scientists say that the images shed fresh light on the first instants of the Universe s birth and peg the age of the Universe at 13.82 billion years#slightly older than previously estimated."
Light from light-emitting diodes is sent then sideways through the slab, and some of it is scattered out of the slab in a direction determined by the spacing and orientation of the grooves.
of which sends a light ray out of the slab in a particular direction. Albert Jeansthe array of gratings and the directions of the corresponding light beams are fixed.
So to create an image, a patterned mask is placed over the fixed array of gratings,
For example, many commercial 3d televisions use lenses to send underlying light sources in different directions. But the pixels in that case tend to be larger
But he points out that light designed to bleed between each of the 64 different views#to prevent jarring jumps#is 10 times as bright as typically used.
Shining a light on the cells triggers a cascade of biochemical reactions that transfer electrons along a chain of molecules#and switches the transistor on.
A microscope sends sheets of light rather than a conventional beam through the fish's brain,
for the latest study, they modified light detectors and other aspects of the system to increase the rate of imaging tenfold.
The new knowledge the project has generated can shed more light on diseases that affect the myelin
which means that it can be used to visualize objects much smaller than the wavelength of the light being used.
if you are using blue-green light with a wavelength of 500 nanometers, you can see anything smaller than 250 nanometers. nfortunately,
#Printing Color Images Without Ink A new technology creates colorful images by manipulating light rather than applying ink.
and corresponded to the desired absorption of light at various wavelengths. When light was shined onto the structure
the holes allowed certain wavelengths through at specific locations, producing the colorful logo. nlike the printing process of an inkjet or laserjet printer,
#Floating, Touchable'Fairy Lights'Unveiled A team of researchers from Japan has found a way to use a high-speed laser to create a touchable plasma display in mid-air.
as if the light has physical substance, the researchers say. DNEWS: Laser Technique Etches Water Repellence Into Metalthe team of researchers from the University of Tsukuba, Utsunomiya University,
which they've dubbed"Fairy Lights, "has advantages over other 3-D displays. For starters, it doesn require physical matter arranged
e developed a modulation algorithm that increases the throughput of data in visible light communications, Maite Brandt-Pearce,
which stands for Visible light Network Communications. They are now working on a prototype for potential investors:
when the light is on. Bring The nternet Of Thingsinto Your Homeesearchers have called it i-Fi?
the concept could provide a big boost to connectivity speeds with the potential to use every light in a building as an Internet transmitter. via Phys. or a
#'Dog Nose'Light Sniffs Out Disease Here a riddle: What kind of light can smell? Answer:
An optical dog nose. Researcher James Anstie at the University of Adelaide and his team are developing an instrument theye dubbed an optical dog nose that uses a specialized laser known as an optical frequency comb to provide a quick and noninvasive way to analyze a person
Using light to smell might be a little counterintuitive, but stick with us for a moment. Anstie and his team shine the laser onto a sample of gas.
the laser system uses light to ensethe range of molecules that are present in the sample,
which the driver is going, the coupe lights up accordingly. When hit with an electric charge, this special RF-C glows because of an electroluminescent paint.
the quicker the lights will glow. Although Lexus doesn't plan to add this feature to any current cars,
the SCIO (pronounced ki-oh uses a source light and an optical sensor to identify the molecular structure of any given material.
and those vibrations interact with the light to create an optical signature. By analyzing the light spectrum of each specific signature,
since the visible light emitted by the diamond probes faint green glowoes not penetrate whole human tissue very well. nly infrared light can penetrate into your body.
You cannot do that by using visible light, Jaque says. Still, a micron-scale look at the thermodynamics of human cells with picosecond time resolution would be a tremendous tool for scientists.
By positioning mirrors along the channel that reflect light into a microscope the researchers could observe the levitating cells in real time.
a material that can be stimulated in some way to produce light and a"resonant cavity"that will ring with light waves of particular wavelengths
Light resonating in the cavity stimulates the material to emit even more light, greatly amplifying the light to create a laser.
