| Chemical properties (53) |  |
| Magnetic properties (26) | |
| Mechanical properties (33) | |
| Optical properties (137) | |
| Thermal properties (106) | |
| Chemical properties (53) | |
| Magnetic properties (26) | |
| Mechanical properties (33) | |
| Optical properties (137) | |
| Thermal properties (106) | |
A decorated approach Dr Yannakopoulou says that progress in delivery efficiency has already been made through decorating nanoparticles with cyclodextrins combined with nhanced Permeability and Retention EPR) the property by
and corrosion while maintaining ductility. here is a whole range of industrial applications where these high strength steels could be used,
"but with plastics there's just one melting point, whereas with food it's different temperatures, consistencies and textures.
When skin is dehydrated the thermal conductivity property changes. The device is an array of up to 3600 liquid crystals each half a millimeter square laid out on a thin soft and stretchable substrate.
When skin is dehydrated the thermal conductivity property changes. The device is an array of up to 3600 liquid crystals each half a millimeter square laid out on a thin soft and stretchable substrate.
which has been developed only in the last few years provided the surface roughness that Palmore and her colleagues were looking for.
Instead some of the light from the laser scatters and the path length increases because of this multiple scattering#something scientists refer to as the aman effect. his scattered light is emitted then from the powder in a strong diffuse form that is visually similar to a bright LED light.
Light from the cosmic microwave background is polarized mainly due to the scattering of photons off of electrons in the early universe through the same process by
B modes can t be generated by simple scattering instead pointing to a more complex processâ##hence scientists interest in measuring them.
which allows it to hold its shape like a small dome known as the liquid's surface tension.
or mechanical structures that allow researchers to conduct their work on the micro/nanoscopic levelsays Jae Kwon associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Missouri. il-based materials or low-surface tension liquids
and spread very easily pose challenges to researchers who need to control those tiny oil droplets on microdevices. il-based compounds are referred to as low-surface tension liquids
and his group demonstrated invisible irtual wallsthat block spreading of low-surface tension liquids at the boundary line with microscopic features already created in the device. ur newly developed surface helped keep oil
and virtual walls for low-surface tension liquids also have immense potential for many lab-on-a-chip devices
Working with approximately 1 million nanoparticles in water they heated the solution to a temperature just above the DNA linkers melting point
while simultaneously suppressing nonlinear scattering from oceanic bubbles. Leightonâ#team proposed that the TWIPS method could be applied to electromagnetic waves
and say that I want something that has this strength or this thermal conductivity for example. Then I can design the optimal architecture with the optimal material at the relevant size
and found that they had an unusually high tensile strength. Despite being subjected repeatedly to stress the lattice cells did not break
Clay has high thermal stability, high sorption capacity, a large active surface area and high permeability, Reddy says,
Ice would reduce the coefficient of friction on the slopes of crater rims increasing the likelihood of a slide.
The researchers chose these materials because of their different thermal expansion coefficients a parameter that determines how much a material will expand when heated.
since gold has the higher thermal expansion coefficient and will expand more.##To measure this movement the researchers used a fiber interferometer.
which sand, heated to its melting point, cools into solid glass. With enough sun, a large lens and an ample supply of sand, he figured he might be able to produce glassware.
##Different from the former direct writing technology where large surface tension and poor adhesion between the liquid metal and the substrate often impede the flexible printing process,
Experimental projects are even testing how to dispatch farm drones (crop-spying quadcopters for example) that measure everything from reflectivity to water loss to optimize the efficiency of a farm operations. rom our perspective:
said the main achievement is the demonstration that refractive index microscopes can be enhanced fundamentally. The Japanese scientists said their research is especially important for applications in optics and biology."
and troughs of the wave travel through the material#is so fast that it is travelling effectively in a vacuum, the explanation for the material s overall refractive index of zero (E.#J.#R.#Vesseur et al.
and are limited in their ability to image large samples by optical scattering and other aberrations. he exciting part is that this approach can acquire data at the same high speed per pixel as conventional microscopy,
Surface tension wicks the fluid up the side of the emitters to the tip of the cone whose narrowness concentrates the electrostatic field.
Through a combination of surface tension and tilting pillars water climbed up the array following the direction of the pillars.
He adds This work cleverly combines low-hysteresis droplet movement with low-magnetic-field-driven droplet propulsion to achieve impressive capabilities.
and Wang s 2013 finding in attempting to develop an improved heat-transfer surface to be used as a condenser in applications such as power plants that droplets on a superhydrophobic surface convert surface energy to kinetic energy as they merge to form larger droplets.
For example, Atlas recently made the switch to more advanced ropes that have higher tensile strength, with smaller diameters. o carry a 200-foot section of rope was up to 15 pounds;
then pulling back inward due to surface tension and bouncing away depends on the time period of oscillations in a vibrating drop, also known as the Rayleigh time.
and its refractive index a measure of how much the material forces light to bend as it passes through.
Niobium also has a very high melting point nearly 2 500 degrees Celsius so devices made from these nanowires could potentially be suitable for use in high-temperature applications.
