#Discovery about new battery overturns decades of false assumptions New findings at Oregon State university have overturned a scientific dogma that stood for decades,
and charged sidechains (magenta and cyan). The right corner of the top layer of the nanosheet has been emovedto show how the backbone alternating rotational states give the backbones a snake-like appearance (red and blue ribbons.
which are synthetic polymers closely related to protein-forming peptides. The design rule controls the way in
which polymers adjoin to form the backbones that run the length of nanosheets. Surprisingly, these molecules link together in a counter-rotating pattern not seen in nature.
The Berkeley Lab scientists say this never-before-seen design rule could be used to piece together complex nanosheet structures and other peptoid assemblies such as nanotubes and crystalline solids.
and the polymers that make up these backbones are joined all together using the same rule. Each adjacent polymer rotates incrementally in the same direction,
so that a twist runs along the backbone. This rule doesn apply to peptoid nanosheets. Along their backbones, adjacent monomer units rotate in opposite directions.
These counter-rotations cancel each other out, resulting in a linear and untwisted backbone. This enables backbones to be tiled in two dimensions
("Metal/Polymer Based Stretchable Antenna for Constant Frequency Far-Field Communication in Wearable Electronics"."The paper will be the front cover article of the print edition.
The team's flexible and stretchable metal thin-film (copper) antenna for far-field communication up to 80 meters
"We fabricated our antenna using a metal/polymer bilayer process the resulting structure combines the conductivity of the metal
and the elasticity of the polymer and the stretchability is imparted using a lateral spring structure,
"The key reason the antenna needed to be fabricated as a metal/polymer bilayer is that standalone metal thin films are very malleable,
"That means that a metal thin film lateral spring structure cannot be used as a stretchable antenna,
The solution to this problem was to use a polymer backing that provides the restoration force
In a PFM, the spring arm is replaced by a small plastic sphere that sits at the center of a so-called optical trap and runs along the surface.
usually a transition metal oxide. If a voltage is applied then, the ohmic resistance of the storage cell changes.
"The researchers, from the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute and Konkuk University in the Republic of korea, coated cotton and polyester yarn with a nanoglue called bovine serum albumin (BSA.
Conventional methods typically employ static-field elements such as solenoids, which are coils of wire that create uniform magnetic fields, to focus the electron beams.
"UW researchers used chemical vapor deposition to grow graphene nanoribbons on germanium crystals. This technique flows a mixture of methane, hydrogen and argon gases into a tube furnace.
armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison.""The widths can be very,
"Not only are designed our facilities to work with all different sorts of materials from metals to oxides,
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
each face of a crystal (1, 1, 1) will have axes that differ from one (1, 1, 0) to the other (1, 0,
and makes it into a crystal, like an ice cube does to water. Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to
#Super-slick material makes steel better, stronger, cleaner Steel is ubiquitous in our daily lives.
We cook in stainless steel skillets, ride steel subway cars over steel rails to our offices in steel-framed building.
Steel screws hold together broken bones, steel braces straighten crooked teeth, steel scalpels remove tumors.
Most of the goods we consume are delivered by ships and trucks mostly built of steel.
While various grades of steel have been developed over the past 50 years, steel surfaces have remained largely unchanged--and unimproved.
The steel of today is as prone as ever to the corrosive effects of water and salt and abrasive materials such as sand.
Steel surgical tools can still carry microorganisms that cause deadly infections. Now researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) have demonstrated a way to make steel stronger, safer and more durable.
Their new surface coating, made from rough nanoporous tungsten oxide, is the most durable antifouling and anti-corrosive material to date,
capable of repelling any kind of liquid even after sustaining intense structural abuse. The new material joins the portfolio of other nonstick,
antifouling materials developed in the lab of Joanna Aizenberg, the Amy Smith Berylson Professor of Materials science and core faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard university.
Aizenberg's team developed Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces in 2011 and since then has demonstrated a broad range of applications for the super-slick coating, known as SLIPS.
The new SLIPS-enhanced steel is described in Nature Communications("Extremely durable biofouling-resistant metallic surfaces based on electrodeposited nanoporous tungstite films on steel"."
""Our slippery steel is orders of magnitude more durable than any antifouling material that has been developed before,
"said Aizenberg.""So far, these two concepts-mechanical durability and antifouling-were at odds with each other.
