which generates a light signal. The sensor does need not to be activated chemically and is rapid-acting within five minutes-enabling the targeted antibodies to be detected easily, even in complex clinical samples such as blood serum."
The light-generating DNA antibody detecting nanomachine is illustrated here in action, bound to an antibody o
a technique using electrons (instead of light or the eyes) to see the characteristics of a sample,
which reacts very rapidly to incident light of all different wavelengths and even works at room temperature.
It is the first time that a single detector has been able to monitor the spectral range from visible light to infrared radiation and right through to terahertz radiation.
this comparatively simple and inexpensive construct can cover the enormous spectral range from visible light all the way to terahertz radiation."
The detector can register incident light in just 40 picoseconds these are billionths of a second.
By way of comparison, red light, which has the longest wavelength visible to the human eye,
is only twice as long as violet light which has the shortest wavelength on the visible spectrum. This optical universal detector is already being used at the HZDR for the exact synchronization of the two free-electron lasers at the ELBE Center for High-power Radiation Sources with other lasers.
which reacts very rapidly to incident light of all different wavelengths and even works at room temperature.
It is the first time that a single detector has been able to monitor the spectral range from visible light to infrared radiation and right through to terahertz radiation.
this comparatively simple and inexpensive construct can cover the enormous spectral range from visible light all the way to terahertz radiation."
The detector can register incident light in just 40 picoseconds these are billionths of a second.
By way of comparison, red light, which has the longest wavelength visible to the human eye,
is only twice as long as violet light which has the shortest wavelength on the visible spectrum. This optical universal detector is already being used at the HZDR for the exact synchronization of the two free-electron lasers at the ELBE Center for High-power Radiation Sources with other lasers.
then convert that light into an electrical charge proportional to its intensity and wavelength. In the case of our eyes, the electrical impulses transmit the image to the brain.
"In this structure-unlike other photodetectors-light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
"Ma says. Ultimately, the new phototransistors open the door of possibility, he says.""This demonstration shows great potential in high-performance and flexible photodetection systems,"says Ma,
then convert that light into an electrical charge proportional to its intensity and wavelength. In the case of our eyes, the electrical impulses transmit the image to the brain.
"In this structure-unlike other photodetectors-light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
and improve light absorption without the need for an external amplifier.""There's a built-in capability to sense weak light,
"Ma says. Ultimately, the new phototransistors open the door of possibility, he says.""This demonstration shows great potential in high-performance and flexible photodetection systems,"says Ma,
The Fresnel effect describes the amount of light that is reflected versus the amount transmitted. Where solar panels are concerned,
the suppression of reflected light translates into a 3-6 percent relative increase in light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and power output of the cells.
the coating is highly effective at blocking ultraviolet light. Other potential applications include goggles, periscopes, optical instruments, photodetectors and sensors.
Broadband/Omnidirectional Light Harvesting and Self-Cleaning Characteristics,"were Andrew Lupini, Gerald Jellison, Pooran Joshi, Ilia Ivanov, Tao Liu, Peng Wang, Rajesh
That means little light is lost and the quantum efficiency is virtually very high. In addition, it has been reported in the very recently published article that the composite shows high long-term stability over 25 hours
When exposed to green light, these centres emit a red fluorescent light, useful for sub-cellular imaging applications.
Unlike ordinary fluorescent material, these centres can also be turned into hypersensitive nanoprobes to detect temperature and magnetic field, via optical manipulation and detection.
This creates highly bundled light-a hundred times smaller than the wavelength of light, which otherwise represents the limit of"normal"optics with lenses and mirrors."
"The focused light delivers energy to the sample, creating a special interaction between the point and the sample in
The principle in such pump-probe experiments that function, for example, with light, pressure or electric field pulses is as follows:
and then fixed them in place using a procedure called light-triggered in-situ vinyl polymerization, which essentially uses light to congeal a substance into a hydrogel.
The nanosheets ended up stuck within the polymer, aligned in a single plane. Due to electrostatic forces, the sheets create electrostatic resistance in one direction but not in the other.
when they are exposed to near-infrared light. In addition, a gene therapy is administered that lowers the cellular defense against reactive oxygen species. Both the phthalocyanine
this approach allows the near-infrared light to penetrate much deeper into abdominal tissues, and dramatically increases the effectiveness of the procedure in killing cancer cells.
