and the Merck Pharmaceuticals and quickly pressed into clinical trials. Though preliminary, the results of this phase III clinical trial,
Basis of BRETT is the neural circuitry of the human brain which perceives and interacts with everything around it.
Nivolumab is among the set of drugs known as heckpoint inhibitorsthat are developed by a number of pharmaceutical companies.
Those drugs stop cancers by turning off the immune system of human so that it could keep on attacking the harmful tumor.
and drug protocols that can navigate all the inherent complexity of not just the anatomy and physiology being imaged,
Doppler OCT Measures Cocaine Impact on Brain Drugs Enhance SPECT Imaging of Metastatic Cancer Compact Imaging,
Able to rapidly process very large amounts of biomedical imaging data, the system addresses what has been a major bottleneck in pharmaceutical development, according to a team of researchers from the U s. and Australia.
"Pharmaceutical research is awash with cutting-edge equipment that tries to image what is happening at the cellular level
"We recognized that the microscopy part of the drug development pipeline was much slower than it could be designed
and experimental drugs is essential for pharmaceutical research and particularly for cancer treatment. To demonstrate their design, the researchers applied fluorescent dyes to specific molecules within a cell sample.
the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that medical device company Wicab is allowed to market a new device that will help the blind ee.
The sunscreen you buy at your local pharmacy contains ingredients to block two different types of light from the sunv-A,
Though the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been slow to approve new sunscreens in the past, Chemical and Engineering News notes,
the researchers gave them a drug called buspirone, which had been found to induce leg movement in mice with spinal cord injuries, during the final four weeks of the study.
while on the drug, were able to voluntarily move their legs without needing stimulation. Edgerton thinks they were able to achieve this so quickly
The research used zinc oxide (an inorganic compound found in most sunscreens as a fine powder mixed into a lotion) as the UV sensing material,
Neuroscientists have until now been limited to injecting drugs through larger tubes and delivering photostimulation through fiber-optic cables, both
or cannulas, scientists typically use to inject drugs. The device is mounted to the head of the mouse
and contains tiny reservoirs filled with the drugs to be administered during tests. In one such experiment, mice were made to walk in circles after a drug that mimics morphine was injected into the region of the mouse's brain that controls motivation and addiction.
In other tests the scientists used a technique known as optogenetics, where mice have been modified so that their neurons are lights sensitive,
there is already medication available (calcilytics) that could be used to block these proteins. In asthmatics, the immune system essentially misidentifies harmless substances,
Solar cell Made Of Highly Ordered Molecular Frameworks Researchers have developed a functioning organic solar cell consisting of a single component has been produced on the basis of metal-organic framework compounds (MOFS.
The metal-organic solar cell was produced on the basis of this novel porphyrine-MOF. he clou is that we just need a single organic molecule in the solar cell
#Glaxosmithkline Gene Discovery In Poppies Paves Way For Better Painkillers A long sought after gene that is a critical gateway step in the synthesis of the morphinan class of alkaloids,
which include the painkiller drugs morphine and codeine, has been discovered. The gene, called STORR, is only found in poppy species that produce morphinans.
The resulting gene fusion plays a key role in production of morphine. The researchers hope this will enable the breeding of bespoke poppy varieties
Discovery of the STORR gene completes the set of genes needed for genetic engineering of morphine production in microbes such as yeast.
The scientists identified poppy plants that were not able to produce morphine or codeine but instead accumulated another compound called (S)- reticuline.
These mutations cause a roadblock in the pathway to morphine production in poppy plants. The scientists were able to show that the non-mutated wild type gene can overcome the roadblock
The naturally occurring opiates of the morphinan class of alkaloids include morphine, codeine and thebaine.
Morphine and codeine can be used directly as analgesic painkillers. Thebaine is used widely as the starting point for synthesis of a number of semisynthetic opiates including hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, and oxymorphone.
Plants remain a proven and efficient production system delivering Kg amounts per hectare of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) at relatively low cost.
