#Antibiotics bacteria resistance genes found in dust from feedlots The study was published online in the National Institutes of Environmental science's peer-reviewed journal Environmental Health Perspectives.
It is the first study documenting aerial transmission of antibiotic resistance from an open-air farm setting.
if the amounts of these materials were dangerous to human health it helped explain a previously uncharacterized pathway by which antibiotic-resistant bacteria could travel long distances into places inhabited by humans.
The findings come weeks after a report commissioned by British Prime minister David cameron concluded that failure to battle drug-resistant infections
and people are raising red flags about antibiotic resistance all the time Smith said. Microbes are pretty promiscuous with their genetic information
Everyone is fairly certain antibiotic resistance comes from extensive use of antibiotics in animal-based agriculture.
About 70 percent of all antibiotics used are for animal agricultural purposes. Overuse contributes to antibiotic resistance.
But how does it happen? How does it get from where the drugs are used into the human environment and natural environment?
Smith said scientists collected air samples upwind and downwind of each feedlot. After analysis they found greater amounts of bacteria antibiotics
and DNA sequences responsible for antibiotic resistance downwind of the feedlots compared to upwind which helped scientists determine the source of the materials they found.
Because the antibiotics are present on the particulate matter with bacteria the selective pressure for bacteria to retain their resistance remains during their flight said Greg Mayer an associate professor of molecular toxicology at the institute.
With wind blowing regularly on the Southern High Plains the antibiotics and bacteria can travel on the dust and particulate matter far from the original starting point at the feedlot.
Add the infamous West Texas dust storms into the picture and these materials have the potential to travel hundreds of miles into cities and towns and possibly around the globe.
I think implications for the spread of some feedlot-derived antibiotic-resistant bacteria into urban areas is paramount to the research Mayer said.
or whether it still has antibiotic resistant bacteria on it. However this study is proof of the principle that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could plausibly travel through the air.
Further studies are needed now to show where the particulate matter is traveling and what is happening to its passengers
Eventually, the cancer cells no longer respond to the drug and the tumor spreads again. Evidently, the cancer cells have found new ways to grow.
especially combined with other drugs that are already available e
#New technique for growing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells This week in the journal Science, Los alamos National Laboratory researchers reveal a new solution-based hot-casting technique
"The study could help identify people who would most benefit from new drugs designed to save brain cells,
#Erectile dysfunction drugs could protect liver from sepsis-induced damage Infection can lead to the release of chemicals that cause whole-body inflammation
Sepsis is a very challenging problem so the possibility that we might be able to repurpose a drug that is in use and well understood is very exciting Dr. Billiar said.
The researchers found in a mouse model of sepsis that sildenafil more commonly known as Viagra induced the liver to produce greater amounts of a protein called CYCLIC GMP
Experiments with human liver cells also showed the protective effects of the drug. Our study suggests that increasing the bioavailability of CYCLIC GMP might be beneficial in ameliorating the inflammation associated with sepsis Dr. Billiar said.
Sildenafil and other ED drugs might be a good approach to try early in the course of the illness to forestall organ damage.
and drug resistance than many current drugs says Douglas Robinson Ph d. a professor of cell biology in the Institute for Basic Biomedical sciences at Johns hopkins university School of medicine.
We think the new screening system we devised will help identify drugs for many other diseases as well.
Most drug screens look for an effect on a specific biochemical pathway that has been linked to disease;
The drug is already in use in some countries as a treatment for jaundice so if it shows success against pancreatic cancer it could potentially make it to market relatively quickly Robinson says.
But even if that doesn't happen the study demonstrates that the new drug screen has great potential he says s
Use of nanotechnology in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals A Faculty of science Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) lecturer Professor Dr Mahiran Basri not only succeeded in producing new useful substances made of oils
Professor Mahiran said in pharmaceuticals an innovation has produced successfully a drugs delivery method to penetrate the'blood brain barrier'especially for diseases that are associated with the brain such as Alzheimer Parkinson epilepsy and meningitis.
Drugs are normally hard to make reach beyond the'blood brain barrier'.'Thus we created drugs through nanotechnology
and that way we hope they are more effective she said. She added the innovation has been tested on animals
co-author Paul Insel, MD, professor of pharmacology and medicine.""It suggested to us that this signaling pathway is involved in other immune-related functions."
However in spite of intensive research a laser source that is compatible with the manufacturing of chips is not yet achievable according to the head of Semiconductor Nanoelectronics (PGI-9). The basis of chip manufacturing is silicon an element of main group IV of the periodic table.
helps explain the biologic basis of these diseases and suggests targets for drug treatments and gene therapy, said Daiger, the report's senior author and holder of the Thomas Stull Matney Ph d. Endowed Professorship in Environmental and Genetic sciences at UTHEALTH School of Public health."