We need surfaces to be textured and porous to impart fouling resistance but rough nanostructured coatings are intrinsically weaker than their bulk analogs.
The biggest challenge in the development of this surface was to figure out how to structure steel to ensure its antifouling capability without mechanical degradation.
The team solved this by using an electrochemical technique to grow an ultrathin film of hundreds of thousands of small and rough tungsten-oxide islands directly onto a steel surface."
"Electrochemical deposition is already a widely used technique in steel manufacturing, said Aizenberg.""I don't want to create another line that would cost millions
The team tested the material by scratching it with stainless steel tweezers, screwdrivers, diamond-tipped scribers,
and show anti-biofouling behavior but the tungsten oxide actually made the steel stronger than steel without the coating.
Medical steel devices are one of the material's most promising applications, said Philseok Kim,
#Solving 80-year-old mystery, chemist discovers way to isolate single-crystal ice surfaces A Tufts University chemist has discovered a way to select specific surfaces of single-crystal ice for study,
and why no two snowflakes are alike.""Ice crystals are ubiquitous and could hold the answer to some very important, fundamental questions about our environment,
and why no two snowflakes are said alike Shultz, principal investigator of the Laboratory for Water and Surface Analysis. Those answers could have implications for important issues such as seeding rain clouds and protecting the environment.
and preparing crystals were not reliable and yielded results that were not reproducible.""These limitations hindered scientists'ability to examine the molecular-level structure and dynamics of ice.
called Ih or"ice one h,"is made up of water molecules in a hexagonal crystal shape in an orderly,
she could determine the crystal's lattice orientation as it relates to a surface and use that orientation to make precise cuts of any of the crystal's faces.
The ability to select a desired face is important because it allows researchers to examine molecular-level dynamics
and structure and the way in which other molecules bind to the specific faces of the crystal,
At that point, a reflective metal layer is on the bottom.""In this structure--unlike other photodetectors--light absorption in an ultrathin silicon layer can be much more efficient
which checked its fire, water, wind, impact, acoustic and permeability resistance. The fire test was the most demanding. e had many concerns about it,
due to the new composite materials the façade is made of (glass fibres and an organic binder) and to the complexity of the units.
A particular unit of the façade, called Advanced Passive solar Collector and Ventilation Unit, was required to pass special tests, like acoustic and permeability tests.
and Darrin Pochan, professor and chair of UD's Department of Materials science and engineering. Nagy-Smith did the microscopy
"said Mauricio Terrones, professor of physics, chemistry and materials science at Penn State.""We were previously able to dope graphene with atoms of nitrogen,
#Researchers create transplantation model for 3-D printed constructs Using sugar, silicone and a 3-D printer,
After the gel cured, Miller's team dissolved the sugar, leaving behind a network of small channels in the silicone."
the researchers designed lenses no larger than the head of a pin and embedded them within flexible plastic.
Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars. After the plastic support solidified they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
This approach gave their lenses unprecedented crisp focusing capabilities, as well as the flexibility that enables them to capture a large field of view.
the researchers designed lenses no larger than the head of a pin and embedded them within flexible plastic.
Arrays of lenses formed within a flexible polymer bend and stretch into different configurations. And the researchers can freely reconfigure the shape of the lens array,
Then they seeped a polymer between the silicon nanowire pillars. After the plastic support solidified, they etched away the silicon backing, leaving bull's-eye patterned black silicon embedded in supple plastic.
This approach gave their lenses unprecedented crisp focusing capabilities, as well as the flexibility that enables them to capture a large field of view.
and buckling of graphene on a thermally activated, shrinking polymer substrate. This process enables precise control and optimization of the size and spacing of integrated Au nanoparticles on crumpled graphene for higher SERS enhancement."
with those in materials science, to realise a biological outcome, Professor Wallace said. his paves the way for the use of more sophisticated printers to create structures with much finer resolution. 3d printing of layered brain-like structures using peptide modified gellan gum substrates
The rapid freezing method is able to prevent the water in the tissue from forming crystals,
Water crystals can severely damage the tissue by rupturing its cells. But in this high-pressure freezing method, the water turns into a kind of glass, preserving the original structures and architecture of the tissue.
and the Center for Translational Medicine at Temple University School of medicine (TUSM), shows that the protein, spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7), is the central component of the so-called permeability transition pore (PTP),
The skeletal onesare 3-D-printed hard plastic and incorporate eight sensors for detecting force.