Tim Bowser, Head of R&d for Glaxosmithkline Australia Opiates Division, said, he discovery of the STORR gene provides us with a new tool for molecular plant breeding,
It it also dedicated to biomedical and pharmaceutical research, to develop diagnostics and equipment, applicable to society.
which could be a potential target in the development of new pain relief medications. The researchers also say there are people who have a mutant copy of the gene
#Old antibiotic altered to fight six types of drug-resistant bacteria With antbiotic use becoming more widespread and frequent than ever before,
many forms of bacteria are developing a resistance to these drugs, and it become one of the biggest challenges facing public health today.
ineffective antibiotics could be altered to fight this global problem. Researchers in the US have found that
if they slightly modify an old antibiotic, it could be made effective again in treating six different drug-resistant bacteria that cause various respiratory and sexually transmitted diseases.
The antibiotic called spectinomycin, was developed originally as a treatment for gonorrhoea. It worked by interrupting how cells create proteins,
which was supposed to halt the growth of the bacteria. The thing was, while the drug was safe,
it wasn all that effective, so was removed eventually from the market. More recently, researchers at St jude Children Research Hospital in Memphis revisited the drug,
with an interest in increasing its potency. They were looking specifically at how the drug binds itself to the part of a cell that synthesises proteins, known as the ribosome.
They found that by substituting a benzyl molecule into the antibiotic it could more easily bind to the cell ribosomes to fight a range of bacterial infections. his study demonstrates how classic antibiotics derived from natural products can be redesigned to create semisynthetic compounds to overcome drug resistance, one of the team,
biological chemist Richard Lee, said in a press release. The team went on to develop six compounds that form a new class of antibiotics called aminomethyl spectinomycins.
Further testing showed that these new compounds were effective against a range of bacteria, including"a particularly resistant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae that resists many existing drugs they report.
The antibiotics also were effective in treating five other bacteria that cause the sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhoea and chlamydia
as well as respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and influenza. Publishing the results in Science Translational Medicine, the team observed no serious side effects.
Studies on mice and rats showed the drug could also be used to prolong survival in particularly severe pneumonia,
while previous research published last year in Nature Medicine has shown this class of drugs could also be effective in treating tuberculosis.
The particular variety-known as 1599-appears to be just as effective as current TB drugs on the market,
#Drug based on herpes successfully treats skin cancer patients A modified version of the herpes virus has been used to treat skin cancer patients,
The herpes-based drug, named Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC), has proven so effective, Harrington and his team hope to see it on the market by 2016.
A successful phase 3 trial means the only remaining hurdle for it to be sold commercially in the US and Europe by pharmaceuticals company,
The drug is administered once every two weeks for up to 18 months and while participants in the trial received flu-like side effects after the first few injections, this was far preferable to the side effects that come with chemotherapy drugs.
Of those who took the T-VEC drug, 10 percent of the patients were in'complete remission',
But the drug worked on a quarter of them, even if the cancer had spread to various other organs in the body."
"The team will continue to test out the drug on other forms of cancer through clinical trials,
#A new drug has been found that fast-tracks tissue regeneration In news that sounds like it come straight out of science fiction,
researchers in the US have discovered a drug that rapidly repairs damage to the colon, liver and bone marrow in mice, without any adverse side effects.
The drug hasn been tested on people just yet, but the team are now working on developing it for human use within the next three years,
"We have developed a drug that acts like a vitamin for tissue stem cells, stimulating their ability to repair tissues more quickly."
the team will first look at trialling the drugs in patients have ulcerative colitis, or are about to undergo bone marrow transplants
"The drug heals damage in multiple tissues, which suggests to us that it may have applications in treating many diseases,
The drug, which goes by the un-catchy name of W033291 works by enabling a natural molecule in the body known as prostaglandin E2, or PGE2.
which means it has promise to work as a drug.""Further tests showed that not only did the drug inactivate 15-PGDH in the lab,
it also worked when injected into animal models. In fact, mice given SW033291 recovered normal blood counts after bone marrow transplants six days faster than mice that weren treated.
The drug also almost completely healed mice with ulcers in their colon, and helped mice that had had parts of their liver removed regrow the tissue nearly twice as fast as the control group.
