#Graphene Filaments Provide Tunable On-Chip Light source Graphene Filaments Provide Tunable On-Chip Light Sourcenew YORK, June 15,
2015 Incandescent bulbs may be a thing of the past, but the principle of light-emitting filaments may have a new use in displays and optical communications.
the Indigo-Clean fixtures emit high-intensity narrow-spectrum (HINS) visible light at 405 nm, which produces a chemical reaction that kills bacteria from the inside,
Continuous indigo light, on the other hand, is lethal to pathogens but safe for use in the presence of patients and staff.
visit www. indigo-clean. com and www. strath. ac. uk. Biophotonics Market Poised for Growth Top Biophotonics Stories of 2014 Ophthalmology Devices Market Set to
"To study this, the researchers developed ultrafast electron crystallography (UEC), which allowed them to observe directly the transitioning atomic configuration of a prototypical phase-change material, germanium telluride (Gete), under femtosecond laser pulses.
The sensor uses a nanoengineered silica chip with an active layer of ions that fluoresce
The bottom right panel is a composite of all wavelength channels. Based on single-lens designs, today's multispectral microscopes survey a single point at a time,
When crystalline materials such as quartz and ceramics are stretched or compressed, they generate an electric charge. That's called piezoelectricity,
and prevents the water from doing more damage (such as rusting the steel bars that are present in a lot of concrete structures).
and Aix-Marseille Universite have built binary data into a strand of synthetic polymer, a minuscule chain of chemical information about 60,000 times thinner than a strand of hair.
Right now, storing one zettabyte (1 billion terabytes) takes roughly 1000 kilograms of cobalt alloy
A zettabyte of Lutz's synthesized polymer would be about 10 grams. The process of building a polymer is like stringing a pearl necklace.
As its simplest level, digital information is coded into zeros and ones. Researchers assigned certain chemical components called monomers to represent zero and one.
To build the polymer, it just a matter of chemically stringing those monomers together in a specific order,
creating a polymer. Scientists use a mass spectrometer, a device often used to sequence DNA, to read the data later.
The technology is still in its infancy. Lutz says that research has been underway for about two years
and right now researchers can chain just a handful of bytes of information together. But Lutz has high hopes that they will be able to process kilobytes of information in the next five years.
He looks to the recent advances in coding biological strands of DNA in a similar manner as a roadmap for how synthetic polymer technology can progress.
Lutz, working on synthetic polymers, says that his process, while years away from being viable, is suited actually better for the task of storing data than DNA is.
The resulting objects are an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to the metals and plastics that currently dominate 3d printing.
The researchers presented their work this week at a conference titled ew Materials From Trees.
cellulose is a very abundant polymer. 3d printed objects made of cellulose would biodegradable and could even capture carbon dioxide that would
which uses carbon fibre composites could benefit, Duncan wass told Forbes. t the consumer end of the market that could be sports equipment, bike frames,
and sandwiching it between layers of plastic, the researchers were able to create an ultra-thin and more efficient display.
Now researchers have figured out how to fix mycosporines in place by putting them around a polymer scaffoldingor this experiment, they used chitosan,
but plenty of other polymers would work just as well, they note. The material could absorb UV-B rays 192 percent more effectively than most commercial sunscreens,
The research used zinc oxide (an inorganic compound found in most sunscreens as a fine powder mixed into a lotion) as the UV sensing material,
This thin zinc oxide layer is engineered with a platelike structure that we call micro-tectonics, these plates can slide across each other bit like geological plates that form the earth crust allowing for high sensitivity
The glasses are made from impact-resistant polycarbonate with a scratch-resistant lens that also reduces glare to the eyes.
Two different metals, a anode and a cathode are submerged into different solutions and are connected by a salt bridge to form a reaction,
A polyurethane sheet divides the umbrella from its case and pushes droplets toward the tank,
#Scientists Create Liquid Metal Antenna By placing an electrical potential across the interface between liquid eutectic gallium and indium and an electrolyte,
Dr Adams and his colleagues found that they could cause the metals to spread by applying a positive voltage
or to contract by applying a negative voltage. sing a liquid metal that can change its shape allows us to modify antenna properties more dramatically than is possible with a fixed conductor,
and elongate a filament of liquid metal and change the antenna operating frequency. Applying a small positive voltage causes the metal to flow into a capillary,
while applying a small negative voltage makes the metal withdraw from the capillary. he positive voltage electrochemically deposits an oxide on the surface of the metal that lowers the surface tension,
while a negative potential removes the oxide to increase the surface tension. These differences in surface tension dictate which direction the metal will flow,
Dr Adams explained. his advance makes it possible to remove or regenerate enough of the xide skinwith an applied voltage to make the liquid metal flow into or out of the capillary.