"The challenge now is to block the activity of these mutations and clinical trials are underway to do just that,
Since the advent of biotechnology, researchers have modified bacteria to produce therapeutic drugs or antibiotics. In this novel study, they have actually become a diagnostic tool.
and it's something we think we can drug. If we can control this process with small molecules,
#Intravenous nutrition source could reduce side effects of chemotherapy Platinum-based drugs, including cisplatin, carboplatin and oxyplatin, have been used to treat cancer for more than 35 years.
Many of the side effects of these drugs occur when the drug settles in healthy tissue.
To deliver these drugs in a more targeted way, researchers have created nanoscale delivery systems engineered to make the drug reach
and accumulate at the tumor site. However, tests of these nanodrugs show that only between one and 10 percent of the drugs are delivered to the tumor site
with the majority of the remainder being diverted to the liver and spleen.''The body's immune system, especially the liver and spleen, has been one of the biggest stumbling blocks in developing nanoscale chemotherapy drug delivery systems,
'When the drugs collect in those organs, they become less available to treat the cancer,
Twenty-four hours after the drug was administered, the researchers found that pre-treatment with Intralipid reduced the accumulation of the platinum-based drug by 20.4 percent in the liver, 42.5 percent in the spleen and 31.2 percent in the kidney.
Consequently, in these organs, the toxic side effects of the nanodrug decreased significantly. Furthermore, the researchers found that Intralipid pre-treatment allowed more of the drug to remain available and active in the body for longer periods of time.
After five hours availability of the drug was increased by 18.7 percent, and after 24 hours it was increased by 9. 4 percent.
The researchers believe that this increased availability will allow more of the drug to reach the tumor site,
and could perhaps also allow clinicians to reduce the dosage needed to treat a patient.
#Drug-induced tissue regeneration demonstrated by scientists A study led by Ellen Heber-Katz, Phd, of the Lankenau Institute for Medical Research (LIMR), part of Main line Health (MLH),
included Yong Zhang, Phd (LIMR), Iossif Strehin, Phd (Allergan), and Phillip Messersmith, Phd (University of California, Berkeley)."
the drug-treated mice showed a pattern of molecular changes indistinguishable from that observed in MRL mice during regeneration in response to injury, confirming HIF-1a as a central driver of healthy regeneration of lost
so exciting about what we saw with drug-induced stabilization of HIF-1a.""Heber-Katz and her collaborators plan to move ahead to modify the drug delivery system to achieve an ideal formulation,
which they will use to investigate regrowth potential in many types of tissues.""This remarkable work has vast importance in medicine
Antiviral antibodies in the blood find and bind to their target epitopes within the displayed peptides.
Elledge says the approach his team has developed is limited not to antiviral antibodies. His own lab is also using it to look for antibodies that attack a body's own tissue in certain autoimmune diseases that are associated with cancer.
using broad-spectrum antibiotics. These powerful combinations of potent drugs are often effective, but using them routinely raises the risk of deadly multidrug-resistant bacteria emerging.
The new QPIU technology promises to deliver better point-of-care diagnostics by reducing the time it takes to specifically identify bacteria
allowing doctors to prescribe the best drugs available to treat an infection and improving outcomes for people with hospital-acquired infections--though the effectiveness of the approach remains to be proven in future clinical trials.
if they can distinguish between several types of bacterial subgroups--to identify the most drug resistant or virulent strains from the innocuous ones.
"In the case of IPF, the researchers now want to establish a drug screening assay and begin clinical trials with an FKBP10 inhibitor,
She notes that anti-CXCR4 drugs are already in preliminary testing for treating certain forms of myeloid leukemia,
Co-senior study investigator and cancer biologist Iannis Aifantis, Phd, says the study offers the first evidence that"drugs targeting
"Our ultimate hope would be to use these findings to create a lipoxin-based drug for obese people to help protect them against associated illnesses, such as kidney and liver disease,
"It wouldn't be a traditional'diet drug.''It doesn't reduce body weight. However, it may help obese patients avoid the dangers of obesity
It might even be possible to develop drugs to target the programming mechanisms within the bone marrow,
as well as screening and translation of new classes of drugs,'Singh said d
#'Chromosome shattering'seen in plants, cancer Plants can undergo the same extreme'chromosome shattering'seen in some human cancers and developmental syndromes,
A drug that counteracts the development of aggregates could be used to treat a whole range of brain diseases
In this new research, the authors aimed to determine changes in gut barrier function (as determined by intestinal permeability and antimicrobial peptide concentrations) as well as disease markers in CD, in response to Vitamin d supplementation.