Researchers had used previously living cells to fashion lasers by loading the cells with fluorescent proteins
so that a zap with one color of light makes them radiate at another color. The light then resonates in the sphere,
triggering laser action and amplifying itself. Crucially, each laser shines at a couple of distinctive wavelengths depending on the precise size of the sphere,
#Desktop sonic black hole emits Hawking radiation A model black hole that traps sound instead of light has been caught emitting quantum particles thought to be the analogue of the theoretical Hawking radiation.
Their gravity is so strong that nothing not even light can escape from their edge a boundary called the event horizon.
A galaxy should emit about 10 per cent of its light in the mid-infrared range says team leader Jason Wright at Pennsylvania State university.
We have found several dozen galaxies giving out a superlative amount of mid-infrared light says Wright.
Microlensing detects planets by watching how their gravity affects the light of a distant background star.
As one star passes in front of another as seen from Earth light from the background star is bent gravitationally
The planet isn't blocking the background star's light. It's just that the mathematics of focusing is disrupted by the planet's gravity he says.
and coloured lights Spacex CEO Elon musk gave the world its first glimpse of the upgraded Dragon spacecraft.
whether and by how much the light from the supernova is being messed with by other things like nearby galaxies or the expansion of the universe.
For example the gravity from a massive object like a galaxy can magnify light from another object like a supernova bending its light waves
its light is being lensed by a galaxy in front of it. The supernova PS1-10afx was discovered in 2010 using the Pan starrs telescope in Hawaii.
Since we know what the light from PS1-10afx should look like without gravitational lensing a standard candle any differences can be attributed to the mass of the galactic lens
#Star dust casts doubt on recent big bang wave result An imprint left on ancient cosmic light that was attributed to ripples in spacetime
Because emissions from dust vary with wavelength this should allow researchers to better separate out the contributions to polarised light from dust.
Gas in Earth's upper atmosphere is ionised by ultraviolet light from the sun and the resulting plasma becomes trapped by magnetic fields in a doughnut-shaped ring around the planet.
Laser signals carry more data but the light is almost undetectable by the time it reaches Earth. Now a nanoscale light detector could make such deep-space missives easier to read.
So says Richard Mirin at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder Colorado who developed the detector with NASA.
The most reliable way of doing this is to vary the time interval between light pulses with a long interval representing a 0 say
The net is fitted with sensors that look for light reflecting from small pieces of debris and automatically aligns itself
To maximise the chance of cloudless skies LLCD will be able to beam its light to any of three detectors in New mexico California or Spain.
It will deploy Sprint-A into low Earth orbit where the spacecraft will take aim at the planets using cameras and sensors that record extreme-ultraviolet light.
Extreme UV is a range of light suitable for observing planetary atmospheres says Shujiro Sawai of the Japan aerospace exploration agency (JAXA.
When a planet transits a star the amount of light it blocks is used to calculate its size.
because it requires teasing out subtle periodic variations in a star's light. Fabienne Bastien of Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and colleagues used Kepler data to watch instead for flickers in starlight due to short-lived convection cells or granules on the star's surface.
and the tabletop method makes searing-hot beams of particles moving at near light speed. As an alternative says Sarri the beams can be used to mimic the way particle fountains from black holes
So Cahoy and colleagues are working on using light to transfer data instead. Easier to focus
then come together in space to form a light, powerful satellite. A network of such orbiters should be able to provide coverage that is similar to the signals terrestrial cellular towers already pump out."
and using a blue backlight to energize them, QD Vision has developed an optical component that can boost the color gamut for LCD televisions by roughly 50 percent,
pixels are illuminated by a white LED backlight that passes through blue, red, and green filters to produce the colors on the screen.
But this actually requires phosphors to convert a blue light to white; because of this process, much light is lost,
and displays only reach about 70 to 80 percent of the National Television Standard Committee color gamut.
Manufacturers use a blue LED in the backlight, but without the need for conversion phosphors.
As blue light passes through the Color IQ tube, some light shines through as pure blue light
With more light shining through the pixels, LCD TVS equipped with Color IQ produce 100 percent of the color gamut,
However this DNA is produced only when activated by the presence of a predetermined molecule or another type of input such as light.
Most of the sun s energy reaches us within a specific band of wavelengths Chou explains ranging from the ultraviolet through visible light and into the near-infrared.