The skeletal onesare 3-D-printed hard plastic and incorporate eight sensors for detecting force.
and even polymer fibers stretch typically only 20-25 percent, Park noted. That is a limiting factor in a device such as a hand, where a wide range of motion is essential.
as the silicone is stretched, cracks develop in the reflective layer, allowing light to escape. By measuring the loss of light,
The researchers used a combination of X-ray crystallography techniques and in-vitro analysis to study the bacteria.
Jost performed crystallography to establish the shapes of the structures, while the Spanish researchers, Drennan notes, id all of the control experiments to show that we were really thinking about this right,
the researchers applied a type of artificial intelligence called evolutionary computation to pinpoint the molecular mechanisms underlying earlier research in which they induced normal pigment cells in embryonic Xenopus laevis frogs to metastasize.
the pigment cells of the affected embryos acquired bizarre, branch-like shapes and developed other melanoma-like characteristics,
Furthermore, the tadpoles that did develop melanoma developed it in every pigment cellach frog was either 100 percent metastatic or completely normal.
all pigment cells in a tadpole are part of a single coin, which either flips heads (normal) or tails (cancerous).
Over time, the polymer mesh breaks down harmlessly. After growing on the special mesh for just four days,
is made of an acrylic acid polymer. It works like a scaffold, allowing the printing of intricate patterns that would collapse without its support such as nested Russian-doll-like structures and thin
The researchers can also use silicone, hydrogel and other polymers, and made a replica of a colleague brain in the soft,
They manufactured the implant with a $1. 3 million metal printer at a government-run lab. The printer uses an electron beam to melt titanium powder,
The film is made of a photoreactive polymer that responds to both the intensity and the polarization of the light.
made of silicon nitride, a glass-like material, embedded in regular glass (silicon dioxide). The shape and construction of the waveguide ensures that the laser light generates new wavelengths as it passes through;
Boller added, ne of the key challenges of the research was ensuring that the silicon nitride did not crack during the manufacture of the waveguides.
#New metamaterial enables refractive index of zero Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) say they have made it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale.
They have developed the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
The metamaterial consists of low-aspect-ratio silicon pillar arrays embedded in a polymer matrix and clad by gold films.
what happens when a material refractive index is reduced to zero:""There is no phase advance, meaning light no longer behaves as a moving wave, traveling through space in a series of crests and troughs.
"said Niels Holten-Andersen, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering at MIT.""Whatever you do will change the bond dynamics,
The material comprises a metal from the lanthanide group, also known as rare-earth elements, and a widely used polymer called polyethylene glycol, or PEG.
Its light emission can be tailored to reflect very subtle changes in the environment, providing a color-coded output that reveals details of those conditions.
"While our system has been developed initially for products made from plastics or composites through injection molding,
and even polymer fibers stretch typically only 20 to 25 percent, Park said. That is a limiting factor in a device such as a hand
as the silicone is stretched, cracks develop in the reflective layer, allowing light to escape. By measuring the loss of light,
and bile from a cow stomach brewed in a brass cauldron and let sit for nine days before use. take cropleek and garlic,
let it stand nine days in the brass vessel, wring out through a cloth and clear it well,
Instead of running on liquid propellant, the pumps are powered by electric motors with lithium polymer batteries. This eliminates the need for extra spaghetti tubes and valves,
transparent ceramic that also allows infrared cameras to look through it, which most commercial glass can't do.
A"bulletproof"window today, for example, has layers of plastic and glass perhaps five inches thick."
#Terminator 2 like"smart liquid metal"developed by Tsinghua University researchers These diagrams from the Advanced Materials journal show stages of the Tsinghua University experiment,
and movement/fusion of gallium alloy droplets (e). Tsinghua University scientists led by Jing Liu, have discovered a'smart'liquid metal alloy that moves on its own.
The liquid metal is a mixture of gallium, indium and tin. It stays liquid at temperatures above-2 degrees Fahrenheit(-19 Celsius),
can move itself in a circle, straight line, or even squeeze through complex shapes when placed in a sodium hydroxide solution.