Most impressively, the team tested out the drug on mice that had received lethal doses of radiation before being given a partial bone marrow transplant.
even when extremely high doses of the drug were tested. The next step is to perform safety studies in larger animals.
on the basis of the Genesis account which grants man'dominion'over the earth (cf.
and suggest future avenues for developing effective cancer treatments. ost of the drugs we use to fight cancer are designed to kill cancerous cells.
But the researchers are looking into ways they can use drug treatments and other approaches to restore Apc function,
"That clinical use involves the carbon spheres being coated with polymer-a polymer that can gradually release drugs into the system to fight cancer and other diseases.
the microwave-produced nanoparticles are effective in delivering the drugs where they're needed, and vibrational spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor how the polymers gradually released their payload.
The researchers ran a series of different experiments to check the temperatures required for the drugs to disperse,
"This is a versatile platform to carry a multitude of drugs-for melanoma, for other kinds of cancers and for other diseases,"says Rohit Bhargava."
You can load it with two drugs, or three, or four, so you can do multidrug therapy with the same particles."
"Injecting the wrong amount of medication can lead to significant complications like blindness and limb amputations,
The Argus II received limited Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2013, but this clinical trial set out to show that the device could be used more broadly by testing it over three years.
which is not only responsible for the high associated with the drug-plus hallucinations, delusions, memory loss, and feelings of anxiety or calm-it also been shown to slow tumour growth in mice.
And now, scientists have figured out that the mechanisms by which the drug delivers its desired medical effects
This new research demonstrates how some of the drug's beneficial effects can be separated from its unwanted side effects."
the researchers figured out that negative psychological side-effects of the drug, such as memory defects, mood swings, anxiety,
and paranoia, were triggered by a single pathway in the brain that was separate from the pathway that triggers the drug cancer-killing properties.
In an effort to better understand the drug ability to cause these negative effects, the team isolated this particular pathway
which suggested that the drug was acting on both at the same time. To figure out what effect this was having,
"For me, the ideal drug would be in one of two scenarios: a drug that does not recognise the THC cannabinoid receptor when near serotonin,
or alternatively a drug you could add with THC that would provide that Chinese wall between the two,
"he told Wired d
#New blood test can detect the early stages of pancreatic cancer An international team of researchers has developed a simple blood test that has so far been 100 percent accurate in detecting pancreatic cancer in its early stages.
During the final four weeks of training, the men were given also a drug called buspirone,
which was supported by the drug firm Merck, THE WHO and the Canadian, Norwegian and Guinean governments, is now continuing in children between the ages of 13 and 17.
Because of this developing drugs that prevent BACE1 from cleaving APP is a central focus of Alzheimer's research.
While knocking out Gnt-III is feasible in mice a drug that inhibits Gnt-III in the brain has the potential to be an effective treatment for reducing A?
Towards this end Kizuka and colleagues are using a novel screening procedure in collaboration with the RIKEN Program for Drug discovery and Medical Technology Platforms to search for Gnt-III inhibitors s
researchers can deliver chemicals, drugs, and DNA directly into a single cell. But existing electroporation methods require high electric field strengths
and who supports medical research as well as resulting patents publications and new drug and device approvals.
Industry reduced early-stage research favoring medical devices bioengineered drugs and late-stage clinical trials particularly for cancer and rare diseases.
"We think that this new approach could ultimately form the basis for future superconducting electronics,
#More clues to how drug reverses obesity diabetes fatty liver disease In addition to illuminating how the drug amlexanox reverses obesity diabetes
and fatty liver disease the findings suggest a new pathway for future treatments. The research was published Jan 12 in Nature Communications.
Investigators in the lab of Alan Saltiel the Mary Sue Coleman Director of U-M's Life sciences Institute had discovered previously that this drug
and insulin resistance in part by resolving chronic inflammation and increasing energy expenditure but that's not the whole story of the drug's effects said Shannon Reilly first author of the study.
Understanding how the drug also enables crosstalk between fat cells and the liver in obese mice allows us to see more of the amlexanox picture
In 2013 the researchers discovered that amlexanox an off-patent drug currently prescribed for the treatment of asthma and other uses reversed obesity diabetes and fatty liver in mice.
