Richard J. Warburton from the University of Basel have shown already in past publications that the indistinguishability of the photons is reduced by the fluctuating nuclear spin of the quantum dot atoms.
For the first time ever, the scientists have managed to control the nuclear spin to such an extent that even photons sent out at very large intervals are the same color.
#First realization of an electric circuit with a magnetic insulator using spin waves Researchers at the University of Groningen, Utrecht University,
The circuit is realized using spin waves: wavelike perturbations in the magnetic properties of a material.
A device based on spin waves could theoretically operate more efficiently than ordinary electronic circuits. The results of their research will be published online in Nature Physics on Monday 14 september.
In a magnetic insulator, a spin wave is used instead. Spin is a magnetic property of an electron.
A spin wave is caused by a perturbation of the local magnetisation direction in a magnetic material.
Such a perturbation is caused by an electron with an opposite spin, relative to the magnetisation.
Spin waves transmit these perturbations in the material. This research demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to transmit electric signals in an insulating material.
Strong perturbation So far, electrical circuits based on spin waves have not been realised, since it turned out to be impossible to introduce a perturbation in the system large enough to create spin waves.
FOM workgroup leader prof. dr. Bart van Wees and his Phd student Ludo Cornelissen, both from the University of Groningen and FOM workgroup leader dr. Rembert
Duine from Utrecht University have succeeded to use spin waves in an electric circuit by carefully designing the device geometry.
This allows them to make use of the spin waves that are already present in the material due to thermal fluctuations,
and hence enables the spin waves to be used in an electric circuit. The spin wave circuit that the researchers built,
consists of a 200 nanometre thin layer of yttrium iron garnet (a mineral and magnetic insulator, YIG in short), with a conducting platinum strip on top of that on both sides.
this influences the magnetisation at the YIG surface and the electron spin is transferred. This causes a local magnetisation direction, generating a spin wave in the YIG.
Spin wave detection The spin waves that the researchers send into the YIG are detected by the platinum strip on the other side of the YIG.
The detection process is exactly opposite to the spin wave injection: a spin wave collides at the interface between YIG and platinum,
and transfers its spin to an electron in the platinum. This influences the motion of the electron, resulting in an electric current that the researchers can measure.
The researchers already studied the combination of platinum and YIG in previous research. From this research it was found that
when spin is transferred from platinum to YIG, this also implies the transfer of heat across the interface.
This enables the heating or cooling of the platinum-YIG interface, depending on the relative orientation of the electron spins in the platinum and the magnetisation in the YIG I
#Key component for terahertz wireless networks Terahertz radiation could one day provide the backbone for wireless systems that can deliver data up to one hundred times faster than today's cellular or Wi-fi networks.
freestanding 2d sheets through such techniques as spin-coating, chemical vapor deposition, and mechanical exfoliation has met with limited success. In 1994,
We then store the binary code of 0 or 1 on the'spin'of the electron,
'Electrons have a spin, and thus they interact with magnetic structures, 'says Prof. Stefan Heinze from the University of Kiel.
The authors see numerous applications for terahertz accelerators, in materials science, medicine and particle physics, as well as in building X-ray lasers.
The physicists underline that terahertz technology is of great interest both with regard to future linear accelerators for use in particle physics,
Except it not glass, it a special ceramic called spinel {spin-ELL} that the U s. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been researching over the last 10 years. pinel is actually a mineral,
but to add strong interactions between ultracold atoms, or to incorporate different quantum states, or spins.
Ketterle says such experiments would connect the research to important frontiers in material research, including quantum Hall physics
Because of this strong interaction with light, researchers also think they may be able to manipulate the material properties with light pulses. o engineer future devices,
and understand the intrinsic spin of electrons to advance nanoscale electronics is hampered by how hard it is to measure tiny, fast magnetic devices.
if perfected, could lead to a novel tabletop magnetic measurement technique and new, nanoscale electronic devices based on electrical spin, rather than charge.
Why the interest in electron spin? In physics, electron spin is established the well phenomenon of electrons behaving like a quantum version of a spinning top,
An emerging field called spintronics explores the idea of using electron spin to control and store information using very low power.
Technologies like nonvolatile magnetic memory could result with the broad understanding and application of electron spin.
because the parallel alignment of adjacent electron spins in the iron atoms generates a strong internal magnetic field.