We call this lectrochemically controlled capillarity, which is much like an electrochemical pump for the liquid metal.
Although antenna properties can be reconfigured to some extent by using solid conductors with electronic switches
the liquid metal approach greatly increases the range over which the antenna operating frequency can be tuned. or eutectic gallium-indium monopoles with lengths between 75m and 4m, the measured resonance frequency tunes from 0. 66 GHZ to 3. 4hz for a tuning
%which, while lower than a conventional monopole, presents a tradeoff between efficiency and versatility that is evident in most tunable systems. ur antenna prototype using liquid metal can tune over a range of at least two times greater than systems using electronic switches,
A number of crystals produce this effect, called frequency doubling or harmonic generation, to various degrees.
The strongest frequency doubler previously known is the synthetic crystal beta barium borate but the nano-spirals produce four times more blue light per unit volume.
and also allows for the coating of larger plastic carrier surfaces, Wöll says. Thanks to their mechanical properties
More specifically, Lexus'use of liquid nitrogenhich has a temperature of-321 degrees Fahrenheitells us that they're using a high-temperature superconductor like yttrium barium copper oxide,
and Steven P. Levitan, Ph d.,John A. Jurenko professor of electrical and computer engineering, integrated models for self-oscillating polymer gels and piezoelectric micro-electric-mechanical systems to devise a new
The researchers have also been working with orphees flexible mobile devices with lycra or alloy displays
And Doesn't Metals, which conduct electricity, and insulators, which don, are polar opposites. At least that what wee believed until now.
On the other hand, electrons in conducting materials such as metals flow freely over long distances. So how can you possibly get electrons behaving in both ways in a single material?
which the bulk itself behaves both as a metal and an insulator. Crystal clear? The material we explored is a well-known insulator that has been studied
and magnetisation a property known as uantum oscillations Such quantum oscillations are inherently a property of metals,
it was also severely violating the rules for conventional metals. Explaining the inexplicable How can we resolve the apparent contradiction inherent in a material that is both a metal and an insulator?
One possibility is that, contrary to current understanding, electrons in certain insulators can somehow behave as if they were in a metal.
This behaviour may involve the strange properties of quantum mechanics. According to quantum mechanics, particles can occupy two states at the same time.
In this way, the strange behaviour of our material could be explained by the fact that wee discovered a new quantum state that fluctuates between being a metal and an insulator.
Our discovery of a material that is neither a conventional metal nor a conventional insulator could be such an mergentquantum phase of matter.
we plan to do more experiments on high-quality crystals to distinguish between predictions of the various theories.
decades of conventional wisdom regarding the fundamental dichotomy between metals and insulators are likely about to be turned on their head.
and used to produce various types of fuels, plastics and elastomers. In this case, the team at Global Bioenergies refined it into a clear, high-grade,'unleadedfuel."
and an ion crystal made up of charged atoms held in place using specific voltages and something known as the Coulomb force.
and pull the ion crystal across the lattice, and also adjust the spacing of its atoms.
when the atoms in the ion crystal were spaced out at the same distance as the peaks and troughs of the optical lattice,
But when the team changed the spacing of the ion crystal so that the atoms weren matched up with the optical lattice,
#These tiny plastic chips can deliver therapeutic genes into cells A graduate student is developing a cost-effective new method of delivering desirable genes into human cells using a tiny plastic chip.
and essentially recreates a fully functioning laboratory on a piece of plastic the size of a postage stamp. y overall goal is to use technology to reduce the cost of healthcare
Industry experts MX3D are planning to create a steel bridge in Amsterdam in The netherlands using independent robot arms.
heating the metal to 1, 500 degrees Celsius (2, 732 Fahrenheit) before melding it into place.
