They constructed the outer layer out of cationicor positively chargedsegments of the polymers. For inside the carrier, they secured the drug with hydrophobic and ph-responsive polymers.
The positively charged outer layer of the carrier is able to stay in place at the surface of the teeth
because the enamel is made up, in part of HA (hydroxyapatite), which is negatively charged. Just as oppositely charged magnets are attracted to each other,
or Antimony-Telluride (Sb2te3) alloys and had a peak efficiency (zt) of 1. 1, meaning the electricity going in was only slightly less than the heat coming out.
Since the 1960's there have been incremental advancements in alloy technology used in Peltier devices.
and Materials science department at California Institute of technology California, USA have formulated a new method for creating a novel and much more efficient TE alloy.
TE alloys are special because the metals have an incredibly high melting point. Instead of melting the metals to fuse them,
they are combined through a process called sintering which uses heat and/or pressure to join the small,
metallic granules. The joint team, including IBS researchers, used a process called liquid-flow assisted sintering
which combined all three antimony, bismuth and telluride granules into one alloy (Bi0. 5sb1. 5te3).
Additional melted tellurium was used as the liquid between the Bi0. 5sb1. 5te3 granules to help fuse them into a solid alloy,
Institute for Basic Science) By creating the alloy this way, the joints between the fused grains,
This new thermoelectric alloy paves the way for the future of modern TE devices s
Polycarbonate skeleton of robot, testing apparatus, fully blown membrane (last two pix. click on image to enlarge) This ground-breaking research was published in Bioinspiration
The end result is a polycarbonate 3d printed streamlined skeleton which had no moving parts (Fig. 1) and no energy storage device other than a thin elastic outer membrane.
If you put polymer chains on the surface that are attracted to the solvent, the particles will bounce off each other
and boron nitride (Nanowerk News) The research group led by Professor Yuichi Ikuhara (also appointed as a professor at Tokyo University), Associate professor Zhongchang Wang and Assistant professor Chunlin Chen at the Advanced Institute for Materials Research
in collaboration with Group Leader Takashi Taniguchi at the National Institute for Materials science (NIMS) and Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC), succeeded for the first time in identifying the atomic structure and bonding mechanism in coherent interfaces between diamond
, the hardest known material, and cubic boron nitride, the second hardest, using a state-of-the-art super-high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope and first-principles calculation.
The research group has attempted to develop new functional materials by focusing on lattice defects in crystals
and extensive theoretical calculation based on first principles, the group revealed that in coherent interfaces between diamond and cubic boron nitride,
This study was published in the online version of the UK scientific journal Nature Communications("Misfit accommodation mechanism at the heterointerface between diamond and cubic boron nitride
said study lead author Ashwin Atre, a graduate student in the lab group of Jennifer Dionne, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering.
shape and size of the polymers. Based on these findings, the team developed a new photolithographic technology that enabled the production of micropatterns with three-dimensional structures in various shapes and sizes.
and thus control the shape and size of the polymer. The use of the polymerization inhibitors enabled
and facilitated the fabrication of complex, three-dimensional micropatterns. Professor Kim said, hile 3d printing is considered an innovative manufacturing technology,
His newest technology will enhance the manufacturing process of three-dimensional polymers which were considered difficult to be commercialized.
and optimal precious metal use. Researchers are optimistic that the approach can be applied readily to other multimetallic catalysts
ACS (click on image to enlarge) The researchers investigated the polymer xylan which comprises a third of wood matter.
"Using advanced NMR techniques we found that the xylan polymer, which comprises about a third of wood,
Using atomic force microscopy the researchers identified that at around 120 C in the crystal formed a bilayer crystal phase.
resulting from the phase transition from a monolayer to a bilayer crystal structure in mono-alkylated liquid crystalline molecules may lead to the possibility of designing new materials for the burgeoning field of printed electronics."
and single-crystal structures of the ac (middle) and ab planes (bottom). Right: Output characteristics of FETS fabricated using the polycrystalline thin films as-coated (top)
Background Small-molecule versus polymer FETS The main issues around organic semiconductor FETS with small molecules are the low thermal durability.