Led by scientists from the University of Warwick the discovery of the new particle will help provide greater understanding of the strong interaction the fundamental force of nature found within the protons of an atom's nucleus. Named Ds3*(2860) the particle
Due to this similarity the Warwick researchers argue that scientists will now be able to study the particle to further understand strong interactions.
Along with gravity the electromagnetic interaction and weak nuclear force strong-interactions are one of four fundamental forces. Lead scientist Professor Tim Gershon from The University of Warwick's Department of physics explains:
whilst the electromagnetic interaction is responsible for binding molecules together and also for holding electrons in orbit around an atom's nucleus. The strong interaction is the force that binds quarks the subatomic particles that form protons within atoms together.
It is so strong that the binding energy of the proton gives a much larger contribution to the mass through Einstein's equation E=mc2 than the quarks themselves. 3 Due in part to the forces'relative simplicity scientists have previously been able to solve the equations behind gravity
and electromagnetic interactions but the strength of the strong interaction makes it impossible to solve the equations in the same way Calculations of strong interactions are done with a computationally intensive technique called Lattice QCD says Professor Gershon.
In addition some of these particles have higher spin values than the naturally occurring stable particles.
in this sense higher spin corresponds to the quarks orbiting each other faster than those with a lower spin.
Whether we can use the same technique as employed with our research into Ds3*(2860) to also improve our understanding of the weak interaction is a key question raised by this discovery.
while the number 2860 in parentheses is the mass of the particle in the units of Mev/c2 that are favoured by particle physicists.
The distributions of the angles between the D0 K-and p+particles allow the spin of the Ds3*(2860) meson to be determined unambiguously. 3 Quarks are bound by the strong interaction into one of two types of particles:
The hope of spintronics stems from its use of the spin of electrons to encode information rather than the transport of electrical charge of electrons.
To date, to be able read the spin of the electrons, which is either por own,
With the electrons held up momentarily, a heat gradient is applied to the material to set the spin of the electrons in motion again.
they start communicating information about the orientation of their spin. In this way, just like an electrical current is a stream of electrons moving through a conductor,
a current of pure spin can be achieved in magnetic insulators. Stephen Wu, the postdoctoral researcher who made the discovery,
Wu didn expect to see any spin because the paramagnet doesn generate a magnetic field. he spins in the system were not talking to each other.
But we still found measurable spin current, said Wu in the release. his effect shouldn happen at all.
What the researchers observered, in fact, was that the spin current was stronger in the GGG than in the YIG.
It is an amazing scientific discovery, but at this point, the best the scientists can do is speculate regarding why the phenomenon occurs at all. e think that there may be other new physics working here,
the objects that are moving the spin are not what we typically understand. Even while understanding of the physics that explain the phenomenon plays catch up,
and lets administrators spin servers and software up and down as needs require much more quickly than with current methods.
What more, this ability to virtualize the entire data center dramatically speeds up the time it takes to spin up server clusters from days or weeks to hours or even minutes
"Photonic"and"spintronic"computing is the principle of transferring information by light or electron spin.
This new property means that silicon-based light detectors identify spin, so more information can be transferred.
This chirality means that silicon-based detectors are able to detect the spin of electrons and light,
00:15 GMT, 19 may 2015 Today wind turbines have colossal blades that spin at speeds of more than 200mph (320 km h).
If a black hole spins slowly enough, it won't repel its meal as much. In the end, a slow-spinning black hole can eat up more matter than a fast spinner.'
The researchers previously demonstrated something known as a uantum spin Hall statewhen they applied a magnetic field with an in-plane orientation.
and in separate lanes, according their spin. In contrast to the unidirectional current flow of electrons in a regular metal, a material that behaves as a opological insulatorwould be useful in several spintronic applications.
forming a nanofiber string that winds around the platter as it continues to spin. The device can spin at more than 1
A revolutionary spin on a design that's been around for ages While the ball bearing might be among Leonardo Da vinci's less celebrated inventions,
Sanchez-Yamagishi was a lead co-author of a 2014 paper in Nature("Tunable symmetry breaking and helical edge transport in a graphene quantum spin Hall state)
"which showed that having a component of the applied magnetic field in the graphene plane forced electrons at the edge of graphene to move in opposite directions based on their spins.
