Metals

Heavy metal (27)
Lanthanide (13)
Metal (743)
Precious metal (41)
Transition metal (33)

Synopsis: Domenii: Materials: Materials generale: Classes of materials: Metals:

all you need is two metals an anode, which is the negative electrode, such as zinc,

when he connected two metals to the legs of a frog, causing its muscles to twitch.

it is not the source of the energy that actually extracted via the corrosion of the zinc. t sacrificial the metal is degrading over time,

They contain heavy metal discs which spin at over 10, 000rpm, and in doing so generate torque.

These innovative additive manufacturing processes bring together printed metals, printed energetics and other materials, layered onto substrates into the components that comprise an nitiation trainin explosive warheads. ou can vastly simplify the manufacturing of energetic materials by printing them,

ormally, when you cut metal to different shapes and thicknesses, or when you drill a hole,

Gearing up for the future Through a number of case studies the team addressed specific problems affecting the milling grinding and drilling of different metals.

Professor Dolores Fregona and her research team at the University of Padua in Italy designed and tested gold compounds with the aim of elivering the metal as a cytotoxic smart bombkilling off cancer cells while minimising the impact on other organs.

This has led already to a sharp increase in price for rare-earth metals (such as Neodymium (Nd),

Considering the resource distribution of rare-earth metals, European car manufactures have to face the problem of restrictive and vulnerable supply chains for rare earth metals

%While the traditional machining approach cuts out metal from work pieces, the new Shaped Metal Deposition (SMD) process adds material layer by layer in a liquid metal deposition process.

The end product requires minimal finishing, material waste is reduced considerably and the process has low to zero harmful emissions.

and silver and other metals in water says Peter van der Linde managing director of Holland Watertechnology (HWT) the SME responsible for developing the sensor during the SILCO project's lifetime and its current supplier.

They may be made of metal, white porcelain or clear plastic. Braces made from a clear plastic polymer have a better aesthetics

which sought to transform base metals into gold. For instance, you may put soft drink bottles in at one end of the process and produce plastic chairs and tables at the other end.

but strong metals through energy efficient production. urope steel industry can only survive with innovative products and technologies.

The project also saw the build up of residue on the reheated metal stock being reduced significantly."

In regard to purchasing US respondents report the most important sustainability considerations are followed energy efficient devices by recyclable packaging latex free devices products designed for multi-use devices free of heavy metals

and scan for infection for exampleâ##synthetic gene circuits are especially useful for detecting things like contaminants pesticides heavy metals and counterfeit drugs.##

Unlike many common metals nickel-titanium is compatible with MRIS. Using compressed air a robotic platform controllably steers

and metal, and they anticipate that the arrays will also transfer easily to glass and leather.

since a semiconductor and a metal couldn t coexist at the nanoscale at high density Kono says.

and further through metal than they do through air. With this principle in mind Poon designed a power source that generated a special type of near-field wave.

but traditionally employed to thicken natural oxide layers on metals. The film was exposed then to sulfur vapor at 300 degrees Celsius (572 degrees Fahrenheit) for one hour.

In fact Mos2 is just one of a group of 2d semiconducting materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides all of

Metals are not suitable and initially the ETH team was had unaware it found the material that others had been looking for. e observed something strange in our measurements with the graphene sandwich construction that we were not able to explainsays Varlet.

That structure can then be coated with a thin layer of just about any kind of material#a metal an alloy a glass a semiconductor etc.

Seeing the commercial potential for his technique Schroers launched his own company Supercool Metals. The company has exclusive licensing rights to the technology

which is owned by Yale. e re taking a great scientific idea and making it viable in the larger worldsays Tobias Noesekabel Supercool Metals intern and an MBA candidate at the Yale School of management.

professor at Stanford university. his is the first time anyone has used non-precious metal catalysts to split water at a voltage that low.