The same bonding that makes the molecules soluble for printing fabrication processes also leaves them prone to low melting points,
Attempts to use polymers with benzene-like delocalised electron bonding alleviated issues around the thermal durability to a certain extent.
such as reproducible synthesis and purification of the polymers, as well as control of crystallinity and the molecular orientations towards both the substrate surface and the electrodes.
the researchers concluded that crystal-to-crystal phase change from a monolayer to a bilayer structure was improved responsible for the transistor performance in annealed devices s
ITBM, Nagoya University) Metal-catalyzed C-H borylation of aromatic rings is considered an efficient way to introduce functional groups to make functional molecules via a boryl moiety.
and materials science for creating benzene-containing functional molecules, I figured that para-selective C-H functionalization would be an extremely useful technique for the late-stage diversification of core structures.
#Lanthanide-organic framework nanothermometers prepared by spray-drying A work in Advanced Functional Materials shows how spray-drying prepared MOF nanoparticles containing lanthanide metals may be used as nanothermometers operative over a wide range of temperatures
the first lanthanide-organic framework prepared by the spray-drying method. This system is the most sensitive cryogenic nanothermometer reported so far
but lets water through (Nanowerk News) The unassuming piece of stainless steel mesh in a lab at The Ohio State university doesn't look like a very big deal,
Bhushan and postdoctoral researcher Philip Brown chose to cover a bumpy surface with a polymer embedded with molecules of surfactant--the stuff that gives cleaning power to soap and detergent.
They sprayed a fine dusting of silica nanoparticles onto the stainless steel mesh to create a randomly bumpy surface
and layered the polymer and surfactant on top. The silica surfactant, polymer, and stainless steel are all nontoxic
and relatively inexpensive, said Brown. He estimated that a larger mesh net could be created for less than a dollar per square foot.
Because the coating is only a few hundred nanometers (billionths of a meter) thick, it is mostly undetectable.
To the touch, the coated mesh doesn't feel any bumpier than uncoated mesh. The coated mesh is a little less shiny,
The researchers chose silica in part because it is an ingredient in glass, and they wanted to explore this technology's potential for creating smudge-free glass coatings.
Rather than silica, he experiments with molybdenum disulfide nanotubes, which mix well with oil. The nanotubes are approximately a thousand times smaller than a human hair.
who is the senior author of a paper describing the new sensor this week in the journal Angewandte Chemie("Single-Walled carbon nanotube/Metalloporphyrin Composites for the Chemiresistive Detection of Amines and Meat Spoilage").
In this case, the researchers modified the carbon nanotubes with metal-containing compounds called metalloporphyrins, which contain a central metal atom bound to several nitrogen-containing rings.
Hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood, is a metalloporphyrin with iron as the central atom.
In contrast, Nanolives technology detects the physical refractive index of the different cell parts with resolution far beyond the diffraction limit (see Nobel prize 2014 for chemistry.
and digitally paint the part of a cell based on their physical properties (called refractive index). STEVE will automatically define all regions with same refractive index characteristics (different organelles have different optical properties)
and digitally stain them with the same color. This process is quantitative and can be applied for a limitless amount of colors.
"Bimetallic lanthanide complexes that display a ratiometric response to oxygen concentration"in the periodical Chemical sciences and"Spectrally resolved confocal microscopy using lanthanide centred near-IR emission"in Chemical Communications.
so called lanthanides. One lanthanide, europium, emits a constant red signal. The other, terbium, emits a green signal that increases with diminishing oxygen concentrations.
Most physicians should be able to read the oxygen concentration with the naked eye, explains Thomas Just Sørensen."
They have developed touch-sensitive stickers made from flexible silicone and electrically conducting sensors that can be worn on the skin.
The silicone used to fabricate the sensor patches makes them flexible and stretchable. his makes them easier to use in an everyday environment.
combines a highly sensitive imaging system with a method of genetically engineering cells to produce a pigment
the enzyme that produces the pigment melanin in skin. This turns the cells dark brown so they absorb light from the laser
The researchers are now developing other pigments to increase the palette of colours available to label different parts of an organ,
Scientists curve nanoparticle sheets into complex forms (Nanowerk News) Scientists have been making nanoparticles for more than two decades in two-dimensional sheets, three-dimensional crystals and random clusters.
and filled with an electro-optical polymer, and sidewalls made of gold which, at the same time, act as electrodes.
The electro-optical polymer changes its index of refraction as a function of the voltage. The waveguide and the coupler made of silicon route the two parts of a split light beam to the gaps or from the gaps.
The voltage applied to the polymer modulates the surface waves. Modulation is different in both gaps but coherent,
For example, after the implantation of an artificial ureter, urease crystals often start to grow inside
an ARC Australian Laureate Fellow in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at the University of Melbourne, was published today in Advanced Materials("Multifunctional Thrombin-Activatable Polymer Capsules for Specific Targeting to Activated Platelets").