"That clinical use involves the carbon spheres being coated with polymer-a polymer that can gradually release drugs into the system to fight cancer and other diseases.
and vibrational spectroscopic techniques were used to monitor how the polymers gradually released their payload. The researchers ran a series of different experiments to check the temperatures required for the drugs to disperse,
Different polymer coatings were tested too as the team works towards getting these'homemade'carbon nanoparticles ready for clinical use."
"You can coat it with different polymers to give it a different optical response. You can load it with two drugs,
The roofing material is made from stacked polymers on top of a thin silver film, and only absorbs an incredible 3 percent of sunlight.
"Our artificial neuron is made of conductive polymers and it functions like a human neuron, "lead researcher Agneta Richter-Dahlfors from the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden said in a press release.
And a new development set to open in New jersey later this year is transforming an old steel factory into the world largest vertical farm.
As well as replacing silicon with a silicon-germanium alloy, the technique also uses Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography to etch the microscopic patterns required into each chip.
with the new crystals now able to work in cells that are double in thickness on the previous limit of 200 nanometers."
Building on more than two decades of carbon nanotube research in the field the UW-Madison team drew on cutting-edge technologies that use polymers to selectively sort out the semiconducting nanotubes achieving a solution of ultra-high-purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
The Rice lab of chemist James Tour discovered last year that firing a laser at an inexpensive polymer burned off other elements and left a film of porous graphene, the much-studied atom-thick
An electron microscope image shows the cross section of laser-induced graphene burned into both sides of a polyimide substrate.
since their work to make vertically aligned supercapacitors with laser-induced graphene on both sides of a polymer sheet.
because vanadium is a transition metal with various oxidation states which can be exploited to reach higher capacities.
#New superconducting hybrid crystals A new type of'nanowire'crystals that fuses semiconducting and metallic materials on the atomic scale could lay the foundation for future semiconducting electronics.
and metal, has a special superconducting property at very low temperatures and could play a central role in the development of future electronics."
ever since research into nanowire crystals has existed at the Nanoscience Center at the Niels Bohr Institute.
"The atoms sit in a perfectly ordered lattice in the nanowire crystal, not only in the semiconductor and the metal,
but also in the transition between the two very different components, which is significant in itself.
You could say that it is the ultimate limit to how perfect a transition one could imagine between a nanowire crystal and a contact.
On a separate silicon chip they grow a thin flexible film of silicon nitride upon which they deposit the superconductor niobium nitride in a pattern useful for photon detection.
Then to one end of the silicon nitride film they attach a small droplet of polydimethylsiloxane a type of silicone.
They then press a tungsten probe typically used to measure voltages in experimental chips against the silicone.
"Basically, we print 2d structures onto a pre-strained elastomer substrate with selected bonding points.
The electrodes are made of an innovative composite of silicon and platinum microbeads. They can be deformed in any direction,
The team of physicists at ANU and the University of Otago stored quantum information in atoms of the rare earth element europium embedded in a crystal.
Even transporting our crystals at pedestrian speeds we have less loss than laser systems for a given distance.
We can now imagine storing entangled light in separate crystals and then transporting them to different parts of the network thousands of kilometres apart.
So we are thinking of our crystals as portable optical hard drives for quantum entanglement. After writing a quantum state onto the nuclear spin of the europium using laser light the team subjected the crystal to a combination of a fixed and oscillating magnetic fields to preserve the fragile quantum information.
The two fields isolate the europium spins and prevent the quantum information leaking away said Dr Jevon Longdell of the University of Otago.
Today transformers are installed in stiff steel tanks. The risk of explosions can be reduced if the industry changes to soft housings that absorb energy in the same way as modern car bodies he says.
#Additionally transformer tanks are reinforced by means of welded steel beams in order to make them withstand pressure rises
including time-lapse crystallography and single-crystal spectroscopy, to slow down the reaction rate by nearly 10,000 times.
grew single crystals, mixed them with their substrate and froze them at different time points in liquid nitrogen at 77 Kelvin to stop all molecular activity.
They sent the crystals to Argonne National Laboratory for remote data collection. The X-ray diffraction patterns collected there were used to create an electron density map, a 3-D, atomic-level resolution of the molecule's shape.
The researchers used time-lapse crystallography and single-crystal spectroscopy to observe intermediate steps of the reaction."