It s quite remarkable because normally you need expensive metals like platinum or iridium to achieve that voltage. n addition to producing hydrogen the new water splitter could be used to make chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide an important industrial chemical according to Dai.

and long durabilitydai says. hen we found out that a nickel-based catalyst is as effective as platinum it came as a complete surprise. tanford graduate student Ming Gong co-lead author of the study made the discovery. ing discovered a nickel-metal

and it s the only metal shown to be able to reduce CO2 to useful hydrocarbonssays senior author Tayhas Palmore professor of engineering at Brown University. here was some indication that

and metal and they anticipate that the arrays will also transfer easily to glass and leather.

which Yakobson says keeps them from slipping into a less-stable Peierls distortion. eierls said one-dimensional metals are unstable and must become semiconductors

and the metal state. akobson explains that ZPV is a manifestation of quantum uncertainty which says atoms are always in motion. t s more a blur than a vibrationhe says. e can say carbyne represents the uncertainty principle in action

By coupling electromagnetic waves with surface plasmons the oscillating electrons found at the surface of metals researchers were able to squeeze light into nanosized spaces

which uses no metals or toxic materials, for use in power plants, where it could make the energy grid more resilient and efficient by creating a large-scale way to store energy for use as needed. he batteries last for about 5,

While previous battery designs have used metals or toxic chemicals, Narayan and Prakash wanted to find an organic compound that could be dissolved in water.

Barron and graduate student Yen-Tien Lu, the study lead author, replaced a two-step process that involved metal deposition

#Scientists are first to detect exciton in metals University of Pittsburgh rightoriginal Studyposted by Joe Miksch-Pittsburgh on June 2 2014humans have used reflection of light from a metal mirror on a daily basis for thousands of years

For the first time researchers have detected the exciton a fundamental particle of light-matter interaction in metals. Physicists describe physical phenomena in terms of interactions between fields

They observe for the first time an exciton in a metal. Excitons particles of light-matter interaction where light photons become transiently entangled with electrons in molecules

The optical and electronic properties of metals cause excitons to last no longer than approximately 100 attoseconds (0. 1 quadrillionth of a second.

Such short lifetimes make it difficult for scientists to study excitons in metals but it also enables reflected light to be a nearly perfect replica of the incoming light.

and Petek and his team experimentally discovered that the surface electrons of silver crystals can maintain the excitonic state more than 100 times longer than the bulk metal enabling the excitons in metals to be captured experimentally by a newly developed multidimensional coherent spectroscopic technique.

The ability to detect excitons in metals sheds light on how light is converted to electrical

and chemical energy in plants and solar cells and in the future it may enable metals to function as active elements in optical communications.

In other words it may be possible to control how light is reflected from a metal. The paper appears online in Nature Physics.

and solar cells but Pint and Westover are confident that the rules that govern the load-bearing character of their design will carry over to other materials such as carbon nanotubes and lightweight porous metals like aluminum.

says Grunlan. xcept for a sheet of metal, nothing has higher selectivity than our coating.

and Fermi-edge singularities a process known to occur in metals. The team previously reported the first observation of superfluorescence in a solid-state system by strongly exciting semiconductor quantum wells in high magnetic fields.

when you have a material with two metals and oxygen. It's not something we had to architect ourselves. fter several failed attempts to physically produce the specific perovskite crystals they had theorized the researchers succeeded with a combination of potassium niobate the parent polar material and barium nickel niobate

and far lighter than the metal in tanks now used to contain the gas say researchers.

For example Greer s group has shown previously that at the nanoscale some metals are about 50 times stronger than usual

and then process it in such a way that it s made out of almost any material class we d likeâ##for example metals ceramics

Weighing in at two thirds less than aluminum magnesium is the lightest structural metal. But the usefulness of the metal is restricted severely by its poor resistance to corrosion.

Research efforts to develop lighter metals have explored way to create a stainless or corrosion-resistant form of magnesium.

A team led by Nick Birbilis an associate professor of materials engineering at Monash University found that the addition of very low levels of arsenic to magnesium retards the corrosion reaction by effectively#poisoning#the reaction before it completes.

The researchers point out the work is a tarting point for exploring the composites made from GNRS and other transition metal oxides for lithium storage applications.

Because metals will naturally convert some energy from infrared light into heat researchers can connect the amount the material expands to the amount of infrared light hitting it.#

which is exposed to different types of pollution from agrochemical residues to metals from leather tanneries.

#Scientists develop new liquid metal that will let you print circuits on paper, T-shirts, or even leaves Soon we could be able to print circuits as well as 3-D products in the comfort of our homes.