"We can now study the atomic details of microtubule polymerization and depolymerization to develop a complete description of microtubule dynamics,
and it was seen by some as a black sheep of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) family and purposefully ignored.
A TMD crystal follows an MX2 format: there is one transition metal, represented by M m can be Tungsten, Molybdenum, etc.)
and two chalcogenides, the X2 (Sulfur, Selenium, or Tellurium. These atoms form a thin, molecular sandwich with the one metal and two chalcogenides,
and depending on their fabrication method can exist in several slightly different shaped atomic arrangements. The overwhelming majority of microchips that exist in electronics now are made from silicon,
and make one 2d crystal that was composed of the semiconducting 2h-Mote2 and the metallic 1t'-Mote2.
AIMEN Technology Centre, has over 45 years experience in materials science and technology, and industrial R&d in a wide spectrum of applications, from transport to medicine.
and Andrew Alleyne (Mechse)--embedded QDS in novel polymer materials that retain strong quantum efficiency.
They then used electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing technology to precisely print the QD-embedded polymers onto photonic crystal structures.
The current industrial process to reduce carbon dioxide to methanol uses a catalyst of copper, zinc oxide and aluminum oxide.
When the material is a metal, that spot also becomes very hot. The scientists have shown that the same effect can be achieved using their new silicon device, without the associated temperature increase and its unfortunate consequences.
"However the characteristics of metals that make them good at conducting electricity also lead to the undesirable heating effect,
"The cloud of free-moving electrons around a metal that carries an electrical current can also absorb passing photons.
it becomes pure tantalum, a metal. The researchers determined three related factors give the memories their unique switching ability.
It is stronger than steel yet many times lighter more conductive than copper and more flexible than rubber.
on a substrate crystal of nonmagnetic strontium titanate using a method pulsed laser deposition developed many years ago for high-temperature superconductors and multicomponent materials by Prof Venkatesan,
Phd, a team from Drexel's Department of Materials science and engineering created the material-making method, that can sandwich 2-D sheets of elements that otherwise couldn't be combined in a stable way.
"By'sandwiching'one or two atomic layers of a transition metal like titanium, between monoatomic layers of another metal, such as molybdenum,
Double Transition metals Carbides (MXENES)")is significant because it represents a new way of combining elemental materials to form the building blocks of energy storage technology--such as batteries, capacitors and supercapacitors,
as well as superstrong composites--like the ones used in phone cases and body armor. Each new combination of atom-thick layers presents new properties
it is safe to say that this discovery enables the field of materials science and nanotechnology to move into an uncharted territory,
An Elemental Impasse Four years later, the researchers have worked their way through the section of the Periodic table with elements called"transition metals"
it can use this method to make as many as 25 new materials with combinations of transition metals, such as molybdenum and titanium,
"Anasori plans to make more materials by replacing titanium with other metals, such as vanadium, niobium,
structural composites and many other fields, enabling a new level of engineering on the atomic scale
The valleys in the surface roughness typically need to be less than one micron in width, the researchers found.
and without the key surface roughness and submerged them in water. Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months
"The researchers also report that nature uses the same strategy of surface roughness in certain aquatic insects, such as water bugs and water striders.
#Water heals a bioplastic (w/video) A drop of water self-heals a multiphase polymer derived from the genetic code of squid ring teeth,
"What's unique about this plastic is the ability to stick itself back together with a drop of water,
"A squid ring teeth derived plastic being cut in two and self healing with water and pressure.
The polymer can then either be molded using heat or cast by solvent evaporation. The two-part material is a copolymer consisting of an amorphous segment that is soft and a more structured molecular architecture.
The structured portion consists of strands of amino acids connected by hydrogen bonds to form a twisted and/or pleated sheet.
This part also provides strength for the polymer, but the amorphous segment provides the self-healing.
The polymer can either be molded using heat or cast by solvent evaporation. Video: Demirel Lab/Penn State) The researchers created a dog-bone shaped sample of the polymer
and then cut it in half. Using warm water at about 113 degrees Fahrenheit--slightly warmer than body temperature--and a slight amount of pressure with a metal tool,
The LED displays are fabricated on a polyimide substrate and encapsulated in rubber, allowing the displays to be laminated in to textiles that can be washed.
