This scans the print with a laser, particles in the powder are ionised vaporised and, and a molecular profile appears.
pulses of a laser can be sent down the guide, where they can interact with the GST
Publishing in Nature Photonics this week, the team explained how they could send intense pulses of light through the waveguide to change the state of the GST,
The new device, called a biophotonic laser-assisted surgery tool, or BLAST, is a silicon chip with an array of micrometer-wide holes,
Researchers use a laser pulse to heat the titanium coating, which instantly boils the water layer adjacent to parts of the cell.
A laser can scan the entire silicon chip in about 10 seconds. Chiou said the key to the technique's success is the instantaneous and precise incision of the cell membrane."
have demonstrated now that a graphene-based photodetector converts absorbed light into an electrical voltage at an extremely high speed.
To do this, the researchers used a combination of ultrafast pulse-shaped laser excitation and highly sensitive electrical readout.
As Klaas-Jan Tielrooij comments,"the experiment uniquely combined the ultrafast pulse shaping expertise obtained from single molecule ultrafast photonics with the expertise in graphene electronics.
Koppens comments,"Graphene photodetectors keep showing fascinating performances addressing a wide range of applications
#Protein finding can pave way for improved treatment of malignant melanoma New research now demonstrates that the presence of the protein megalin in a malignant melanoma is an indicator of cancer cells that are particularly aggressive.
Supporting data were collected with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, an advanced laser technique that combines ultrafast time resolution with high sensitivity to chemical structure.
The receivers are small photodiodes that cost less than a dollar each and could be connected through a USB port for current systems,
#Printing silicon on paper, with lasers Recently, a group of researchers at Delft University of Technology,
to be produced directly on a substrate from liquid silicon ink with a single laser pulse--potentially ousting its pale usurpers.
The laser blast only lasted a few tens of nanoseconds, leaving the paper completely intact. In testing its conductive performance,
Ishihara and his colleagues found that thin-film transistors using the laser-printed layer exhibited mobilities as high as those of conventional poly-silicon conductors.
An efficient terahertz emission from two-dimensional arrays of gold split-ring resonator metamaterials was discovered as a result of excitation by a near-infrared pulsed laser.
when a two-dimensional array of nanometer-sized gold metamaterial resonators is illuminated by a tunable near-infrared femtosecond laser,
#Generating broadband terahertz radiation from a microplasma in air Researchers have shown that a laser-generated microplasma in air can be used as a source of broadband terahertz radiation.
They demonstrate that an approach for generating terahertz waves using intense laser pulses in air can be done with much lower power lasers, a major challenge until now.
They have exploited the underlying physics to reduce the necessary laser power for plasma generation. Researchers at the University of Rochester's Institute of Optics have shown that a laser-generated microplasma in air can be used as a source of broadband terahertz radiation.
In a paper published this week in Optica Fabrizio Buccheri and Xi-Cheng Zhang demonstrate that an approach for generating terahertz waves using intense laser pulses in air--first pioneered in 1993--can be done with much lower power lasers, a major challenge until now.
Ph d. student and lead author Buccheri explains that they exploited the underlying physics to reduce the necessary laser power for plasma generation.
He adds that it could potentially be improved for applications in the monitoring of explosives or drugs.
He adds that this can be generated using specific terahertz devices, such as diodes or lasers. However, for spectroscopy applications,
"Until now, approaches to use a plasma as a broadband source of terahertz have used commonly an elongated plasma generated by combining together two laser beams of different frequencies, i e.,
requires powerful, expensive lasers. The"one-color"approach uses single laser frequency to generate the plasma.
Pioneered by Harald Hamster and colleagues in 1993, it required even higher laser energies and therefore it was explored not further until this recent paper by Buccheri and Zhang.
Buccheri explains that he has always been interested in the polarization of light and how it can be exploited for different uses.
if by creating a plasma with a laser in one of these"weirder"polarization states
"He adds that he was then able to exploit the physics to use lower laser energies than previously thought possible to generate broadband terahertz waves in air.
He thinks that fine tuning the type of laser used and changing the air to a different gas could enable even lower operation powers.