Three scientists in China have found a#way#to create a metal that s liquid at room temperatures,

and poor adhesion between the liquid metal and the substrate often impede the flexible printing process,

the liquid metal here no longer needs to be oxidized pre to guarantee its applicability on target substrates,##Qin Zhang, Yunxia Gao,

#Mini Metal Maker: A $1000 3d printer that prints metal http://www. vimeo. com/78961565 The Mini Metal Maker prints 3d objects from digital files directly in precious metal clay, rather than in plastic.#

#Once these clay objects air-dry, they are fired in a kiln to produce beautiful solid metal objects of high purity and precision.

Using metal clay essentially replaces the entire wax-casting or lost-wax process ordinarily needed to do this.

The Mini Metal Maker will add new capability for the DIY inventor or artist by making fabrication in metal easy and direct.

The Mini Metal Maker is built around the concept of using the minimum number of parts

##The Mini-Metal Maker They have raised about $7500 out of $10, 000 to improve the precision from 500 microns to 200 microns.

*Add a second print head for use with additional metal clays or support material.**Optimize the integrated motor carriage design

*Create the Mini Metal Forge software environment in order to foster a good user experience, particularly for the nontechnical craftsperson.*

This one is printed entirely out of metal and the gun s design was copied from a classic 1911 model.

The 3d printed metal gun was constructed using a laser sintering process capable of shaping tougher metals like stainless steel.

since the folks at Solid Concepts have fired already successfully their handgun 50 times without it failing. 3d printers capable of printing metal are#on the rise,

India, which has hundreds of thousands of tonnes of the metal amid its terrain has announced plans to build a thorium-based nuclear reactor by 2016.

It uses electric charge to separate semiconducting nanotubes useful for transistors from those that conduct electricity like metals

Phinergy is also experimenting with other metal-air technologies. They have developed a zinc-air battery that has some advantages over aluminum.

because it doesn contain rare earth materials and metals. Activated carbon can come from a variety of low cost, easily-available sources.

emitting an electrostatic charge that sucks that loosened dirt right into its own metal frame.

Cryptocurrency is following the same path as precious metals in ancient civilization. Where gold was valued for its color, easy malleability, purity and its anti-corrosive properties,

Precious metals may have been the first and last good to become universally adopted as a means of exchange,

Today, the sturdiest materials tend to be the densest (like metals and the least dense materials tend to be the weakest (like foams.

but vital for extracting metals such as gold from its ore. Currently sodium cyanide is transported to and from a site,

and is made of hard metal and other materials. The pressurized suit has four 1. 6-horsepower thrusters to propel the diver up down forward backward or to the side.

To get an idea of just how water-repellent this metal is you may have to see it to believe it.

Water dropped over the metal appears like candy-dispenser bouncy balls as it richochets off.

Because they are etched in at such a microscopic level they do not rub off meaning that metals etched with these structures never lose their water-resistance.

He looked to the oxides of the lanthanides#the row of metals nestled almost at the bottom of the periodic table, from cerium to lutetium.

The lanthanides'empty orbitals are buried beneath shells of other electrons, which should make them much less attractive to water s oxygen,

he and his colleagues tested the idea by making small ceramic discs of the oxides of all the lanthanides except radioactive promethium.

And cerium oxide#the cheapest and most widely available of the lanthanide oxides#remained hydrophobic even after a two-hour sauna at 1, 000#C,

Indeed, most chemists would have failed to spot the hydrophobicity of the lanthanide oxides, Cheung speculates,

"This paper opens up the possibility that the standard of mass can be redefined in term of an atomic quantity instead of a lump of metal,

The device is sensitive enough to pick up a signal even from materials that are barely luminescent, such as metals.

a rare-earth metal that is highly magnetic and sometimes given to patients to increase contrast in an MRI.

Next Mars rovers get a speed boost IT'S time for Martian rovers to put the pedal to the metal.

Next Mars rovers get a speed boost IT'S time for Martian rovers to put the pedal to the metal.

Then there are rare-earth metals that could be retrieved from discarded electronics along with bits of tin copper and gold.

and feed aluminum coils into one end of a specialized machine that shapes the metal into a seamless gutter. t a better alternative to buying individual sections

Earlier lab demonstrations of similar systems could only produce devices a few centimeters on a side with expensive metal substrates so were not suitable for scaling up to commercial production he says.