In addition, patients with the highest blood levels of Vitamin d had reduced signs of inflammation (measured by C reactive-protein protein and antimicrobial peptides),
and antimicrobial peptide measures in a CD cohort. Whilst the data requires further confirmation, it broadly supports evidence from previous experimental studies that suggest a role for Vitamin d in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity."
Among other things, so-called'interferons'play an important role in antiviral defense. These are special proteins
They discovered that both messenger substances act jointly to optimally fight rotavirus by triggering the formation of antiviral proteins particularly in the epithelial cells of the intestine;
So just like bacteria pick up resistance to things like antibiotics and heavy metal toxicity, this bacterium"picked up a genetic element that's now allowing it to detoxify uranium,
--and can perhaps be used to target unsavory antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial pathogens and occasionally in beneficial bacteria.'
This device is the basis for a unique miniaturized and versatile SERDS spectroscopy system, enabling in-situ measurements in various security and health relevant fields including biology, medicine, food control, and pharmacy.
Applications in absorption spectroscopy and for generating terahertz radiation are also conceivable. Arrayfiber-coupled demonstrators newly developed at FBH for industrial use aim at integrating laser radiation with high spectral brightness into various systems
as well as for the identification of new targets for drug therapy.''The identification of more than one stem cell pool in the colon has proven challenging,'stresse Asfaha.'
such as the creation of manufactured goods, biofuels and therapeutic drugs. Lead author of the study Professor Rudolf Allemann,
such as the production of food, textiles, detergents, pharmaceuticals and other chemicals where environmentally friendly methods are of ever increasing importance."
Drugs were designed to bind strongly to DHFR to prevent it from working, which would stop rapidly reproducing cells--such as cancer cells--from proliferating.
The ability to print antibiotics in topographical patterns could address the need for"smart"bandages,
Chlorhexidine is a proven antimicrobial agent, used widely to prevent and treat a range of infections,
'Research shows there is a clear need for long-acting antimicrobial products used in fillings and cements for crowns, bridges and orthodontic braces
which are especially prone to infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as MRSA.''''We will be using the Venture Prize award money to help us develop a robust and scalable manufacturing process,
most of our drugs take a shot at a tire here and there, but sometimes they miss
or find the best drug for the individual patient to further personalize medical care.""This paper is the first report we know of translating this fingerprint into patient tissues,
A metal-organic solar cell produced on the basis of this novel porphyrine-MOF is presented now by the researchers in the journal Angewandte Chemie (Applied Chemistry.
scientists isolated the special bone marrow stem cell type, the CD271+mesenchymal stem cells, from the drug treated mice.
The scientists found that despite months of drug treatment Mtb could be recovered from the CD271+stem cells.
Vasquez is the James T. Delucio Regents Professor in the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology at The University of Texas at Austin.'
and proliferation of these neuron-damaging compounds--a discovery that may accelerate the development of new drugs to treat this incurable disease.
Their findings also advance a new drug-discovery approach: stopping the cellular transfer of the seeding compounds.
"Evaluating whether a drug prevents seeding will be much quicker than longitudinal assessment of symptoms, added study co-leader Zhiqun Tan, an associate researcher at the UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological disorders (UCI MIND.
The Argus II received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval as a Humanitarian Use Device (HUD) in 2013,
so it's pretty early in the process of seeing where a small molecule drug might interdict these interactions,
or proteins that could be targeted by drugs, eventually leading to new medicines to fight cancer r
and provide the basis for developing new and more effective therapies s
#Iron: A biological element? Arrayclark Johnson, a professor of geoscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
#Gel that can make drugs last longer A drug-delivering hydrogel has been developed to treat chronic diseases such as hepatitis C a liver disease that kills around 500,000 people worldwide every year.
Researchers at the Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) of A*STAR have developed a drug-delivering hydrogel to treat chronic diseases such as hepatitis C a liver disease that kills around 500,000 people worldwide every year."
"The new gel from IBN prevents premature drug release in the body. This allows for long-term drug delivery
and reduces the side effects from frequent drug administration. We hope that our solution can improve the treatment
and well-being of patients suffering from chronic diseases such as hepatitis C,"said IBN Executive director Professor Jackie Y. Ying.
The standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C infections includes a weekly injection of a protein drug called PEGYLATED interferon.