Its integrated power source is a flake of aluminum embed in the liquid metal; the aluminum reacts with the sodium hydroxide to release hydrogen gas,
while placing the aluminum in the liquid metal drop's rear creates differences in electrical charges across the liquid metal.
as the liquid metal physically adjusts itself to balance out the resulting differences in internal pressure.
Currently, a drop of liquid metal has enough power to move around for 30 minutes to an hour.
but self healing metals would have a lot of civilian and military applications. Liquid metal may be the first step in a new arms race.
In 2014, both Tsinghua University and North carolina State university discovered that applying electrical currents to gallium alloys (like the liquid metal) would allow for controlled shape-shifiting in the metal
(though they still needed an external power source). The liquid metal has been observed to not just to move on its own,
but also to squeeze into tight spaces as it moves forward (moving the aluminum component can change its direction).
Tsinghua's liquid metal is still a basic research project confined to the laboratories (not to mention vats of sodium hydroxide,
until they discover a way for the liquid metal to react with the atmosphere). The liquid metal could be used to build self contained pumps that don't require outside power or batteries, saving on weight and complexity for items like night vision and laser cooling pumps.
The ability of liquid metal with its own embedded power source could even one day be the basis to build self repairing armor on tanks and changing aircraft fuselages for fuel efficiency and speed.
If you really wanted to build a robot like Skynet's T-1000 Terminator out of shapeshifting metal at room temperature
(and we strongly advise against that), you'd need a substance like Tsinghua University's self powered liquid metal to avoid those embarrassing and inconvenient electrical cords.
More distantly Liu hopes that his invention would one day be used to build shapeshifting robots to repair pipelines and delivery medicine inside blood vessels.
But military engineers would also probably like to take a crack at turning liquid metal into shape shifting drones and robots, familiar to Terminator 2 fans as Skynet's T-1000.
They stored the DNA in silica spheres to protect it, and then warmed it to 160 degrees Fahrenheit for a weekhe equivalent of keeping it at 50 degrees for 2, 000 years.
The researchers then made the proteins into a rubbery plastic by mixing them with a solvent
amorphous part of the protein that gives the plastic its self-healing properties and a more structured sheet of amino acids that give it a solid structure.
The ring teeth of various species of squid Demirel Lab/Penn State via Penn State News The researchers then made the proteins into a rubbery plastic by mixing them with a solvent
amorphous part of the protein that gives the plastic its self-healing properties and a more structured sheet of amino acids that give it a solid structure.
including power generation, iron and steel, and chemicals. Regional cap-and-trade programs already exist in China.
They are coated in a thin layer of silicone, so they are flexible and can stick to the skin like temporary tattoos.
and focussed on a steel pipeline carrying a eat transfer solution (HTF) that is warmed to 393c as it snakes along the trough before coiling into a heat engine.
take down scaffolding and wrap rockwool insulation around steel pipelines. They bustle past in yellow and orange bibs,
"UW researchers used chemical vapor deposition to grow graphene nanoribbons on germanium crystals. This technique flows a mixture of methane, hydrogen,
armchair edges,"said Michael Arnold, an associate professor of materials science and engineering at UW-Madison.""The widths can be very, very narrow,
"Not only are designed our facilities to work with all different sorts of materials from metals to oxides,
"What's even more interesting is that these nanoribbons can be made to grow in certain directions on one side of the germanium crystal,
each face of a crystal (1, 1, 1) will have axes that differ from one (1, 1, 0) to the other (1, 0,
of hard plastics and metal parts. But the supple robots under development could bridge the gap between today inflexible varieties and the more fluid and forgiving movements of animals and humans.
COFS are highly crystalline, porous polymers in which certain parent molecules form highly regular, two-or three-dimensional network structures.
These network polymers possess suitable optical and electronic properties as well as a relatively large surface area, which in essence make them interesting candidates for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
the scientists had to add platinum nanoparticles and an electron donor to their powder polymer."