An advantage of this"one-color"approach to generating terahertz radiation is the fact that the terahertz waves propagate in a different direction to the laser beam.
imagine a laser pointer whose color can be changed simply by changing the liquid inside it, instead of needing a different laser pointer for every desired Color in addition to changing color in real time,
the liquid nanolaser has additional advantages over other nanolasers: it is simple to make, inexpensive to produce
Nanoscopic lasers--first demonstrated in 2009--are only found in research labs today. They are,
The liquid nanolaser in this study is not a laser pointer but a laser device on a chip,
The laser's color can be changed in real time when the liquid dye in the microfluidic channel above the laser's cavity is changed.
The laser's cavity is made up of an array of reflective gold nanoparticles, where the light is concentrated around each nanoparticle
and then amplified. In contrast to conventional laser cavities, no mirrors are required for the light to bounce back and forth.
Notably, as the laser color is tuned, the nanoparticle cavity stays fixed and does not change;
only the liquid gain around the nanoparticles changes. The main advantages of very small lasers are:
Some technical backgroundplasmon lasers are promising nanoscale coherent sources of optical fields because they support ultra-small sizes and show ultra-fast dynamics.
Although plasmon lasers have been demonstrated at different spectral ranges, from the ultraviolet to near-infrared, a systematic approach to manipulate the lasing emission wavelength in real time has not been possible.
The main limitation is that only solid gain materials have been used in previous work on plasmon nanolasers;
These nanoscale lasers can be mass-produced with emission wavelengths over the entire gain bandwidth of the dye.
Thus, the same fixed nanocavity structure (the same gold nanoparticle array) can exhibit lasing wavelengths that can be tuned over 50 nanometers, from 860 to 910 nanometers,
In the recent years, the radiation pressure has been harnessed also in the field of laser physics. It can be used to couple the electromagnetic laser field to, for example,
the movement of the small mechanical oscillators that can be found inside ordinary watches. Due to the weakness of the interaction, one typically needs substantially strong laser fields."
"Radiation pressure physics in these systems have become measurable only when the oscillator is hit by millions of photons,
and a laser diode, all enclosed in a small, 3d printed case and integrated to act just like a fluorescence microscope.
Conversely, the CLS is a miniature version of a synchrotron that produces suitable X-rays by colliding laser light with electrons circulating in a desk-sized storage ring.
The technique complements ultrafast studies with SLAC's X-ray free-electron laser. Similar to X-ray light, highly energetic electrons can take snapshots of the interior of materials as they pass through them.
for instance in response to ultrashort laser pulses.""UED has been under development for the past 10 to 15 years,
"LCLS expertise in electron gun technology and ultrafast laser systems gives our system the performance and stability needed to study much faster processes."
when laser science and X-ray science merged into the new field of ultrafast X-ray science."
#New 2d transistor material made using precision lasers Last year a multi-discipline research team led by South korea's Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics
They directed a 1 m wide laser (a human hair is 17 to 181 m) at the 2h-Mote2
and photonic crystal technology, could lead to brighter and more efficient mobile phone, tablet, and computer displays, as well as enhanced LED lighting.
They then used electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing technology to precisely print the QD-embedded polymers onto photonic crystal structures.
These photonic crystals limit the direction that the QD-generated light is emitted meaning they produce polarized light,
their replica molded photonic crystals could someday lead to brighter, less expensive, and more efficient displays."
"If you put the photonic crystal-enhanced quantum dot into a device like a phone or computer,
See fabricated a novel 1mm device (aka Robot Man) made of yellow photonic crystal-enhanced QDS.
"One prototype based on this model synchronizes a laser projector with a common rolling-shutter camera-the type of camera used in most smartphones
-so that the camera detects light only from points being illuminated by the laser as it scans across the scene.
But as a projector scans a laser across the scene, the spots illuminated by the laser beam are brighter,
if only briefly, noted Kyros Kutulakos, U of T professor of computer science.""Even though we're not sending a huge amount of photons, at short time scales,
this is accomplished by synchronizing the projector so that as the laser scans a particular plane, the camera accepts light only from that plane.
because the world's leading quantum photonics group teamed up with Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT), the world's leading telecommunications company.
Professor Jeremy O'brien, Director of the Centre for Quantum Photonics at Bristol University, explained:""Over the last decade, we have established an ecosystem for photonic quantum technologies,
and their design was done traditionally by manufacturing but now, with 3d printing, computer manufacturing and more laser technology,
"Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
55 patients with atypical moles agreed to have monitored their skin by researchers at Pisa University Hospital using a laser Doppler system.