"and fluoresce when exposed to near-infrared light. This provides a literal road map for surgeons to follow,
#New optical chip lights up the race for quantum computer The microprocessor inside a computer is a single multipurpose chip that has revolutionised people's life,
Now, researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Japan, have pulled off the same feat for light in the quantum world by developing an optical chip that can process photons in an infinite number
and control quantum states of light and matter. A major barrier in testing new theories for quantum science and quantum computing is the time
while still allowing light and electrons to pass through. The new complete solar fuel generation system developed by Lewis
and convert the light into electric current using excited states in the material called"excitons.""Roughly speaking, an exciton is displaced a electron bound together with the hole it left behind.
The instrument combines a specialized form of linearly polarized light and photoluminescence to optically probe the molecular structure of the phthalocyanine crystals."
At the Frontiers in Optics conference researchers will describe a custom-built ultrafast laser that could help image everything from semiconductor chips to cells in real time Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers
The ultrafast laser also overcame another drawback of conventional table-top light sources: long exposure times.
Thanks to the new high-speed light source, Zürch and his colleagues have reduced the exposure time to only about a second--fast enough for real-time imaging.
the less efficient they become at converting the photons in light into useful electricity. The Stanford solution is based on a thin,
in the form of infrared light, into space. Their experiments showed that the overlay allowed visible light to pass through to the solar cells,
but that it also cooled the underlying absorber by as much as 55 degrees Fahrenheit. For a typical crystalline silicon solar cell with an efficiency of 20 percent, 55 F of cooling would improve absolute cell efficiency by over 1 percent,
"That's because the perception of color requires objects to reflect visible light, so any overlay would need to be tuned transparent,
"Our photonic crystal thermal overlay optimizes use of the thermal portions of the electromagnetic spectrum without affecting visible light,
#Pioneering research develops new way to capture light--for the computers of tomorrow Pioneering research by an international team of scientists,
data transfer by means of light-have long since become part of our everyday life, data on a computer are processed still
The team of scientists from Germany and England have made a key breakthrough by capturing light on an integrated chip,
this tool should provide fast and reliable characterization of the different mechanisms cellular proteins use to bind to DNA strands--information that could shed new light on the atomic-scale interactions within our cells
"In this light, Lu's invention represents a major advancement for the mobile health industry.""After producing the cut-and-pasted patches,
we have made two major advances--the ability to precisely control the brightness of light-emitting particles called quantum dots,
because the amount of light emitted from a single dye is unstable and often unpredictable.
These attributes obscure correlations between measured light intensity and concentrations of molecules,"stated Sung Jun Lim, a postdoctoral fellow and first author of the paper"
and improve color tuning in light-emitting devices. In addition, BE-QDS maintain their equal brightness over time
Chance effect of lab's fluorescent lights leads to discovery In contrast to using advanced nanofabrication facilities based on chemical processing of materials,
"It's one of those rare moments in experimental science where a seemingly random event--turning on the room lights--generated unexpected effects with potentially important impacts in science and technology."
"There was a slow drift in our measurements that we traced to a particular type of fluorescent lights in our lab. At first we were glad to be rid of it,
and then it struck us--our room lights were doing something that people work very hard to do in these materials."
the contractor that renovated the lab space for more information about the lights.""I've never had a client
when exposed to ultraviolet light, and their room lights happened to emit at just the right wavelength.
The electric field from the polarized strontium titanate was leaking into the topological insulator layer, changing its electronic properties.
Awschalom and his colleagues found that by intentionally focusing beams of light on their samples,
they could draw electronic structures that persisted long after the light was removed.""It's like having a sort of quantum etch-a-sketch in our lab,
They also found that bright red light counteracted the effect of the ultraviolet light, allowing them to both write and erase."
In this case, the light has a much lower frequency than ordinary light and in reality is microwaves."
#Researchers transform slow emitters into fast light sources Researchers from Brown University, in collaboration with colleagues from Harvard, have developed a new way to control light from phosphorescent emitters at very high speeds.