Furthermore the researchers found that they could reverse the emotional association of specific memories by manipulating brain cells with optogenetics a technique that uses light to control neuron activity.
Then for mice that had received the fear conditioning the researchers stimulated the labeled cells in the dentate gyrus with light
For male mice that had received originally the fear conditioning they activated the memory cells involved in the fear memory with light for 12 minutes while the mice spent time with female mice.
but also light much as window blinds tilt to filter the sun. Researchers say the work could lead to waterproofing and anti-glare applications such as smart windows for buildings and cars.
and found she could control how much light passed through based on the angle at which the pillars bent.
But at the boundary itself, the camera sensor receives both red and blue light, so it averages them out to produce purple.
#Light pulses control graphene s electrical behavior Graphene, an ultrathin form of carbon with exceptional electrical optical and mechanical properties, has become a focus of research on a variety of potential uses.
Now researchers at MIT have found a way to control how the material conducts electricity by using extremely short light pulses
which could enable its use as a broadband light detector. The new findings are published in the journal Physical Review Letters in a paper by graduate student Alex Frenzel Nuh Gedik and three others.
The researchers found that by controlling the concentration of electrons in a graphene sheet they could change the way the material responds to a short but intense light pulse.
The researchers then illuminated graphene with a strong light pulse and measured the change of electrical conduction by assessing the transmission of a second low-frequency light pulse.
We use two different light pulses: one to modify the material and one to measure the electrical conduction.
Additionally the short light pulses allow the researchers to change and reveal graphene's electrical response in only a trillionth of a second.
The researchers say the work could aid the development of new light detectors with ultrafast response times and high sensitivity across a wide range of light frequencies from the infrared to ultraviolet.
While the material is sensitive to a broad range of frequencies the actual percentage of light absorbed is small.
The angle at which light should seem to arrive from the simulated image is sharper than the angle at
which light would arrive from the same image displayed on the screen. So the physical pixels projecting light to the right side of the pupil have to be offset to the left
That requires that a transparency patterned with an array of pinholes be laid over the screen blocking more than half the light it emits.
while letting much more light pass through. Wetzstein envisions that commercial versions of a vision-correcting screen would use the same technique.
In image-processing schemes with incoherent light normal light that we have around us nonlaser light you're always dealing with intensities.
The light from the diode lasers passes through a transform lens onto the carefully positioned diffraction grating a plate of glass scratched with parallel lines.
However instead of dispersing light at different angles which it s designed to do the grating forces the beams into the same direction superimposing them on one another.
The brighter the light, the more steam is generated. The new material is able to convert 85 percent of incoming solar energy into steam a significant improvement over recent approaches to solar-powered steam generation.
and exposing it to a solar simulator a light source that simulates various intensities of solar radiation.
The team used various techniques including differential scanning calorimetry dynamic light scattering and microscopy to test the separation efficiency showing more than 99.9 percent separation.
#Noninvasive brain control Optogenetics, a technology that allows scientists to control brain activity by shining light on neurons,
This technique requires a light source to be implanted in the brain, where it can reach the cells to be controlled.
using a light source outside the skull. This makes it possible to do long-term studies without an implanted light source.
The protein, known as Jaws also allows a larger volume of tissue to be influenced at once. This noninvasive approach could pave the way to using optogenetics in human patients to treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders,
Researchers then insert a light source, such as an optical fiber, into the brain to control the selected neurons.
Most of the natural opsins now used for optogenetics respond best to blue or green light.
Boyden team had identified previously two light-sensitive chloride ion pumps that respond to red light, which can penetrate deeper into living tissue.
these molecules, found in the bacteria Haloarcula marismortui and Haloarcula vallismortis, did not induce a strong enough photocurrent an electric current in response to light to be useful in controlling neuron activity.
The result of this screen, Jaws, retained its red-light sensitivity but had a much stronger photocurrent enough to shut down neural activity. his exemplifies how the genomic diversity of the natural world can yield powerful reagents that can be of use in biology and neuroscience,
the researchers were able to shut down neuronal activity in the mouse brain with a light source outside the animal head.
and was just as effective as that of existing silencers that rely on other colors of light delivered via conventional invasive illumination.
and identifying the reasons for its broadband light absorption, have been daunting tasks. This is, in part, because of the very characteristics that make it so interesting:
With this kind of microscope, the light emitted by the sample being imaged is sent through an array of lenses that refracts the light in different directions.