The laser Doppler was used to record the complex interactions taking place in the minute blood vessels beneath their suspicious mole for around 30 minutes.
and the results were compared with the information obtained--noninvasively--using the laser Doppler scan. The laser Doppler signal correctly identified 100%of the patients with malignant skin.
Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said:""We used our knowledge of blood flow dynamics to pick up on markers
The researchers then applied cutting-edge laser techniques to the mammalian embryo (previously used in fly
By altering the tension of the cells using lasers or genetic manipulations, researchers could change which cells move inside the embryo.
Analyzing metabolites in a single cell Based on interactions between silicon nanopost arrays (NAPA) and laser light,
however, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry techniques suffer from matrix-associated background problems that prevent the detection of small molecules at individual cell levels.
The NAPA platform consists of an array of silicon nanoposts that exhibit enhanced electromagnetic fields upon interaction with pulses of laser radiation.
and xenobiotics in a broad class of samples, making it the foundation for matrix-free laser desorption ionization.
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
Even lasers, the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level, below the standard baseline of vacuum fluctuations.
using a carbon-dioxide laser. Although the team tried more complex designs the simplest pattern worked best.
Lamoureux patterned the Kapton with the laser cutter. The design with the very best solar-tracking promise was impossible to make at U-M
"The research was published September 14 in Nature Photonics. Today's cellular and Wi-fi networks rely on microwaves to carry voice conversations and data.
the UVM team--with support from the National Science Foundation--built a scanning laser microscope,
#Laser pulses for ultrahigh molecular sensitivity Researchers from the Attoscience and Ultrafast Optics Group led by ICREA Prof. at ICFO Jens Biegert,
Their light source exerts extreme control over mid-wave infrared laser light with unrivalled peak brilliance and single-shot spectral coverage between 6. 8 and 16.4 micron wavelength.
Each laser pulse has a duration of 66 fs which is so short that the electric field oscillates only twice.
"Our photonic crystal thermal overlay optimizes use of the thermal portions of the electromagnetic spectrum without affecting visible light,
The researchers present their development in the journal Nature Photonics (10.1038/nphoton. 2015.182. Light determines the future of information and communication technology:
and characterization of atomically thin 2d hybrid perovskites and introduces a new family of 2d solution-processed semiconductors for nanoscale optoelectronic devices, such as field effect transistors and photodetectors."
as the scientists surrounding DESY's Franz Kärtner from the Center For free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) point out.
however it also requires significantly more powerful lasers than those needed for terahertz accelerators. The physicists underline that terahertz technology is of great interest both with regard to future linear accelerators for use in particle physics,
So-called free-electron lasers (FELS) generate flashes of laser light by sending high-speed electrons from a particle accelerator down an undulating path,
and is described in the journal Nature Photonics.""Light doesn't typically like to be squeezed or manipulated but this metamaterial permits you to manipulate light from one chip to another, to squeeze,
Their results are published in the journal Nature Photonics on 19 october. Both cardiac cells in the heart and neurons in the brain communicate by electrical signals,
Standard OCT systems gather 3d data and often require sophisticated lasers systems and light detectors, which can get expensive.
"In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
layer by layer, using a computer-controlled laser beam that hardens the plastic. Each six-by-six inch layer takes a mere minute to complete."
Their findings were published in Nature Photonics.**The plasmonic phase modulator is inverted effectively an, nanoscale speed bump.
Incoming plasmons, created by laser light at one end of the array, travel though this air gap between the bridges and the bottom gold layer.
such as surface markers or proteins, with flourescent probes attached to antibodies and pass those cells through lasers.
When the lasers hit them, the fluorescent probes emit different wavelengths of light, which are detected by the cytometer
The discovery has been published in the renown scientific journal Nature Materials with the title nhancement of the chemical stability in confined d-Bi2o3 wherein the DTU-researchers describe in detail how they used advanced Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD
NRL is also looking at spinel for the windows on lasers operating in maritime and other hostile environments. e got to worry about wave slap and saltwater and things like that,
(and other materials) for next generation (NEXTGEN) lasers. asers can be thought of as a box comprised of optics,
For passive laser applications, like exit apertures (windows), the key is high quality. hat window, if it got any impurities or junk,
it can absorb that laser light, says Sanghera. hen it absorbs, things heat up, which can cause the window to break.