The technique provides a new approach to modulation that could be useful in all kinds of silicon-based nanoscale devices,
a process that often involves flipping the light on and off to encode information. Because of their slow lifetimes, phosphors have traditionally been a nonstarter for applications that require high-speed modulation.
"Instead of changing how much light is coming out, which can only be done slowly in phosphor emitters,
we came up with a system that changes another quality of that light, namely the color or spectrum of light emission,
They produce a lot of heat along with light which is a problem on a silicon chip. Erbium and other phosphors, on the other hand, can be deposited directly on silicon, making fabrication easier.
Among other advantages of the cells, mention can be made of simple production method, appropriate final price and high transparency for the light.
when you look at an object illuminated by a single frequency of light, all of the light that you see reflected from the object is at that frequency.
When you shine a red laser pointer at a wall, for example, your eye detects red light. However, for all materials, there is a tiny amount of light bouncing off at integer multiples of the incoming frequency.
So with the red laser pointer, there will also be some blue light bouncing off of the wall.
You just do not see it because it is such a small percentage of the total light.
"We found that light reflected at the second harmonic frequency revealed a set of symmetries completely different from those of the known crystal structure,
whereas this effect was completely absent for light reflected at the fundamental frequency, "says Hsieh."
but uses photons--the quanta of light--instead of electrons. The biggest advantage of using photons is the absence of interactions between them.
The aim of the scientists is to eventually observe even the much faster motions of electrons in light-driven processes o
The Optical Society) By precisely etching tiny features--smaller than a wavelength of light--onto a silicon film one thousand times thinner than a human hair, the researchers were able to select the range of colors the material would reflect,
Controlling light with structures rather than traditional optics is not new. In astronomy, for example, evenly spaced slits known as diffraction gratings are used routinely to direct light
Rather than spreading the light into a complete rainbow, however, these ridges--or bars--reflect a very specific wavelength of light.
and readily reflected the frequency of light they were tuned to. Flexibility Is the Key to Control Since the spacing,
spaced so they can interact with a specific wavelength of light, you can change its properties
and how it interacts with light by changing its dimensions, "said Chang-Hasnain. Earlier efforts to develop a flexible,
reflecting only a portion of the light they received. Other surfaces were too thick, limiting their applications,
and reflect light with even greater efficiency. Chameleon Skin with Multiple Applications For this demonstration, the researchers created a one-centimeter square layer of color-shifting silicon.
#Nanospheres cooled with light to explore the limits of quantum physics A team of scientists at UCL led by Peter Barker
"Nanospheres were cooled with light to explore the limits of quantum physics. Image: James Millen et al. Quantum phenomena are strange and unfamiliar.
called CLIP-for Continuous Liquid Interface Production-manipulates light and oxygen to fuse objects in liquid media,
It works by projecting beams of light through an oxygen-permeable window into a liquid resin.
Working in tandem, light and oxygen control the solidification of the resin, creating commercially viable objects that can have feature sizes below 20 microns,
"CLIP's debut coincides with the United Nation designating 2015 as the International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies,
which comprises a small modulation in the optical material properties, forms a bandgap for light,
which strongly effects the propagation of light, in the same way that semiconductors control the flow of electrons.
but under low light and at night, they're still vulnerable to infrared detection, "explains Alon Gorodetsky,
The current version reflects near-infrared light. Gorodetsky's team is continuing to tweak the materials,
spectral selective perfect light absorption in single layer silicon films on aluminum surface and its thermal tunability".
and chemical materials are caused by wavelength selective light absorption in organic molecules. Currently, colors on computer and iphone screens come from dye materials pre-placed on the pixels.
is because one wavelength of light is absorbed completely, explains Dr. Guo, while his student holds a collection of color samples.
A lot of colors you see in nature are due to wavelength selective light absorption in organic molecules which cannot withstand high temperatures,
Ultraviolet light destroys organic dye molecules over time, leading to color change and fading. The new technology may hold promise for many applications such as for jewelry, automotive interior trim, aviation, signage, colored keypads, electronics and wearable displays s
making them light, flexible and highly adaptable. They operate silently and are relatively cheap to produce.
however, has very little interaction with light, limiting the material's use in light emitting and absorbing applications."
"The problem with these materials is that they are just one monolayer thick, "said Koray Aydin, assistant professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University's Mccormick School of engineering."
