. ou could also imagine it being used to operate your lights and TVS,
all of the light that you see reflected from the object is at that frequency. When you shine a red laser pointer at a wall, for example,
your eye detects red light.?However, for all materials, there is a tiny amount of light bouncing off at integer multiples of the incoming frequency.
So with the red laser pointer, there will also be some blue light bouncing off of the wall.
their idea was that the optical harmonic response of a crystal could serve as a fingerprint of multipolar order. e found that light reflected at the second harmonic frequency revealed a set of symmetries completely different from those of the known crystal structure,
whereas this effect was completely absent for light reflected at the fundamental frequency. This is a very clear fingerprint of a specific type of multipolar order,
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