Each point of the sample generates about 400 different points of light, which can then be recombined using a computer algorithm to recreate the 3-D structure. f you have one light-emitting molecule in your sample,
rather than just refocusing it into a single point on the camera the way regular microscopes do,
these tiny lenses will project its light onto many points. From that you can infer the three-dimensional position of where the molecule was,
which enables neuronal firing to be controlled by shining light on cells engineered to express light-sensitive proteins.
which are like tiny liquid-crystal displays (LCDS) positioned between the light source and the lens. Patterns of light and dark on the first modulator effectively turn it into a bank of slightly angled light emitters that is,
light passing through it reaches the second modulator only at particular angles. The combinations of the patterns displayed by the two modulators
With the technology that has historically been used to produce glasses-free 3-D images known as a parallax barrier simultaneously projecting eight different viewing angles would mean allotting each angle one-eighth of the light emitted by the projector
Bridge technology Passing light through two modulators can also heighten the contrast of ordinary 2-D video.
One of the problems with LCD screens is that they don enable rue black A little light always leaks through even the darkest regions of the display. ormally you have contrast of,
so that it (a) doesn block as much light and (b) gets better resolution. The second, he says,
and the solid angle of light coming out from that plane, that is fixed, Cossairt says. hat that means is that
In 2013, they reported making the first solar cell that gives off extra electrons from high-energy visible light,
In a digital camera the lens focuses the incoming light so that light reflected by a small patch of the visual scene strikes a correspondingly small patch of the sensor array.
In lower-frequency imaging systems by contrast an incoming wave whether electromagnetic or in the case of sonar acoustic strikes all of the sensors in the array.
including environmental pollutants, ultraviolet light, and radiation. Fortunately, cells have several major DNA repair systems that can fix this damage,
which DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light goes unrepaired and leads to skin cancer. Scientists have identified also links between DNA repair and neurological, developmental,
But these photoswitches can be triggered to return to the other configuration by applying a small jolt of heat, light,
when lit up with near-infrared light. These particles can easily be manufactured and integrated into a variety of materials,
when exposed to near-infrared light. By altering the ratios of these elements, the researchers can tune the crystals to emit any color in the visible spectrum.
Wherever pulses of ultraviolet light strike the streams a reaction is set off that forms a solid polymeric particle.
anyone could image the particles after shining near-infrared light on them with a laser pointer. The researchers are also working on a smartphone app that would further process the images
#A new angle on controlling light Light waves can be defined by three fundamental characteristics: their color (or wavelength), polarization, and direction.
But now, for the first time, MIT researchers have produced a system that allows light of any color to pass through
While the amount of light reflected at each of these interfaces is small, by combining many layers with the same properties,
most of the light can be reflected away except for that coming in at precisely the right angle and polarization.
Previous work had demonstrated ways of selectively reflecting light except for one precise angle, but those approaches were limited to a narrow range of colors of light.
and light lost to reflections, and re-emission, so the ability to selectively control those reflections could improve efficiency.
roughly 90 percent of the light coming in within that angle was allowed to pass through. While these experiments were done using layers of glass and tantalum oxide,
calls this an ngenious application. n a macroscopic scale this is equivalent to observing the world through a set of louvers that allow light to enter from one direction only,
Each type is specialized to respond to a particular variety of visual input for example, light or darkness, the edges of an object,
Other known ganglion types respond only when light is turned on or off, and still others monitor the overall level of light
the researchers used a light microscope to image individual neurons in the brains of mice that had been engineered genetically so that one class of ganglions,
which add functions such as conducting electricity or emitting light. The new materials represent a simple demonstration of the power of this approach
and run the sample through a machine that detects any light emitted. Results can be plugged into the company software,
because light and oxygen damage the photosynthetic proteins. Usually plants can completely repair this kind of damage,
and other highly reactive molecules produced by light and oxygen, protecting the chloroplasts from damage.
but carbon nanotubes could act as artificial antennae that allow chloroplasts to capture wavelengths of light not in their normal range, such as ultraviolet, green,
tumors failed to spread. his elegant study sheds new light into the extracellular matrix proteins involved in various steps of the metastatic cascade,
that sheds empirical light on the inner workings of health care in the U s. The study takes advantage of Oregon recent use of a lottery to assign access to Medicaid, the government-backed health-care plan for low-income
and it works much more reliably than lidar in bright sunlight when ambient light can yield misleading readings.
the new system just deploys that hardware in a manner more in tune with the physics of low light-level imaging and natural scenes.