#Technology to recycle all type of plastics without using water The technology developed by Marco Adame founder of Ak Inovex can process more than 90 percent of any type of plastic avoids water waste
and reduces production costs by half without reducing the quality of the pellets (small beads of recycled plastic) by avoiding stages with severe changes in temperature.
However this type of plastic has the distinction of being hygroscopic (when it comes in contact with water it retains moisture at a molecular level)
which are responsible for cooling the plastic through contact with special walls and form the plastic beads the founder of the company explained.
The advantage of this technology is its ability to process any type of plastic such as styrofoam polystyrene PET and ABS;
and add an ecological washing machine for plastics that uses a special biodetergent which will reduce the cost of operation even more.
This method uses magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry with certain specialized garnet and ferrite materials.
We have demonstrated a method of obtaining linear optical non-reciprocity that requires no magnets can be implemented in any common optical material system without needing ferrites
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE is a single layer of cells that accomplishes multiple functions such as providing survival molecules that prevent photoreceptors from dying.
Tissue engineering is like other kinds of engineering except instead of using steel or computer code to make things living cells from skin muscle
Makerbot has supplied also the Feinstein Institute with early samples of its just-announced Makerbot PLA Composite Filaments in Limestone (calcium carbonate) and Iron
This method keeps the chainlike molecules in the plastic stretched out, which is important for good lithium-ion conductivity between the electrodes,
An organic compound 1 3-propenediol can be formulated into industrial products including composites adhesives laminates and coatings It's also a solvent
Researchers found a few all-silica zeolites with superior performance that contain pores and channels with the ability to accommodate ethanol molecules
and reproduced in plastic with a 3d printer. Then, using the same procedure the personalized device that the surgeon uses to determine the optimal points
steel. The engineered structural material possesses the ability to control the increase of acoustical or elastic waves.
The material was made in a single steel sheet using lasers to engrave"chiral, "or geometric microstructure patterns,
"In its current state, the metal is a passive material, meaning we need to introduce other elements that will help us control the elastic waves we send to it,
Furthermore De Vreede expects the'gold method'to be applicable to other ceramic materials as well.
that allows growth of highly efficient and reproducible solar cells from large-area perovskite crystals.""These perovskite crystals offer promising routes for developing low-cost, solar-based, clean global energy solutions for the future,"said Aditya Mohite,
the Los alamos scientist leading the project. State-of-the-art photovoltaics using high-purity, large-area, wafer-scale single-crystalline semiconductors grown by sophisticated,
#Transparent artificial nacre: A brick wall at the nanoscale Natural materials have extraordinary mechanical properties,
Scientists have developed now a nacre-inspired nanocomposite that combines exceptional mechanical properties with glass-like transparency and a high gas-and fire-barrier.
The structure of nacre resembles a brick wall at the microscopic scale: Calcium carbonate platelets('bricks')alternate with soft biopolymer layers('mortar'.
energy can be dissipated into the soft polymer segments. Together, this results in a lightweight material that is considered as the gold standard of natural materials
Previous approaches to synthesize nacre-mimetics were not feasible on the large scale due to energy-intensive and laborious multistep procedures.
Also, it was not possible to synthesize transparent nacre-mimetic films and foils. Andreas Walther and his team decided to use synthetic nanoclays for their nacre-mimetic materials.
This significantly improved the material's transparency. The Aachen-based research group also refined the underlying preparation procedure"Mussels grow nacre in a lengthy process.
For our nanocomposites, we instead apply a rapid self-assembly process, "the chemist explains. First, the researchers coat the clays with a layer of polyvinylalcohol('mortar on the brick')and subsequently,
"The nacre-mimetics based on small clays are very tough. However, if we use large clays with an aspect ratio of 3500,
the resulting nacre-mimetics are both extremely stiff and strong. Their mechanical properties actually reach close to those of fiber composites,
which are far more laborious to prepare, "says Phd student Paramita Das. The glass-like transparency and the high gas barrier of the nanocomposite are an extra benefit of the material.