It's called a Quantum Spin Hall State, "Sanchez-Yamagishi explains. That would have applications in quantum computing,
It is now theoretically possible to remotely control the direction in which magnetic molecules spin,
the uniform distribution of sulfur in carbon matrix and the strong interaction between carbon and sulfur are two important factors that affect the performance.
and mediated by their interaction with the spin and magnetic pull of other electrons. The process took only 10 femtoseconds--something that
forming a nanofiber string that winds around the platter as it continues to spin. The device can spin at more than 1
"In our study, we make use of the fact that a heat current passing through a magnetic material creates a separation of electron spins.
a Donald B. Willett Professor of Engineering and head of the Department of Materials science and engineering at Illinois."The physics of separating spins with heat currents is related to the operation of thermocouples and the thermoelectric generators that power deep space
""We use the spin current created by ultrafast heat conduction to generate spin transfer torque.
Spin transfer torque is the transfer of the spin angular momentum from conduction electrons to the magnetization of a ferromagnet
and enables the manipulation of nanomagnets with spin currents rather than magnetic fields, "explained Gyung-Min Choi,
who recently completed his Phd in materials science and engineering at Illinois."Spin transfer torque has often been realized by passing electrical currents through magnetic layers.
"Thermal spin transfer torque driven by the spin-dependent Seebeck effect in metallic spin-valves,
The spin-dependent Seebeck effect refers to the analogous phenomenon involving the spin of electrons in a ferromagnet."
"We quantify thermal spin transfer torque in metallic spin valve structures using an intense and ultrafast heat current created by picosecond--one trillionth of a second--pulses of laser light,"Cahill added."
The sign and magnitude of the heat-driven spin current can be controlled by the composition of a ferromagnetic layer and thickness of a heat sink layer
a solid material with spin-transition solution-like behaviour June 5th, 2015nantero Closes $30m+Series E Round;
triangular patterns (Fig. 1) removes the freedom of the electrons'spin such that the molecules line up
a solid material with spin-transition solution-like behaviour Spintronics is called a discipline to change the way we store
and manage digital information by using the spin of electrons. Metal complexes showing spin-transition (i e. reversible interconversion between different isomers) are among the best candidates for the preparation of molecular memories and spintronic devices.
A major bottleneck for the use of these compounds in such high-added value applications is however the lack of reliable methodologies for their integration into solid materials,
As such, a general and scalable strategy enabling direct transfer of spin-transition behaviour from solution to the solid state is yet to be developed.
The present study demonstrates that this methodology meets the most important conditions required to integrate spin-transition into functional materials:(
iii) it enables incorporation of spin-transition into any final solid matrix of choice by simple dispersion of the liquid-filled capsules.
All these features, in combination with its simplicity and the lack of synthetic modification of the complex, makes this strategy very appealing for the future fabrication of solid functional materials based on spin transition materials s
which can easily create self-ordered arrays of sub-20 nm features through simple spin-coating and plasma treatments.
#Spintronics advance brings wafer-scale quantum devices closer to reality (Nanowerk News) An electronics technology that uses the"spin
They have gotten nuclear spins to line themselves up in a consistent, controllable way, and they have done it using a high-performance material that is practical, convenient,
Light polarizes silicon nuclear spins within a silicon carbide chip. This image portrays the nuclear spin of one of the atoms shown in the full crystal lattice below.
Image: Peter Allen)" Our results could lead to new technologies like ultra-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear gyroscopes,
which was featured as the cover article of the June 17 issue of Physical Review Letters("Optical Polarization of Nuclear spins in Silicon Carbine").
"Falk and colleagues in David Awschalom's IME research group invented a new technique that uses infrared light to align spins.
Nuclear spins tend to be oriented randomly. Aligning them in a controllable fashion is complicated usually a and only marginally successful proposition.
or electrons can easily randomize the direction of the nuclear spins. Extreme experimental conditions such as high magnetic fields and cryogenic temperatures(-238 degrees Fahrenehit and below) are required usually to get even a small number of spins to line up.
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for example, only one to 10 out of a million nuclear spins can be aligned and seen in the image, even with a high magnetic field applied.
Using their new technique, Awschalom and his associates aligned more than 99 percent of spins in certain nuclei in silicon carbide (Sic).