"So the amount of material that is available for light emission or light absorption is limited very. In order to use these materials for practical photonic and optoelectric applications,
the research is described in the March 2015 online issue of Nano Letters("Enhanced Light Emission from Large-Area Monolayer Mos2 Using Plasmonic Nanodisc Arrays").
With enhanced light emission properties, Mos2 could be a good candidate for light emitting diode technologies.
The team's next step is to use the same strategy for increasing the material's light absorption abilities to create a better material for solar cells and photodetectors."
and PSB formed the shell to create an nversemicelle. he material is controlled easily by salt alone, rather than by a combination of several stimuli like ph, temperature or light,
and Light Extremely stiff carbon fiber components reduce the inertia and result in a high Eigenfrequency of 200hz, important for fast response, high operating frequencies,
The intensity of the emitted light carries information about the vacancy magnetic state. n the past
The MIT researchers report their new device in the latest issue of Nature Physics("roadband Magnetometry and Temperature Sensing with a Light Trapping Diamond Waveguide".
engineers will need a 3-dimensional image depicting how light interacts with these objects on the nanoscale.
Unfortunately, the physics of light has thrown up a roadblock in traditional imaging techniques: the smaller the object, the lower the image's resolution in 3-D. Now, engineers at Stanford and the FOM Institute AMOLF, a research laboratory in The netherlands, have developed a technique that makes it possible to visualize the optical properties of objects that are several
which light interacts with this nanometer scale object.""Interpreting a 2-D image, however, can be quite limiting,
The technique can be used to probe many systems in which light is emitted upon electron excitation."
"For instance, it could be used in manufacturing LEDS to optimize the way light is emitted, or in solar panels to improve the absorption of light by the active materials."
"The technique could even be modified for imaging biological systems without the need for fluorescent labels.
Photolithography is a standard optical process for transferring micropatterns on to a substrate by exposing specific regions of the photoresist layer to ultraviolet (UV LIGHT.
which protected certain regions of the substrate from the input UV LIGHT. Areas covered by the photomasks remain intact with the base layer
while the areas exposed to the UV LIGHT are washed away, thus creating a micropattern. This technology was limited to a two-dimensional,
disc-shaped design as the boundaries between the exposed and roofed regions are always in a parallel arrangement with the direction of the light.
1) the areas exposed to UV LIGHT lowered the concentration of oxygen and thus resulted in oxygen diffusion;
Photoresist under UV LIGHT creates radicals which initialize a chemical reaction. These radicals are eliminated with the presence of oxygen
This suggests that the photoresist must be exposed to UV LIGHT for an extended time to completely remove oxygen for a chemical reaction to begin.
While the region affected by the UV LIGHT lowered oxygen concentration, the concentration in the untouched region remained unchanged.
This difference in the concentrations caused a diffusion of oxygen to the region under UV LIGHT.
the diffusion occurs in parallel with the direction of the UV LIGHT. When fast, the diffusion process develops horizontally,
outward from the area affected by the UV LIGHT. Professor Kim and his team proved this phenomenon both empirically and theoretically.
Today the most commercially successful organic electronic devices are OLEDS (organic light emitting diodes) found in smart phone displays.
) The team was able to design an organic electronic device in which charge generated by light lived approximately 10,000 times longer than was thought previously possible.
#Graphene pushes the speed limit of light-to-electricity conversion (Nanowerk News) The efficient conversion of light into electricity plays a crucial role in many technologies,
since it allows for information carried by light to be converted into electrical information that can be processed in electrical circuits.
Graphene is an excellent material for ultrafast conversion of light to electrical signals, but so far it was known not how fast graphene responds to ultrashort flashes of light.
"The new device that the researchers developed is capable of converting light into electricity in less than 50 femtoseconds (a twentieth of a millionth of a millionth of a second.
Thus, the energy absorbed from light is efficiently and rapidly converted into electron heat. Next, the electron heat is converted into a voltage at the interface of two graphene regions with different doping.
thus enabling the ultrafast conversion of absorbed light into electrical signals. As Prof. van Hulst states"
STEVE The value measured by the 3d Cell Explorer is not fluorescence intensity of an exogenous molecule like with most optical microscopes.
which overcomes the inherent limitations of light, and pushes it far beyond the physical limits previously thought possible.