Previously, it had not been possible to use hydrogels to deliver drugs with long-term efficacy because controlling the drug release rate is difficult.
Most hydrogels have a porous structure which will cause the encapsulated drugs to leak prematurely
and be eliminated rapidly from the body. The researchers led by IBN Team Leader and Principal Research Scientist Dr Motoichi Kurisawa have found a way to regulate the drug release rate
and duration by creating a gel with 3d microscopic structures of a polymer compound called polyethylene glycol (PEG) that resembles"reservoirs."
"These microscopic structures function as a"reservoir"for the PEGYLATED interferon drugs, because of the presence of the PEG compound on the drugs.
This property prevents the contents from leaking prematurely. The drugs will also flow in and out of the many"reservoirs"in the gel before it is released out to the body.
This helps to slow down the drug diffusion rate. The duration of the drug action can also be controlled by changing the size of the microscopic structures.
The study by the IBN researchers showed that a onetime administration of the hydrogel containing the PEGYLATED interferon medication was as effective as eight injections of the medication alone
and that the effect of the drugs can last up to two months. The hydrogels will degrade naturally
and be eliminated from the body once the drugs are released fully.""Our hydrogels can significantly extend the half-life of hepatitis C drugs by up to 10 times longer than current treatment.
Half-life is taken the time for the amount of drugs in the body to be reduced by half,
and is a standard indicator of the duration of drug action. This work improves the therapeutic efficiency of the drugs,
while reducing the need for frequent injections, "said Dr Kurisawa. The study was published recently in the leading journal, Biomaterials,
and conducted in collaboration with the Institute of Molecular and Cell biology of A*STAR. Up to 150 million people globally suffer from chronic hepatitis C infections according to the World health organization."
"I believe that our method can pave the way for more effective and safe treatment of hepatitis C. We are also testing the microstructured gel for the treatment of other chronic diseases besides hepatitis C,"added Dr Kurisawa.
Story Source: The above post is reprinted from materials provided by The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR.
Microstructured dextran hydrogels for burst-free sustained release of PEGYLATED protein drugs. Biomaterials, 2015; 63: 146 DOI:
The research group of Professor Shigeo Murata at the University of Tokyo Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences used mass spectroscopy, capable of identifying unknown substances,
With this finding, the researchers believe theye found a possible drug target for colon cancer patients who lack the tumor suppressor AIM2. everal studies
Wilson said the researchers believe their findings mean that drugs used to inhibit Akt could be used as a personalized therapy for people who don have AIM2. ur research paves the way for future clinical trials that screen for AIM2 expression in colon cancer
"The basis for the ultrasound sensor is an array of MEMS ultrasound devices with highly uniform characteristics,
It may also prove useful in discovering concealed goods in the retail industry or for non-destructive monitoring, for example quality control in drugs or food.
By selecting a specific type on the basis of its pore shape, we were able to convert lactic acid directly into the building blocks for PLA without making the larger by-products that do not fit into the zeolite pores.
The discovery could be the first step in developing a new drug to treat malaria. The scientists--funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC)
Understanding the pathways the parasite uses means that future drugs could be designed precisely to kill the parasite
and if it can be targeted by drugs we could see something that stops malaria in its tracks without causing toxic side-effects."
"It is a great advantage in drug discovery research if you know the identity of the molecular target of a particular drug and the consequences of blocking its function.
It helps in designing the most effective combination treatments and also helps to avoid drug resistance which is a major problem in the control of malaria worldwide."
"According to the World health organization malaria currently infects more than 200 million people world wide and accounts for more than 500,000 deaths per year.
with the parasite continually working to find ways to survive our drug treatments. By combining a number of techniques to piece together how the malaria parasite survives,
The researchers argue that the drug could be cheaper to produce, less harmful to healthy cells than existing treatments and has been shown to be active against cancer cells
which have become resistant to platinum-based drugs. The experiments conducted by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute comprising 809 cancer cell lines found that FY26 was 49 times more potent than cisplatin.
The new drug works by forcing cancer cells to use their mitochondria, the'power house'of a cell,
the drug causes the cancer cell to die. Lead researcher Professor Peter Sadler of the University of Warwick's Department of chemistry, said explains:"
"Commenting on the drug's benefits when compared to existing platinum-based drugs, such as Cisplatin,
Professor Sadler says:""Platinum-based drugs are used in nearly 50%of all chemotherapeutic regimens and exert their activity by damaging DNA
and cannot select between cancerous and non-cancerous cells. This can lead to a wide-range of side-effects from renal failure to neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, nausea and vomiting.""
but our new osmium compound with its different mechanism of action, remains active against cancer cells that have become resistant to drugs such as Cisplatin."