The technology, developed collaboratively by researchers from Cornell University and Rensselaer Polytechnic institute, uses an electrochemical process called anodization to create nanoscale pores that change the electrical charge and surface energy of a metal surface,
Surface energy induced formation of single crystalline bismuth nanowires over vanadium thin film at room temperature. Nano Letters 14 5630#5635 (2014) DOI:
and metal surface roughness-by which the fabrication of nanoporous metals should be stopped when uneven porosity is known the outcome saving processing time and costs.
Tensile strength-the strength of the material when it is stretched -and compressive strength-its ability to support weight-are valuable characteristics for these materials because at just a few atoms thick their utility figures almost entirely on their physical versatility.
Take the electrode of the small lithium-ion battery that powers your watch for example ideally the conductive material in that electrode would be very small
or tensile strength-we open a new world of possibilities. This flexible new material which the group has identified as a conductive polymer nanocomposite is the latest expression of the ongoing research in Drexel's Department of Materials science and engineering on a family of composite two-dimensional materials called MXENES.
#Researchers improve thermal conductivity of common plastic by adding graphene coating (Phys. org) A team of engineering
Thermal conductivity of Graphene Laminate Nano Lett. 2014 14 (9) pp 5155-5161. DOI: 10.1021/nl501996v.
http://arxiv. org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1407/1407.1359. pdfabstractwe have investigated thermal conductivity of graphene laminate films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate substrates.
and a set of suspended samples with the graphene laminate thickness from 9 to 44 m. The thermal conductivity of graphene laminate was found to be in the range from 40 to 90 W/mk at room temperature.
The thermal conductivity scales up linearly with the average graphene flake size in both uncompressed and compressed laminates.
The compressed laminates have higher thermal conductivity for the same average flake size owing to better flake alignment.
Coating plastic materials with thin graphene laminate films that have up to 600 higher thermal conductivity than plastics may have important practical implications s
and carbon dioxide released by the NCA sample a key indicator of potential flammability. The oxygen release peaked between 300 and 400 degrees Celsius during our trials
and patented a nanofluid improving thermal conductivity at temperatures up to 400°C without assuming an increase in costs
and it offers enhanced thermal conductivity properties (an increase of up to 30%)of existing heat transfer fluids.
One characteristic that is common to all of them, according to Juliá, is"their low thermal conductivity, which is what limits the efficiency of the heat exchange systems that use them.
and increases the thermal conductivity by adding an exact proportion of nanoparticles consisting on carbon and other additives to the base fluid (diphenyl/diphenyl oxide),
it becomes possible to obtain increases of up to 30%in the thermal conductivity of the base fluid.
In recent years carbon nanotubes have emerged as a promising material of electron field emitters owing to their nanoscale needle shape and extraordinary properties of chemical stability thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.
Surface tension wicks the fluid up the side of the emitters to the tip of the cone whose narrowness concentrates the electrostatic field.
and tensile strength compared to untreated aluminum alloy sheets. We plan to continue this research to further improve the mechanical and thermal properties as well as the wear resistance of the nanocomposites says Guo.
In the context of nuclear energy composites have been proposed for the fuel itself as a way for example to improve the basic properties of the material such as the thermal conductivity.
It is the thermal conductivity that dictates how efficiently energy can be extracted from the fuel. Composites have also been created to store the by-products of the nuclear energy cycle nuclear waste where the different components of the composite can each store a different part of the waste.
very low electrical resistance high thermal conductivity and mechanically stretchable yet harder than diamond. Now ORC researchers have developed molybdenum di-sulphide (Mos2) a similar material to graphene that shares many of its properties including extraordinary electronic conduction
and thermal conductivity but also on their tunable chemical characters such as functional groups doping and surface modification.
Guiding Brain tumor Resection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles and a Hand-held Raman Scanner ACS Nano Article ASAPDOI:
The resulting Al nanowire networksith a width of 500 nm and an area fraction of 22.0%xhibited 80%optical transmittance and sheet resistance of 45 O sq-1
is produced by plasmonic-enhanced optical scattering of the nanostructures. The subwavelength distance offers certain advantages.
and it's extremely strong its tensile strength is even stronger than steel Hunt said. Air doesn't damage it.
The manufacture of`super-black`carbon nanotube-based materials has required traditionally high temperatures preventing their direct application to sensitive electronics or materials with relatively low melting points.
The catalysts, tungsten-based bimetallic alloy nanoparticles of non-cubic symmetry, have high melting points and consequently are able to maintain their crystal structure during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process,
As part of the study, the scientists examined the different configurations of the nanoparticles on top of the liquid layer using x-ray scattering at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light source (NSLS.
By combining the synchrotron scattering and electron microscopy imaging we could confirm that the transfer can be done with minimal disruption to the monolayer."
of which has a unique melting point. Mixing the nanoparticles together allows for creating unique thermal signatures.
because the test requires a high scattering of light at about 850 nanometres for good image contrast."
"Ultraviolet spectroscopy was used on the silica-gold core-shell nanoparticles made by Mr Duczynski to better understand their optical properties, such as extinction, scattering and absorption.