This outstanding combination of features makes the nacre-mimetic material a promising candidate for future applications,
The scientists started by coating the top surface of a silicon solar cell with a polymer material called a"block copolymer,
including glass and plastic, for antiglare windows and coatings for solar panels. This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science e
#Laser-generated surface structures create extremely water-repellent self-cleaning metals Super-hydrophobic materials are desirable for a number of applications such as rust prevention anti-icing or even in sanitation uses.
-and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black.
Guo states that using this technique they can create multifunctional surfaces that are not only super-hydrophobic but also highly-absorbent optically.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team's process is that the structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.
And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water. The material is so strongly water-repellent the water actually gets bounced off.
Unlike Guo's laser-treated metals the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll off a Teflon coated material you need to tilt the surface to nearly a 70-degree angle before the water begins to slide off.
You can make water roll off Guo's metals by tilting them less than five degrees. As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces it also collects dust particles
It currently takes an hour to pattern a 1 inch by 1 inch metal sample
but ultra-short laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second
Guo is keen to stress that this same technique can give rise to multifunctional metals. Metals are naturally excellent reflectors of light.
That's why they appear to have a shiny luster. Turning them black can therefore make them very efficient at absorbing light.
The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbers--solar absorbers that don't rust
#Hierarchically-porous polymers with fast absorption Professor Myungeun Seo and his research team from the Graduate school of Nanoscience
and Technology at KAIST has developed a method to form micropores of less than 2 nanometers within porous polymers where 10 nanometers long mesopores connect like a net.
The advantage of the porous polymers is fast absorption of molecules. Porous polymers with micropores of less than 2 nanometers like a zeolite have a large surface area.
They are used as a means to store hydrogen-based molecules or as a catalytic support that can be used as a surface to convert a material into a desired form.
The research team solved the issue by implementing a self-assembly of block polymers to easily form a netlike nanostructure from mesopores of 10 nanometers.
The team created hierarchically-porous polymers consisting of two different types of pores by using a hypercrosslinking reaction along with the self-assembly method.
The reaction creates micropores within the chain after the polymer chain is confined by a chemical bond.
This porous polymer has micropores that are smaller than 2 nanometers on the walls of mesopores
This is the first case where a porous polymer has both well-defined mesopores and micropores. The research team verified the effect of hierarchically-porous structures on absorption of molecules by confirming that the porous polymer had faster absorption speeds than a polymer consisting only of micropores.
Professor Seo said The study has found a simple way to create different sizes of pores within a polymer.
He expected that the hierarchically-porous polymers can be used as a catalytic support in which fast diffusion of molecules is essential or for molecule collection.
The research was sponsored by National Research Foundation of Korea and published online in the Journal of the American Chemical Society y
Instead of making their microscopes more powerful they have discovered a method that enlarges tissue samples by embedding them in a polymer that swells
Their idea was to make specimens easier to image at high resolution by embedding them in an expandable polymer gel made of polyacrylate a very absorbent material commonly found in diapers.
An alternative means to bend X-rays is to use crystals. A crystal lattice diffracts X-rays, as the German physicist Max von Laue discovered a century ago.
artificial crystals can be tailor-made to sharply focus X-rays by depositing different materials layer by layer.
The researchers manufactured a wedged lens from 5500 alternating layers of silicon carbide (Sic) and tungsten (W), varying in thickness.
Specifically diode lasers bars in the wavelength range 930 to 970 nm are the fundamental building blocks for pump sources for Ytterbium-doped crystals in large laser facilities,
resulting in a more realistic representation than current training tools that use materials such as Styrofoam and latex.
The Johns Hopkins students instead used silicone layers of different densities to more closely represent the physiology of skin,
health workers will be able to make practice incisions through replaceable silicones layers that respond more like human skin."
and built a prototype low energy x-ray device for the foodstuffs industry with the aim of measuring the tenderness of meat and detecting the presence of unwanted plastic objects in meat products.
Arrayarraythe researchers'printing surface consists of a sandwich-like structure made up of two thin films of silver separated by a"spacer"film of silica.
Between the top and bottom films lies a 45-nanometer silica dielectric spacer. The researchers created a scaled-down template of the athletic logo and drilled out tiny perforations on the top layer of the metamaterial structure.
""Unlike the printing process of an inkjet or laserjet printer, where mixed color pigments are used, there is no color ink used in our structural printing process--only different hole sizes on a thin metallic layer,
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