#Gene on-off switch works like backpack strap A research team based in Houston Texas Medical center has found that the proteins that turn genes on by forming loops in human chromosomes work like the sliding plastic adjusters on a grade-schooler backpack.
a research team from Rice Univ. has developed recently a plastic, miniature digital fluorescence microscope that can quantify white blood cell levels in patients located in rural parts of the world that are removed far from the modern laboratory."
which consisted of one polystyrene lens and two polymethyl methacrylate aspheric lenses, the researchers used a single-point diamond turning lathe.
reflectors, and USB detectors, combined with the all-plastic housing and lenses will allow for future versions of the prototype to be mass-produced.
Usually, the thin filmssed by organic bulk heterojunction solar cellsre created by mixing conjugated polymers and fullerenes,
This change in reflectivity, in turn, switches how nearby erbium ions emit light. As the VO2 changes phase, the erbium emissions go from being generated mostly by magnetic dipole transitions (the rotational torque push
and makes it into a crystal, like an ice cube does to water. Next, the crystal drug is placed into a fat and protein coat, similar to
UC Berkeley chemists have developed now a porous and flexible material so-called metal-organic framework (MOF) or storing methane that addresses these problems.
His team employs novel investigative techniques for the study of electrons freely flowing in ultrapure gallium arsenide semiconductor crystals,
and the ultrapure crystals used in this research were grown by a group led by Michael Manfra, professor of physics and astronomy at Purdue.
The gallium arsenide crystals grown using the molecular beam epitaxy technique serve as a model platform to explore the many phases that arise among strongly interacting electrons,
#Researchers create transplantation model for 3-D printed constructs Using sugar, silicone and a 3-D printer,
leaving behind a network of small channels in the silicone. hey don yet look like the blood vessels found in organs,
"3d printing of metal radically changes that. By looking at 3d printing not for that overall structure
and safety protection as a frame made out of steel, "said Brad Balzer, the lead designer on the project.
By using carbon fiber instead of steel or aluminum for the body, the entire vehicle only weighs 1400 pounds (635kg),
The base material is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an easy-to-process silicone-based organic polymer. Conductive carbon black powder is added to the liquid silicone before it is spread flat by a thin-film applicator.
After creating the tattoo-like designs on a computer, a laser cutter traces out the design
which makes up the sensor. This is then sandwiched between two clear sheets of silicone.""The sensor is made out of biocompatible silicone and carbon-doped silicone.
So there are carbon particles inside the silicone which make it conductive so we can use it for electronics,
"explained Weigel. The stickers are attached to the body using a medical-grade adhesive that can be peeled easily off after use without hurting the skin.
The current prototypes are wired to a computer, although the technology could evolve to use integrated microchips.
first consider a crystal with electrons moving around throughout its interior. Under certain conditions, it can be energetically favorable for these electrical charges to pile up in a regular,
repeating fashion inside the crystal, forming what is called a charge-ordered phase, the scientists said. he building block of this type of order,
These multiples are called optical harmonics. he physicists exploited the fact that changes in the symmetry of a crystal will affect the strength of each harmonic differently.
Since the emergence of multipolar ordering changes the symmetry of the crystal in a very specific way
their idea was that the optical harmonic response of a crystal could serve as a fingerprint of multipolar order. e found that light reflected at the second harmonic frequency revealed a set of symmetries completely different from those of the known crystal structure,
whole system consumes 9 Watts of power) to create high-pitched and high-intensity sound waves to levitate a spherical bead (of up to four mm in diameter) made of expanded polystyrene.
Ceramic platelets in the enamel are orientated vertically. In the dentin, they are aligned horizontally. Photo: Hortense Le Ferrand/ETH Zürichthis is how MASC works:
such as nacre or tooth enamel. ur technique is similar to 3d printing, but 10 times faster and much more cost-effective, says Florian Bouville,
Finally, the researchers filled the pores that remained after the sintering with a synthetic monomer used in dentistry,
the artificial tooth clearly shows that a degree of control over the microstructure of a composite material can be achieved,
Developed about 25 years ago by the study's senior author, Susan E. Mackinnon, MD, director of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the School of medicine,
The polymer foam starts as a liquid that can be poured into a mold to create shapes,
Cornell researchers are close to making prosthetic body parts with the so-called"elastomer foam.""""We are currently pretty far along for making a prosthetic hand this way,
The researchers used carbon fiber and silicone on the outside to fashion a structure that expands at different rates on the surface-to make a spherical shape into an egg shape, for example,
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