While the team has demonstrated working devices using a formulation that includes a relatively expensive metal ruthenium we re very flexible about materials Chou says.

In theory you could use any metal that can survive these high temperatures. This work shows the potential of both photonic engineering

The group is now working to optimize the system with alternative metals. Chou expects the system could be developed into a commercially viable product within five years.

But if the graphene starts out with high electron concentration the pulse decreases its conductivity the same way that a metal usually behaves.

Our experiment reveals that the cause of photoconductivity in graphene is very different from that in a normal metal or semiconductors,

Although his initial tests involved copper plates he says any conductive metal would do including cheaper aluminum.

and cut off some metal in the back that was dead weight and built a composite nacelle to hold our custom electronics

as well as for processes such as spray cooling of hot metal. One application now being considered by Varanasi

From metals to drugsthe researchers now hope to explore mitochondrial-targeted cisplatin s potential use as a chemotherapy drug by testing it in animals.

They also plan to try targeting cisplatin and other metal-based drugs to different parts of cells

Cisplatin and a handful of other platinum drugs are the only metal-based drugs now approved for human use

but researchers around the world are working on other types of metal-based drugs. People are interested really in using metals as therapeutics

but they re difficult to control and elucidating the cellular targets of metal-based drugs is challenging

because they can interact with so many different biomolecules Radford says. By targeting specific cellular organelles with the same therapeutic molecules we can learn a lot about how the cells respond to a given compound

Under certain conditions, putting a cracked piece of metal under tension that is, exerting a force that would be expected to pull it apart has the reverse effect,

The answer turned out to lie in how grain boundaries interact with cracks in the crystalline microstructure of a metal in this case nickel,

shows a small crack (dark horizontal bar just right of bottom center) that mends itself as the metal is put under stress.

Simulation courtesy of Guoqiang Xu and Michael Demkowicz Most metals are made of tiny crystalline grains

The very idea that crystal grain boundaries could migrate within a solid metal has been studied extensively within the last decade,

The technique might also apply to other kinds of failure mechanisms that affect metals, such as plastic flow instability akin to stretching a piece of taffy until it breaks.

Metal fatigue, for example which can result from an accumulation of nanoscale cracks over time s probably the most common failure modefor structural metals in general

are made of metals, semiconductors, and glass, and can damage nearby tissues during ordinary movement. t a big problem in neural prosthetics,

and plastically deforms to weld the metal together. ach one of these reservoirs, until you open it,

This involved, among other things, switching out gold metals used in manufacturing Gan devices for metals that were compatible with silicon fabrication,

The use of a more cost-effective metal has the potential to move this technology closer to adoption Tan notes.

but it does not contain toxic metals such as cadmium that are known to pose potential risks

"Anodized metals could be used to prevent buildups of biofilms slick communities of bacteria that adhere to surfaces

Anodized metal could also have marine applications, such as keeping ship hulls free of algae. The collaborating group from Rensselaer Polytechnic institute is led by Diana Borca-Tasciuc, associate professor of mechanical, aerospace and nuclear engineering.

the osmium carbonyl clusters can be swapped with other metal carbonyl species to account for different needs and purposes. p

and metal when an intermediate layer of vanadium is present.##The simplicity of the technique and the universality of the mechanism open a new avenue for the growth of nanowire arrays of a variety of materials.

This is very straightforward rapid'cooking'of a metal-organic precursor in boiling water. The precursor compound is a solid tin alkoxide a material analogous to cost-efficient and broadly available titanium alkoxides.

She precipitates the precious metal from an aqueous solution onto a pretreated film with many tiny channels.

The metal on the walls of the channels adopts the shape of nanotubes; the film is dissolved then.

"She preferred not to use cyanide, formaldehyde, arsenic and heavy metal salts. She was inspired by a journal article by researchers who achieved silver precipitation using coffee.

and zinc metals a combination discovered for the first time. These are heated to a high temperature in the presence of a flow of carbon dioxide to produce a controlled metallothermic reaction.

or metals while attempting to sense light. Additionally the new material is capable of higher spatial resolution

#Researchers develop efficient method to produce nanoporous metals Nanoporous metals foam-like materials that have some degree of air vacuum in their structure have a wide range of applications because of their superior qualities.