Smaller LEDS are mounted now on an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFT backplane that employs a two-transistor
"says Andrei Faraon (BS'04), an assistant professor of applied physics and materials science, and the study's principal investigator."
and reabsorption and scattering of propagating photons. We replaced the molecular dyes in previous LSC systems with core/shell nanoparticles composed of cadmium selenide (Cdse) cores
and scattering to obtain the optimum nanoparticle, he says. Our use of photonic mirrors that are matched carefully to the narrow bandwidth of our quantum dot lumophores allowed us to achieve waveguide efficiency exceeding the limit imposed by total internal reflection.
"The findings reveal a unique model that enables fast and accurate prediction of novel alloy materials for efficient chemical conversions.
The mixture of two or more metals with very precise atomic structures and compositions as shown great promise for catalyzing many chemical and electrochemical reactions,
In the past, testing of mixed blends of metals has produced novel physical and chemical properties. owever the process is very time-consuming and costly to search for highly optimized alloysusing the conventional approaches, Achenie added.
thus allowing arge scale exploration alloy materials space, according to their article. They specifically concentrated on the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on metal electrodes ecause of the current interest in this process for sustainable production of fuels and value added chemicals,
an extremely useful chemical in industry for making plastics. his study opens a new way for designing metal-based catalysts with complexities, for example, geometry and composition, promoters and poisons, defects,
#Pillared graphene gains strength Rice university researchers discovered that putting nanotube pillars between sheets of graphene could create hybrid structures with a unique balance of strength, toughness and ductility throughout all three dimensions.
the lab assembled three-dimensional computer models of illared graphene nanostructures, akin to the boron nitride structures modeled in a previous study to analyze heat transfer between layers. his time we were interested in a comprehensive understanding of the elastic and inelastic properties
But pillared graphene models showed far better strength and stiffness and a 42 percent improvement in out-of-plane ductility,
Shahsavari said. e believe the principles can be applied to other low-dimensional materials such as boron nitride and molybdenum/tungsten or the combinations thereof. m
based on UNSW Australia research that can predict for the first time which combinations of metals will best form these useful materials.
Just like something from science fiction-think of the Liquid-Metal Man robot assassin (T-1000) in the Terminator films-these materials behave more like glass or plastic than metal.
While still being metals, they become as malleable as chewing gum when heated and can be moulded easily
They are also three times stronger and harder than ordinary metals on average, and are among the toughest materials known."
"They have been described as the most significant development in materials science since the discovery of plastics more than 50 years ago,"says study author, Dr Kevin Laws, from UNSW Australia in Sydney.
Most metals are crystalline when solid, with their atoms arranged in a highly organised and regular manner.
Metallic glass alloys, however, have disordered a highly structure, with the atoms arranged in a non-regular way."
"There are many types of metallic glass, with the most popular ones based on zirconium, palladium, magnesium, titanium or copper.
But until now, discovering alloy compositions that form these materials has required a lengthy process of trial and error in the laboratory,
They have used their model to successfully predict more than 200 new metallic glass alloys based on magnesium
"Metallic glass alloys are expensive to manufacture and to date have only been used in niche products,
potentially enabling the replacement of expensive and rare metals in fuel cells. The new catalyst is based carbon,
a pigment found in plants, fruits and vegetables that can be used as an antioxidant.""The aim was to analyze
In our case the gum wall is a biodegradable polymer that protects the liquid center:
Besides being composed of a biodegradable polymer, it becomes a lactic acid and can easily be discarded.""We tested it in orange, strawberry and watermelon juice at 70 and 90 Degree celsius,
director of Berkeley Lab's Materials sciences Division and a world authority on metamaterials-artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature."
"It is the scattering of light-be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,-from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
and 3d printing techniques to create a custom silicone guide implanted with biochemical cues to help nerve regeneration.
The study appears September 21 in Nature Materials("Sequence Heuristics To Encode Phase Behaviour In Intrinsically Disordered Protein Polymers"."
"These findings will be exciting to both the materials science and the biochemistry communities,"said Quiroz.""They'll be able to push the limits of what we know about these kinds of materials
It has application in devices with high requirements for efficient dissipation and homogenous thermal expansion such as high-power engines, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) instruments, and thermal sensors."
artificial composites that exhibit properties not found in naturally occurring substances. They had designed previously a metamaterial thermal cloak that passively guided conductive heat around a hidden object.
and biocompatible metal electrodes"),pairs gold nanomesh with a stretchable substrate made with polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS.