In a conventional lidar system the laser fires pulses of light toward a sequence of discrete positions
which pulses of light are emitted and reflected photons are detected that it can rule out the misleading signals produced by stray photons.
The MIT researchers system by contrast fires repeated bursts of light from each position in the grid only until it detects a single reflected photon;
Fortunately the false readings produced by such ambient light can be characterized statistically; they follow a pattern known in signal processing as Poisson noise.
That could mean that you have a light source that s weak or it could be that you re interrogating a biological sample
and too much light could damage it. Our eyes are a very good example of this but other biological systems are the same.
which the location of objects is calculated by how long it takes a light signal to reflect off a surface and return to the sensor.
"Kadambi says. hat is because the light that bounces off the transparent object and the background smear into one pixel on the camera.
In a conventional Time of Flight camera, a light signal is fired at a scene where it bounces off an object
In 2011 Raskar group unveiled a trillion-frame-per-second camera capable of capturing a single pulse of light as it travelled through a scene.
Conventional cameras see an average of the light arriving at the sensor, much like the human eye, says James Davis, an associate professor of computer science at the University of California at Santa cruz. In contrast,
what happens when they take a camera fast enough to see that some light makes it from the lashback to the camera sooner,
the researchers shine ultraviolet light through a mask onto a stream of flowing building blocks, or oligomers.
#Persuading light to mix it up with matter Researchers at MIT have succeeded in producing and measuring a coupling of photons
Their method involves shooting femtosecond (millionths of a billionth of a second) pulses of mid-infrared light at a sample of material and observing the results with an electron spectrometer, a specialized high-speed camera the team developed.
it may be possible to do this just by shining light on it. That actually modifies how electrons move in this system.
the light does not even get absorbed. g
#Anklebot helps determine ankle stiffness For most healthy bipeds, the act of walking is given seldom a second thought:
or lights, or battery packs, or other equipment, which the mobile cubes could transport. n the vast majority of other modular systems,
which relies on near-infrared light, could help scientists learn more about diseased or infected cells as they flow through silicon microfluidic devices. his has the potential to merge research in cellular visualization with all the exciting things you can do on a silicon wafer,
which produces visible light, but for the new system the researchers used a titanium sapphire laser that can be tuned to infrared and near-infrared wavelengths.
For this study, the researchers found that light with a wavelength of 980 nanometers worked best.
if the wavelength of light is increased into the infrared range. The researchers are also working on modifying the system
optical waveguides to carry light, hollow tubes to carry drugs, and conductive electrodes to carry electrical signals.
For example, light could be transmitted through the optical channels to enable optogenetic neural stimulation, the effects
or silence neurons with pulses of light, a method called optogenetics. Activating the projections led to compulsive sucrose-eating
They say this has the potential to lead to new kinds of light detection, thermal-management systems,
Although the two materials are structurally similar both composed of hexagonal arrays of atoms that form two-dimensional sheets they each interact with light quite differently.
The hybrid material blocks light when a particular voltage is applied to the graphene, while allowing a special kind of emission and propagation,
One of the consequences of this unusual behavior is that an extremely thin sheet of material can interact strongly with light,
while light interacting with hbn produces phonons. Fang and his colleagues found that when the materials are combined in a certain way,
The properties of the graphene allow precise control over light, while hbn provides very strong confinement and guidance of the light.
Combining the two makes it possible to create new etamaterialsthat marry the advantages of both,
comes from the ability to switch a light beam on and off at the material surface; because the material naturally works at near-infrared wavelengths, this could enable new avenues for infrared spectroscopy,
says, his work represents significant progress on understanding tunable interactions of light in graphene-hbn.
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