The compound is based on rare earths emitting coloured light that vary in colour with the amount of oxygen present in the sample.
it will be possible to measure oxygen using the optical microscopes already present in most hospitals. Thomas Just Sørensen is Associate professor at the Department of chemistry, Nanoscience Centre, University of Copenhagen.
which emit more light as the amount of oxygen diminishes. These, however, were incapable of measuring the amount of oxygen in cells,
whether a large amount of light signal was caused by a low oxygen concentration or a large concentration of oxygen sensitive molecules.
"You simply deduct the amount of red light from the amount of green to get a precise reading of the oxygen level.
Lucky for me that optical microscopes are kitted usually out to convert colour values to numerical values",smiles the inventor.
and Sørensen utilizes near infrared light which is highly compatible with biological studies, because it penetrates deeply into tissue,
Sørensen is particularly proud that the light signals are visible in an ordinary optical light microscope. Even though he readily admits that the microscope used for the initial testing is normal only for a when considered as individual components."
"The detector and light source was the same as on light microscopes found at any hospital, but my colleague Tom Vosch has optimized the microscope to the point where everything is almost beyond the possible.
optic flow sensors could be used as an ultra-light backup system in the event of failure on a space mission4.
which shines pulses of light into the animal. Absorption of the light by pigmented cells produces sound waves
which travel to the surface and are detected by an ultrasound scanner. By measuring the timings of the sound waves
just as lenses focus light and resonators (like the body of a guitar) amplify sound. They reported their findings in the May 8, 2015,
Due to the light-like properties of graphene electrons, they can pass through unimpededno matter how high the barrierif they hit the barrier head on.
#Controlling swarms of robots with light and a single finger (w/video)( Nanowerk News) Using a smart tablet and a red beam of light,
A person taps the tablet to control where the beam of light appears on a floor. The swarm robots then roll toward the illumination,
When the person swipes the tablet to drag the light across the floor the robots follow.
Using a smart tablet and a red beam of light, Georgia Institute of technology researchers have created a system that allows people to control a fleet of robots with the swipe of a finger.
A person taps the tablet to control where the beam of light appears on a floor. The swarm robots then roll toward the illumination,
When the person swipes the tablet to drag the light across the floor the robots follow.
"In the Georgia Tech demonstration, each robot is constantly measuring how much light is in its local"neighborhood."
so that another can steal some of its light.""The robots are working together to make sure that each one has the same amount of light in its own area,
"said Egerstedt. The tablet-based control system has one final benefit: it was designed with everyone in mind.
The waveguide and the coupler made of silicon route the two parts of a split light beam to the gaps or from the gaps.
the light beams of the waveguides initiate electromagnetic surface waves, the so-called surface plasmons. The voltage applied to the polymer modulates the surface waves.
the surface waves initially enter the output optical waveguides as modulated light beams and are superimposed then.
The result is a light beam in whose intensity (amplitude), the digital information was encoded. In the experiment, the MZM works reliably over the entire spectral range of the broadband optical fiber networks of 1500 1600 nanometers at an electric bandwidth of 70 gigahertz with data flows of up to 108 gigabit per second.
The NAVOLCHI EU project serves to use the interaction of light and electrons in metal surfaces to develop novel components for optical data transmission between chips.
#Integration of quantum dots and photonic crystals produce brighter, more efficient light Recently, quantum dots (QDS) ano-sized semiconductor particles that produce bright, sharp,
developing a new method to extract more efficient and polarized light from quantum dots (QDS) over a large-scale area.
These photonic crystals limit the direction that the QD-generated light is emitted meaning they produce polarized light,
or the development of silicon computing chips that process data communicated by photons of light instead of electricity.
Discovery image of the planet 51 Eridani b with the Gemini Planet Imager taken in the near-infrared light on December 18 2014.
mostly as infrared light,"says Macintosh. Once the astronomers zeroed in on the star, they blocked its light
and spotted 51 Eridani b orbiting a little farther away from its parent star than Saturn does from the sun
. Even though the light from the planet is very faint nearly a million times fainter than its star subsequent observations revealed that it is roughly twice the mass of Jupiter.
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