For active laser applications, theye demonstrated how sintering can be used with materials other than spinel to make a laser that xcellent optical quality.
NRL has transitioned both types of laser materials and applications to industry. What makes NRL tick is solving problems Sanghera came to NRL in 1988,
his fiber can remote the energy from the laser, which is inside the platform, to a device on the outside,
and then shoot the laser beam out, confuse the missile. He acknowledges, n Dod, we are the premier place for development of fiber lasers.
It something we are heavily involved with all the different types of fibers and configurations and materials required to enable these eye-safer and NEXTGEN lasers.
Sanghera says that there evolution, like enhancing an existing capability by improving size, weight, and performance/power (SWAP);
#Perseverance paves way for wind laser Developing new satellite instruments is always challenging, but at times more head-scratching is needed to create something truly cutting-edge.
but its wind lasers are now ready and the task of putting the rest of the instrument together can begin
a novel wind lidar called Aladin incorporating two powerful lasers, a large telescope and very sensitive receivers.
The laser generates UV LIGHT which is beamed towards Earth. This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
By comparing these frequencies with the original laser, the winds below the satellite can be determined.
and testing both lasers. Despite numerous setbacks in particular issues associated with them working properly in a vacuum,
Both lasers have now been delivered to Airbus Defence and Space in Toulouse, France, ready to be integrated into the rest of Aladin.
Alessandro Dttavi, the Aladin System Engineering Manager at Selex-ES Pomezia, near Rome, has worked on the laser
the team spirit and motivation has remained always high. ow that the lasers are both safely in the hands of Airbus in France we wish them well with integrating them into the Aladin instrument
Giuseppe Pulella, Programme Manager for the laser transmitter at the Selex-ES factory near Florence, added, e have been working at the forefront of optics
and laser technology for some time and encountered some pitfalls along the way. evertheless, we have overcome these with a mixture of technical solutions.
including testing the life of the spare laser, but we now feel that we have mastered the main challenges that earlier stalled its development.
The Aladin team at Airbus have had the first laser since last year and have carried already out some important tests on its optics.
However, the arrival of the second laser allows the team to move on and assemble and test the full instrument
he delivery of the second flight laser is a major achievement by Selex-ES, who have overcome major technology issues along the way. he contributions of Airbus Defence and Space,
NEW METHOD Randomly scattered laser light appears as a finely grained speckle pattern as a result of interference of many scattered light paths.
and the laser light is shone upon the scattering surface. The lens creates a speckle pattern that can be scanned on the object.
and lattice vibrations in a crystal of lithium niobate and to observe how a laser focused onto a glass plate creates a hot, rapidly expanding plume of plasma.
Such as the laser ignition of fusion, the phase transition of materials, and the dynamics of a Coulomb explosion.
the necessary clearance from laser beampaths, the high velocity of the debris ind, and the limited access for exchange once it is loaded in the DIM.
says senior author Björn Lillemeier, an assistant professor in the Nomis Foundation Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis and the Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center at the Salk Institute.
generated using laser beams, and is 100 times stronger than that of the world strongest magnets.
A superfluid with loops The team first used a combination of laser cooling and evaporative cooling methods,
the researchers used a set of lasers to create a crystalline array of atoms, or optical lattice.
The electric field of the laser beams creates what known as a periodic potential landscape, similar to an egg carton,
ultrahigh magnetic field, using laser beams to push atoms around in tiny orbits, similar to the orbits of electrons under a real magnetic field.
and two additional laser beams to control the motion of the atoms. On a flat lattice, atoms can easily move around from site to site.
In this scenario, atoms could only move with the help of laser beams. ow the laser beams could be used to make neutral atoms move around like electrons in a strong magnetic field
Using laser beams, the group could make the atoms orbit, or loop around, in a radius as small as two lattice squares, similar to how particles would move in an extremely high magnetic field. nce we had the idea,
All we had to do was take two suitable laser beams and carefully align them at specific angles,
and a half to optimize the lasers and electronic controls to avoid any extraneous pushing of the atoms,
which could make them lose their superfluid properties. t a complicated experiment, with a lot of laser beams, electronics,
showed that a special technique using a laser to detect the subtle differences in blood flow beneath the skin enabled researchers to tell the difference between malignant melanoma and non-cancerous moles.