#Mechanism leading to drug resistance metastasis in melanoma patients discovered Moffitt Cancer Center researchers have discovered a mechanism that leads to resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma patients
when compared to the adverse effects of standard chemotherapeutic drugs. However, patients often develop resistance to these targeted therapies,
Drugs that target B-Raf or another protein in the same network called MEK have proved effective in clinical trials.
Moffitt researchers found that patients who are on B-Raf inhibitor drugs develop more new metastases than patients who are on standard chemotherapy.
or MEK inhibitor drugs reversed the cells'aggressive behavior.""This suggests that alternate dose scheduling where B-Raf
This suggests that drugs that target Epha2 may prevent the development of new disease in patients who receive B-Raf and B-Raf/MEK inhibitor therapy.
The announcement was made today by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP)--a partnership between the global health nonprofit PATH and WHO--and Serum institute of india Ltd (SIIL),
His work in photovoltaics serves as the basis for commercial modules that hold the current world record in conversion efficiency.
#Newly discovered antibiotic kills pathogens without resistance For years, pathogens'resis tance to antibi otics has put them one step ahead of researchers,
The antibi otic was dis cov ered during a rou tine screening for antimi cro bial mate rial using this method.
the team's work could lead to iden ti fying"other'resistance-`light'antibiotics.""""The researchers')work offers hope that inno va tion
the research team hopes to develop teixobactin into a drug. In 2013, Lewis revealed ground breaking research in a sep a rate paper pub lished By nature that pre sented a novel approach to treat and elim
which could lead to new drug design for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, has been discovered by researchers at Georgia State university.
and we also open up avenues for others to design specific drugs to target this pathway,
So if you want to design a drug, your best bet is to try and make something that looks very similar to this
That's a general strategy for drug design. You want to try and make drugs that look very similar to transition states.
developing a drug to target it could potentially impact multiple cancers. A compound to target Bub1 has been developed
"the Pea pod is important in helping the NICU team facilitate a healthy weight gain in the smallest infants by calculating the amount of lean mass and body fat in the infant on a daily or weekly basis."At the same time,
or in the development of model systems to study diseases and test drugs. Stem cell technology is quickly advancing
and the Vitamin d receptor (VDR)--that play a key role in insulin resistance, providing some of the first evidence that changes in the cellular nucleus underlie the condition and offering a promising new route for the development of drug
HIV antiviral therapy prevents active HIV cells from replicating and doesn't affect the quiet viruses in sleeping T-cells.
#Predicting superbugs'countermoves to new drugs New drugs are needed desperately but so are ways to maximize the effective lifespan of these drugs.
To accomplish that Duke university researchers used software they developed to predict a constantly-evolving infectious bacterium's countermoves to one of these new drugs ahead of time before the drug is tested even on patients.
In a study appearing in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the team used their program to identify the genetic changes that will allow methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
or MRSA to develop resistance to a class of new experimental drugs that show promise against the deadly bug.
When the researchers treated live bacteria with the new drug two of the genetic changes actually arose just as their algorithm predicted.
This gives us a window into the future to see what bacteria will do to evade drugs that we design before a drug is deployed said co-author Bruce Donald a professor of computer science and biochemistry at Duke.
Developing preemptive strategies while the drugs are still in the design phase will give scientists a head start on the next line of compounds that will be effective despite the germ's resistance mutations.
If we can somehow predict how bacteria might respond to a particular drug ahead of time we can change the drug
and dividing from one cell to two in less than an hour--drug-resistant bacteria are constantly evolving
Since the first antibacterial drugs were introduced in the 1940s bacteria have evolved ways to resist every new antibiotic that has been developed--a process that has been accelerated by the use of antibiotics in livestock to help them gain weight
and in humans to treat viral infections that antibiotics are powerless to cure. My kids are now 15 and 13
and some of the antibiotics they were given when they were little aren't given anymore
For some antibiotics the first drug-resistant bacterial strains don't appear for decades after the drug is introduced
Until now scientists trying to predict the genetic changes that would enable a bacterium to evade a particular drug have had to look up possible mutations from libraries of resistance mutations that have been observed previously.