In materials science,"fatigue"is used to describe the structural damage to a material caused by repeated movement or pressure, known as"strain cycling."
and fatigue has been a deadly disease for metals, "the researchers wrote.""We weaken the constraint of the substrate by making the interface between the Au (gold) nanomesh and PDMS slippery,
"For more than 100 years, researchers have inferred how atoms are arranged in three-dimensional space using a technique called X-ray crystallography,
which involves measuring how light waves scatter off of a crystal. However, X-ray crystallography only yields information about the average positions of many billions of atoms in the crystal,
and not about individual atomsprecise coordinates. t like taking an average of people On earth, Miao said. ost people have a head, two eyes, a nose and two ears.
Because X-ray crystallography doesn reveal the structure of a material on a per-atom basis
and are discussed in many physics and materials science textbooks. Our results are the first experimental determination of a point defect inside a material in three dimensions. f
Adsorption of molecules from solution onto a sensing surface alters the refractive index of the medium near this surface and,
or polymer layers on it. The biosensing sensitivity depends on the properties of chip surface. Higher binding capacity for biomolecules increases the signal levels and accuracy of analysis. The last several years
It is made of a silicon-based polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and has microvalves and fluidic channels to transport the sample between nodes for various sample preparation steps.
The nanoparticle hydrophilic layer essentially locks in the active ingredient, a hydrophobic chemical called padimate O. Some sunscreen solutions that use larger particles of inorganic compounds, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide,
The researchers believe their new method is compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing--an existing method for creating devices in bulk using a roll of flexible plastic and a processing machine.
industrial-quality metal deposited on polymer sheets. First, an electronic mechanical cutter is used to form patterns on the metal-polymer sheets.
Second, after removing excessive areas, the electronics are printed onto any polymer adhesives, including temporary tattoo films.
The cutter is programmable so the size of the patch and pattern can be customized easily.
which includes a photovoltaic cell using a high-quality semiconductor crystal similar to the ones for lasers
Free radicals are produced during the fire cycle as a polymer degrades, and their removal is critical to stopping the fire from continuing to spread.
which blocks fire's access to its fuel source--the polymer. The synergistic combination of both these processes makes polydopamine an attractive and powerful flame retardant.
The researchers then isolated individual pores by placing each graphene sheet over a layer of silicon nitride that had been punctured by an ion beam
and then through the larger silicon nitride hole. The group measured flows of five different salt ions through several graphene sheet setups by applying a voltage and measuring the current flowing through the pores.
Stable whirls in magnetic materials (see figure) were predicted over 25 years ago, but the experimental realization was achieved only recently.
when a nonmagnetic metal is used in such a measurement. n our experiment we can move a metallic tip over a surface with atomic-scale precision,
#Even if imprisoned inside a crystal, molecules can still move X-ray crystallography reveals the three-dimensional structure of a molecule,
thus making it possible to understand how it works and potentially use this knowledge to subsequently modulate its activity, especially for therapeutic or biotechnological purposes.
For the first time, a study has shown that residual movements continue to animate proteins inside a crystal and that this movement"blurs"the structures obtained via crystallography.
The study stresses that the more these residual movements are restricted, the better the crystalline order.
That is why molecules consisting of the most compact crystals generally make it possible to obtain structures of better quality.
This research combines crystallography nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and simulation and is the result of an international cooperation involving researchers from the Institute of Structural biology (ISB, CEA/CNRS/Joseph Fourier University) in Grenoble, France, Purdue University, USA,
X-ray crystallography is the most prolific method for determining protein structures. The quality of a crystallographic structure depends on the"degree of order"within the crystal.
Proteins are generally only a few nanometres in size. Several thousand billion protein molecules must perfectly fit together
Sometimes crystals, which may appear macroscopically perfect, disintegrate if subjected to X-rays, thus destroying their structure.
but this supposedly slow residual dynamic had never been observed directly in a crystal. The researchers at IBS used a multi-technique approach, combining solid-state NMR spectroscopy, simulations of molecular dynamics and X-ray crystallography.
Thanks to solid-state NMR, they were able to measure the dynamics of a model protein, ubiquitin, in three of its crystalline forms.
The less compact the crystal the more unrestrained the movements within it. Accordingly, crystallographic data collected for three types of crystal indicate that the more compact the crystal,
the better it defracts, making it easier to determine the structure of the proteins of which it consists.
These simulations suggest that, within crystals, proteins revolve around each other a few degrees at microsecond speed. As shown through NMR measurements,
this swinging motion"is greater the less compact the crystal a
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