55 patients with atypical moles agreed to have monitored their skin by researchers at Pisa University Hospital using a laser Doppler system.
The laser Doppler was used to record the complex interactions taking place in the minute blood vessels beneath their suspicious mole for around 30 minutes.
and the results were compared with the information obtained noninvasively sing the laser Doppler scan. The laser Doppler signal correctly identified 100%of the patients with malignant skin.
Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said: e used our knowledge of blood flow dynamics to pick up on markers
has developed a technology that fires and recaptures scattered laser light to literally ee around corners. The system sends a pulse of laser light off of a wall or surface and into a nonvisible space.
The scattering photons from the laser bounce off obstacles and make their way back to sensors in the camera.
The dimensions of that unseen space are recreated then based on the time stamp of the photons that scatter back to the camera.
directing laser pulses into suspected cave openings. The project is led by Jeff Nosanov, of Nosanov Consulting in Bethesda, Maryland.
Next they dyed the sample with 14 different dyes in a narrow emission window and excited and photoswitched the molecules with one laser.
Semiconductor lasers typically emit into elliptical beams that are really hard to work with and the new metasurface optical components could replace expensive optical systems used to circularize the beams.
The standard approach to squeezing light involves firing an intense laser beam at a material, usually a nonlinear crystal,
Even lasers the most perfect light source known, carry this level of fluctuating noise. This is when things get stranger still,
In the Cambridge experiment, the researchers achieved this by shining a faint laser beam on to their artificial atom, the quantum dot.
By scattering faint laser light from the quantum dot, the noise of part of the electromagnetic field was reduced to an extremely precise and low level
They excited motions with a laser pulse (pump pulse, red) and probed the laser-induced structural changes with a subsequent electron pulse (probe pulse, blue).
The electrons of the probe pulse scatter off the monolayer atoms (blue and yellow spheres)
to take snapshots of a three-atom-thick layer of a promising material as it wrinkles in response to a laser pulse.
and evolve in response to laser light. Researchers at SLAC placed their monolayer samples which were prepared by Linyou Cao group at North carolina State university, into a beam of very energetic electrons.
If a laser pulse heats the monolayer up, it sends ripples through the layer. These wrinkles,
The team then used ultrashort laser pulses to excite motions in the material, which cause the scattering pattern to change over time. ombined with theoretical calculations,
The research was published September 14 in Nature Photonics. Today cellular and Wi-fi networks rely on microwaves to carry voice conversations and data.
the optical rectennas could provide a new technology for photodetectors that would operate without the need for cooling,
or other material that would produce flexible solar cells or photodetectors. Cola sees the rectennas built so far as simple proof of principle.
Devices such as solar cells and photosensors work better if the crystals grow vertically because vertical crystals can be packed more densely in the semiconductor,
The technique relies on analysis of reflected light from short laser pulses to gain information about magnetization. Unfortunately
the physics of optical diffraction limit how small a laser spot can be used, which ultimately limits the resolution of the technique.
For instance, Bartell and colleagues will be looking at using tricks from nanophotonics, such as fabricating gold antennae to excite thermal excitations confined to nanoscale dimensions o
published by SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. Surgical microscopes are specialized highly stereomicroscopes installed on articulated mounts
In the past, surgeons could not see the laser beam through the standard stereomicroscope, nor anatomical details in the NIR images.
Their results are published in the journal Nature Photonics on 19 october. Both cardiac cells in the heart and neurons in the brain communicate by electrical signals,
Their results are published in the journal Nature Photonics. Using computer-generated light patterns, researchers were able to control the direction of spiralling electrical waves in heart cells.
It can also be treated with a procedure called cardiac ablation that burns away the malfunctioning cells using a high-powered laser that threaded into the heart on a catheter.
The laser also damages surrounding cells which can cause artery damage and other serious problems.
and destroy the cells with a far more precise technique that uses low-level red light illumination instead of a high power laser.
and high power lasers char the tissue in the heart. This treatment is much easier and much safer.
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