"It is clear that a new generation of drugs is necessary to save more lives
whether p53 inhibitors could provide the basis of a future treatment to prevent microcephaly.""It is early to say that we have a treatment proposal for humans
With this knowledge, researchers can now test ER-stress blocking drugs in the clinic, and carry out fundamental research on how different types of pain grouped under the name"neuropathic"differ from each other
and respond to new drugs. The study provides convincing evidence for a novel concept as to
what causes neuropathic pain said John Imig, professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the Medical College of Wisconsin,
and Physiology and Pharmacology, in the OHSU School of medicine.""A failed IVF attempt takes an emotional toll on a woman who is anticipating a pregnancy as well as a financial toll on families, with a single IVF treatment costing thousands and thousands of dollars per cycle.
and whether drugs could be developed to stop it from happening.""North West Cancer Research (NWCR) has funded the research as part of a collaborative project between the University of Warwick and the University of Liverpool,
"Efforts to treat glioma with traditional drug and radiation therapies have not been very successful, "says Jessica Tucker, Ph d.,NIBIB Director for the Program in Gene and Drug Delivery Systems and Devices."
"The ability to successfully deliver genes using these biodegradable nanoparticles, rather than potentially harmful viruses, is a significant step that reinvigorates the potential for gene therapy to treat deadly gliomas as well as other cancers."
the treatment doesn't carry the risk of side effects that are associated often with drug treatments."
The study, published online July 13th in Cancer cell, offers a target for the development of a drug that could prevent metastasis in prostate cancer,
Although not all molecules are turned easily into drugs, at least one pharma company has developed already a drug that inhibits DNA-PKCS,
and is currently testing it in a phase 1 study (NCT01353625.""We are enthusiastic about the next step of clinical assessment for testing DNA-PKCS inhibitors in the clinic.
#New compounds may treat depression rapidly with few side effects Array"Our results open up a whole new class of potential antidepressant medications,
"Currently, most people with depression take medications that increase levels of the neurochemical serotonin in the brain.
The most common of these drugs, such as Prozac and Lexapro, are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIS.
In addition, even when these drugs work, they typically take between three and eight weeks to relieve symptoms.
Arraytumor genotype plays an important role in drug resistance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer,
#Potential of blue LEDS as novel chemical-free food preservation technology A team of scientists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has found that blue light emitting diodes (LEDS) have strong antibacterial
they have also been known to have an antibacterial effect. Bacterial cells contain light sensitive compounds that adsorb light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum (400-430 nm),
Existing studies on the antibacterial effect of LED illumination mostly evaluated its efficacy by adding photosensitisers to the food samples
can affect the antibacterial effect of LEDS. In this study, the team placed three major foodborne pathogens--Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli o157:
and found the antibacterial effect to be enhanced most in chilling temperatures. Asst Prof Yuk said,
The findings of the research team will provide an important basis for further translational research on the development of pulmonary fibrosis*and chronic lung diseases in general,
#Nanospheres shield chemo drugs, safely release high doses in response to tumor secretions Scientists have designed nanoparticles that release drugs in the presence of a class of proteins that enable cancers to metastasize.
That is, they have engineered a drug delivery system so that the very enzymes that make cancers dangerous could
and deliver a payload of drug, "said Cassandra Callmann, a graduate student in chemistry and biochemistry at the University of California, San diego,
Callmann created tiny spheres packed with the anticancer drug paclitaxel (also known by the trade names Taxol and Onxal) and coated with a peptide shell.
MMPS tear up that shell releasing the drug. The shell fragments form a ragged mesh that holds the drug molecules near the tumor.
The work, led by Nathan Gianneschi a professor of chemistry and biochemisty at UC San diego, builds on his group's earlier sucess using a similar strategy to mark tumors for both diagnosis and precise surgical removal.
To package the drug into the spheres, Callmann had to add chemical handles. As it turns out, a group of atoms essential to the drug molecule's effectiveness,
and also toxicity, made for a good attachment point. That means the drug was inactivated as it flowed through the circulatory system until it reached the tumor.
The protection allowed the researchers to safely give a dose 16 times higher than they could with the formulation now used in cancer clinics,
using a single lower dose of the drug. In mice treated with the nanoparticles coated with peptides that are impervious to MMPS or given saline,
We'll test this in other models--with other classes of drug and in mice with a cancer that mimics metastatic breast cancer, for example."
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