Equally important, the technique works at room temperature--no cryogenics or intense magnetic fields needed. Instead, the research team used light to"cool"the nuclei.
The electron spins in these color centers can be cooled readily optically and aligned, and this alignment can be transferred to nearby nuclei.
had tried the group to achieve the same degree of spin alignment without optical cooling they would have had to chill the Sic chip physically to just five millionths of a degree above absolute zero(-459.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
Getting spins to align in room-temperature silicon carbide brings practical spintronic devices a significant step closer,
"Wafer-scale quantum technologies that harness nuclear spins as subatomic elements may appear more quickly than we anticipated
#Magnetic material unnecessary to create spin current (Nanowerk News) It doesn't happen often that a young scientist makes a significant and unexpected discovery,
but postdoctoral researcher Stephen Wu of the U s. Department of energy's Argonne National Laboratory just did exactly that("Paramagnetic Spin Seebeck Effect").
"What he found--that you don't need a magnetic material to create spin current from insulators--has important implications for the field of spintronics and the development of high-speed,
low-power electronics that use electron spin rather than charge to carry information. Typically when referring to electrical current,
Using the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), it is possible to create a current of pure spin (a quantum property of electrons related to its magnetic moment) in magnetic insulators.
However, this work demonstrates that the SSE is limited not to magnetic insulators but also occurs in a class of materials known as paramagnets.
New ways of generating spin currents may be important for low-power high-speed spin based computing (spintronics),
which have been the centerpiece of all spin-based electronic devices up until this point. Image: Argonne National Laboratory) Wu's work upends prevailing ideas of how to generate a current of spins."
"This is a discovery in the true sense, "said Anand Bhattacharya, a physicist in Argonne's Materials science Division and the Center for Nanoscale Materials (a DOE Office of Science user facility),
One such method is to separate the flow of electron spin from the flow of electron current,
To create a current of spins in insulators, scientists have kept typically electrons stationary in a lattice made of an insulating ferromagnetic material,
the spins begin to"move"--that is, information about the orientation of a spin is communicated from one point to another along the lattice,
much in the way a wave moves through water without actually transporting the water molecules anywhere.
Spin excitations known as magnons are thought to carry the current. Wu set out to build on previous work with spin currents,
expanding it to different materials using a new technique he'd developed. He worked on making devices a thousand times smaller than the typical systems used
in a paramagnet the spins aren't aligned as they are in a ferromagnet. They generate no magnetic field, produce no magnons,
and there appears to be no way for the spins to communicate with one another. But to everyone's surprise,
the spin current was stronger in the GGG than it was in the YIG.""The spins in the system were not talking to each other.
But we still found measurable spin current, "says Wu.""This effect shouldn't happen at all."
"The next step is to figure out why it does.""We don't know the way this works,
the objects that are moving the spin are not what we typically understand.""In the meantime, said Wu,
It spins like a molecular turbine, and being surrounded by runnier water should make it turn more easily,
one of several ongoing particle physics experiments at the laboratory. LHCB studies antimatter and its relationship to matter.
Hyperpolarized MRI provides fine imaging resolution thanks to dynamic nuclear spin polarization technology which is used to track minute biochemistry in the body,
With eight months of building and testing, Marion tells PSFK he regularly takes the drone out for a spin
and were seen to spin at high speeds or become stuck in a series of circular rings due to acoustic radiation forces.
After writing a quantum state onto the nuclear spin of the europium using laser light the team subjected the crystal to a combination of a fixed and oscillating magnetic fields to preserve the fragile quantum information.
The two fields isolate the europium spins and prevent the quantum information leaking away said Dr Jevon Longdell of the University of Otago.
and then spin-coating it onto perovskite, they evaporated the powder in a vacuum chamber and the spiro-OMETAD molecules deposited onto the solar cell.
we make use of the fact that a heat current passing through a magnetic material creates a separation of electron spins.
a Donald B. Willett Professor of Engineering and head of the Department of Materials science and engineering at Illinois."The physics of separating spins with heat currents is related to the operation of thermocouples and the thermoelectric generators that power deep space
""We use the spin current created by ultrafast heat conduction to generate spin transfer torque.