But this approach falls short when it comes to anticipating how bacteria will adapt to new drugs where the microbes can't be counted on to change in repeatable predictable ways Donald said.
With a new drug there is always the possibility that the organism will develop different mutations that had never been seen before.
and Amy Anderson at the University of Connecticut used a protein design algorithm they developed called OSPREY to identify DNA sequence changes in the bacteria that would enable the resulting protein to block the drug from binding
The team focused on a new class of experimental drugs that work by binding and inhibiting a bacterial enzyme called dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
The drugs called propargyl-linked antifolates show promise as a treatment for MRSA infections but have yet to be tested in humans.
When the scientists treated MRSA with the new drugs and sequenced the bacteria that survived more than half of the surviving colonies carried the predicted mutation that conferred the greatest resistance--a tiny change that reduced the drugs'effectiveness by 58-fold.
The researchers are now using their algorithm to predict resistance mutations to other drugs designed to combat pathogens like E coli and Enterococcus.
We might even be able to coax a pathogen into developing mutations that enable it to evade one drug
but that then make it particularly susceptible to a second drug like a one-two punch.
Their computational approach could be especially useful for forecasting drug resistance mutations in other diseases such as cancer HIV
They produce antimicrobial peptides that help fend off invading bacteria and other pathogens. It was thought that once the skin barrier was broken it was entirely the responsibility of circulating (white blood cells like neutrophils
It was known not that adipocytes could produce antimicrobials let alone that they make almost as much as a neutrophil.
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant forms of S. aureus is a significant problem worldwide in clinical medicine.
More importantly these fat cells produced high levels of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) called cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide or CAMP.
whose fat cells did not express sufficient antimicrobial peptides in general and CAMP in particular. In all cases they found the mice suffered more frequent and severe infections.
For example current drugs designed for use in diabetics might be beneficial to other people who need to boost this aspect of immunity.
and more affordable way to examine biomolecular behavior opening the door for scientists in virtually any laboratory worldwide to join the quest for creating better drugs.
Wong who is also Assistant professor at Harvard Medical school in the Departments of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology and Pediatrics and Investigator at the Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital calls the new
Interactions between these molecules like the successful binding of a drug compound with its intended target such as a protein receptor on a cancer cell cause the shape of the DNA strand to change from an open and linear shape to a closed loop.
and cartilage grafts without the need for anti-rejection drugs, and the donor tissue becomes part of the joint.
While medial temporal lobe epilepsy is a very common form of epilepsy it is also frequently resistant to medications.
The overall prognosis for patients with drug-resistant medial temporal lobe epilepsy includes a higher risk for memory and mood difficulties.
The approach opens up new possibilities for the study of biomedical processes as well as for applications in biotechnology, chemistry, and pharmacy."
and equipping it with functions on the basis of rationally designed protein building blocks. This is a fundamentally new approach for biology, biotechnology,
The team is collaborating with further research groups at the ZBSA, the Faculty of chemistry and Pharmacy, the Faculty of biology, the Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK),
Medical research can take years to move from bench to bedside as can US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.
Mr. Goldstein originally came to the Feinstein Institute as a molecular biologist working with cells chemicals and drugs.
Human patients would likely take a pill each morning to help control their diabetes March said d
sponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), that used a new stent graft that can repair the aortic aneurysm without the need to open the chest."
It will be immediately relevant to many areas of fundamental cell biology research and practical applications such as drug discovery.
New Molecular Target Identified A drug already approved for treating other diseases may be useful as a treatment for cerebral malaria, according to researchers at Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public health.
"However, the real importance of this work is the identification of unexpected molecular pathways underlying cerebral malaria that we can now target with existing drugs."
Even patients who receive early treatment with standard antimalarial chemotherapeutic agents run a high risk of dying,
trials in humans for cerebral malaria treatment with this drug may be possible, according to the researchers e
the bone that is to be operated on is reconstructed first in 3d on the basis of an CT SCAN,
Knowledge about the genetic basis of these structures provides important insights into how the brain develops said Professor Donohoe.
and to understanding the basis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as schizophrenia Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.
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