Nanoporous metals offer an increased number of available sites for the adsorption of analytes a highly desirable feature for sensors.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and The swiss Federal Institute of technology (ETH) researchers have developed a cost-effective and more efficient way to manufacture nanoporous metals over many scales from nanoscale to macroscale

A coating of metal is added and sputtered across the wafer. Gold silver and aluminum were used for this research project.

However the manufacturing process is limited not to these metals. Next a mixture of two polymers are added to the metal substrate to create patterns a process known as diblock copolymer lithography (BCP.

During the fabrication process the roughness of the metal is examined continuously to ensure that the finished product has good porosity

The rougher the metal is the less evenly porous it becomes. During fabrication our team achieved 92 percent pore coverage with 99 percent uniformity over a 4-in silicon wafer which means the metal was smooth

and evenly porous said Tiziana Bond an LLNL engineer who is a member of the joint research team.

and metal surface roughness-by which the fabrication of nanoporous metals should be stopped when uneven porosity is known the outcome saving processing time and costs.

The real breakthrough is created that we a new technique to manufacture nanoporous metals that is cheap

and can be done over many scales avoiding the lift off technique to remove metals with real-time quality control Bond said.

These metals open the application space to areas such as energy harvesting sensing and electrochemical studies. The lift off technique is a method of patterning target materials on the surface of a substrate by using a sacrificial material.

Other applications of nanoporous metals include supporting the development of new metamaterials (engineered materials) for radiation-enhanced filtering

First they made a sandwich composed of two metal electrodes separated by a two-nanometer thick insulating layer (a single nanometer is 10000 times smaller than a human hair) made by using a semiconductor technology called atomic layer deposition.

but traditionally employed to thicken natural oxide layers on metals. The film was exposed then to sulfur vapor at 300 degrees Celsius (572 degrees Fahrenheit) for one hour.

however because conventional metal electrode technologies are too thick(>500 nm) to be transparent to light making them incompatible with many optical approaches.

and genetic diseases by combining the chemical specificity of the DNA with the signal readout of the metal.

and metals Kim said explaining the many properties he hopes to incorporate into nanotechnology. This new structure is composite

The best carbon nanotubes (CNTS) have demonstrated conductivities far beyond those of the best metals. Thus future windings made of CNTS may have a double conductivity compared with the present-day copper windings.

which has the second best conductivity of metals at room temperature. Despite the high conductivity of copper a large proportion of the electrical machine losses occur in the copper windings.

when the radius of the laser beam used to heat the metal coated crystals was above ten microns,

Earlier lab demonstrations of similar systems could only produce devices a few centimeters on a side with expensive metal substrates so were not suitable for scaling up to commercial production he says.

While the team has demonstrated working devices using a formulation that includes a relatively expensive metal ruthenium we're very flexible about materials Chou says.

In theory you could use any metal that can survive these high temperatures. This work shows the potential of both photonic engineering

The group is now working to optimize the system with alternative metals. Chou expects the system could be developed into a commercially viable product within five years.

Molybdenum disulfide is a member of a family of materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides which are currently the focus of intense research because of the unusual electronic properties they display

Okuno and his colleagues fabricated silicon nanowire arrays by metal-assisted chemical etching an approach that is simple and cost-effective.

Then nanoparticles were obtained by thermal evaporation techniques where the molecular bonds of the metals degraded as a powder

and mechanical strength but made from a metal (in this case molybdenum combined with sulphur). This new class of thin metal/sulphide materials known as transition metal di-chalcogenides (TMDCS) has become an exciting complimentary material to graphene.

However unlike graphene TMDCS can also emit light allowing applications such as photodetectors and light emitting devices to be manufactured.

which are made with gold and other precious metals. The second-generation technology could allow people to use noninvasive methods to test their glucose levels through saliva tears or urine.

'Fundamentally, that's what dictates whether the material behaves as an insulator or a metal."

To test picene's properties when juxtaposed with a metal as it would be in an electronic device the researchers deposited a single layer of picene molecules onto a piece of silver.

That structure can then be coated with a thin layer of just about any kind of material metal, an alloy, a glass, a semiconductor, etc.

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