Spin transfer torque is the transfer of the spin angular momentum from conduction electrons to the magnetization of a ferromagnet
and enables the manipulation of nanomagnets with spin currents rather than magnetic fields, "explained Gyung-Min Choi,
who recently completed his Phd in materials science and engineering at Illinois."Spin transfer torque has often been realized by passing electrical currents through magnetic layers.
"Array"We quantify thermal spin transfer torque in metallic spin valve structures using an intense
The sign and magnitude of the heat-driven spin current can be controlled by the composition of a ferromagnetic layer and thickness of a heat sink layer."
and atoms and the extended spin-coherence times are essential steps toward realizing real-world quantum memories and, hence, quantum computing systems,
which memories are encoded inside the electronic spin states of an atomic system, with a memory time exceeding 200 microseconds.
and entangle each photon pair into multiple dimensions using quantum properties such as the photons'energy and spin.
Producing spin-entangled electrons A team from the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, along with collaborators from several Japanese institutions, have produced successfully pairs of spin-entangled electrons and demonstrated, for the first time,
that these electrons remain entangled even when they are separated from one another on a chip. This research could contribute to the creation of futuristic quantum networks operating using quantum teleportation,
says,"We set out to demonstrate that spin-entangled electrons could be produced reliably. So far, researchers have been successful in creating entangled photons,
We chose to try to show that electrons can be entangled through their spin, a property that is relatively stable."
the team was able to show clearly that the spin of the electrons remained entangled as they passed through the separate quantum dots."
by using the spin-entangled electrons to create photons that themselves would be entangled. This could allow us to create large networks to share quantum information in a widely distributed way."
facilitating communications between their"up"or"down"spin states. They also allow for handy things like electrical conductivity in metals.
Atomic moments in local-moment ferromagnets--that is, common magnetic materials--align all of their spins in the same direction.
The spin can be either por ownforming the quantum superposition of the up and down states representing a new technology for processing information.
#Nanoscale mirrored cavities amplify connect quantum memories The idea of computing systems based on controlling atomic spins just got a boost from new research performed at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) and the U s. Department of energy (DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory.
which photons transmit information about those atomselectronic spin states, which can be used to store quantum information.
Such spin-photon interfaces are thought to be essential for connecting distant quantum memories, which could open the door to quantum computers and long-distance cryptographic systems.
Crucially, the team demonstrated a spin-coherence time (how long the memory encoded in the electron spin state lasts) of more than 200 microseconds long time in the context of the rate at
and characterize the materials. he memory elements described in this research are the spin states of electrons in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond.
The up or down orientation of the electron spins on these NV centers can be used to encode information in a way that is somewhat analogous to how the charge of many electrons is used to encode the and in a classical computer.
The scientists preferentially orient the NV spin, whose direction is oriented naturally randomly, along a particular direction.
scientists can manipulate the electron spins into or back into using microwaves. The state has brighter fluorescence than the state,
The trick is getting the electron spins in the NV centers to hold onto the stable spin states long enough to perform these logic gate operationsnd being able to transfer information among the individual memory elements to create actual computing networks
and Edward Chen, who is also a graduate student studying under the guidance of Englund at MIT. oupling the NV centers with these optical resonator cavities seemed to preserve the NV spin coherence timehe duration of the memory,
hese methods have given us a great starting point for translating information between the spin states of the electrons among multiple NV centers.
cutaway view of the geometry used to generate currents of spin from currents of heat.
This current of heat creates a separation of electron spins that then diffuse through the Cu heat sink and affect the magnetization of a second ferromagnetic layer,
Alex Jerez, Imaging Technology Group, The Beckman Institutee use the spin current created by ultrafast heat conduction to generate spin transfer torque.
Spin transfer torque is the transfer of the spin angular momentum from conduction electrons to the magnetization of a ferromagnet
and enables the manipulation of nanomagnets with spin currents rather than magnetic fields, explained Gyung-Min Choi,
hermal spin transfer torque driven by the spin-dependent Seebeck effect in metallic spin-valves,
The spin-dependent Seebeck effect refers to the analogous phenomenon involving the spin of electrons in a ferromagnet.
e quantify thermal spin transfer torque in metallic spin valve structures using an intense and ultrafast heat current created by picosecondne trillionth of a secondulses of laser light,
The sign and magnitude of the heat-driven spin current can be controlled by the composition of a ferromagnetic layer and thickness of a heat sink layer. ource:
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