"I was able to see some scattering of the iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles,
It abandons the black chromium that was used for panels currently on the market in favor of a multilayer composite of cobalt for its corrosion resistance, manganese for black,
and copper for its thermal conductivity.""We wanted to develop selective layers that absorb light well
The Teflon has a low refractive index, while the ceramic refractive index is higher, a combination which allows light to be dispersed through the sheet without any absorption.
Prof. Boubacar Kanté, senior author of the study xtremely Thin Dielectric Metasurface for Carpet Cloakingnvisibility may seem like magic at first
Thus, one can control the path of waves by appropriately designing the material parameters (electric permittivity and magnetic permeability.
e can control solar transmittance. Unlike a pressed or blown-glass part, which necessarily has a smooth internal surface,
e can control solar transmittance. Unlike a pressed or blown-glass part, which necessarily has a smooth internal surface,
#Pillared Graphene structures Gain Strength, Toughness and Ductility In a newly published study, scientists from Rice university reveal that putting nanotube pillars between sheets of graphene could create hybrid structures with a unique balance of strength, toughness
and ductility throughout all three dimensions. Carbon nanomaterials are common now as flat sheets, nanotubes and spheres,
But pillared graphene models showed far better strength and stiffness and a 42 percent improvement in out-of-plane ductility,
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
and it is working to improve on the tensile strength of these polymers, but there is progress here.
"In contrast to light, low-frequency ultrasound can travel through the body without any scattering, "he noted."
or the tendency of the 3d printed object to deform after it is 3d printed because of surface tension, gravity,
This proprietary technique uses titanium with a surface roughness of 3-5 microns that unlike smooth titanium or other biomaterials such as PEEK, has been associated in preclinical data with bone growth (osteoblastic) activity.
the UFL team were trying to find a way to deal with the problems of low surface tension
especially in the case of biomaterials. olding material within the gel negates the effects of surface tension, gravity,
or greater thermal conductivity. iniaturization results in less space to dissipate heat generated from today high-performance processors,
Angstron is able to tailor its thermal foil sheets in thicknesses ranging from 5 um to 40 um with thermal conductivity between 800 W/m-K and 1,
This is possible because it can automatically define all the different parts of a cell based on an optical property called the"refractive index".
#Berkeley Lab M-TIP Solves Reconstruction Problem for Fluctuation X-ray Scattering But because these objects are a thousand times smaller than the width of human hair,
This novel reconstruction method plays a central role in mapping out the strengths of fluctuation scattering as a routine biophysical technique. vercoming the Limitations of Traditional Imagingwith advances in light source technology,
X-ray sources and optics bring fluctuation scattering of cryogenically frozen large macromolecular machines within practical reach of modern synchrotrons,
The thermal expansion of these nanoparticles generates sound that can be detected with an ultrasound transducer attached to the skin.
but surface tension keeps it from leaking into the side channels, while still allowing the cells to enter. hat the key,
surface tension drives where it goes, so we decided to use surface tension to our advantage. oon,
Kamm was using the device in his lab: In a 2011 study, researchers in his group discovered that breast cancer cells can break free from tumors
the team first had to solve the problem of surface tension. The Robobee is so small and light it couldn't break the surface tension of the water at first.
But the researchers worked out a way of making it hover over the water at a certain angle,
The secret of its design is a scattering of billions of carbon'nanotubes'-microscopic hollow carbon rods.
Recent test samples have achieved compressive strengths of 7, 000psi twice the strength of ordinary concrete and have demonstrated resistance to water and chemical erosion.
it changes the membrane's surface tension.""That change is very tiny--as small as a few nanometers or less,
designing the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
Due to the high refractive index (2. 4) of diamond, the photon collection efficiency from the nitrogen vacancy centers in bulk diamond is low."
#Controllable protein gates deliver on-demand permeability in artificial nanovesicles Researchers at the University of Basel have succeeded in building protein gates for artificial nano-vesicles that become transparent only under specific conditions.
Until now, permeability in nanovesicles has been achieved using natural proteins that operate as pores in the protective membrane,
What makes aluminum appealing is the low flammability, low cost and high-charge storage capacity. A major challenge with developing aluminum batteries is finding materials that produce sufficient voltage after repeated recharging cycles.
insects called water striders are small enough for their weight to be supported almost entirely by the surface tension of water the same phenomenon that makes water droplets bead up.
the scientists found that the maximum force the water striders'legs exerted was always just below the maximum force that water's surface tension could withstand.
thereby maximizing the surface tension the legs experienced. Next, the scientists developed lightweight robots made of glass-fiber-reinforced composite materials that,
Scientists refer to this deformability as ductility. The high-entropy alloy materialade of equal parts niobium, molybdenum, tantalum,
and ductility than those made of pure tungsten. This is despite the fact that the high-entropy alloy melting point is significantly lower than that of pure tungsten (around 2, 900 versus 3, 400 degrees Celsius.
The scientists produced the 3-micrometer film using magnetron sputtering, a coating method often used in the field of microelectronics.
where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n denotes the refractive index of the medium in which the light pulse propagates.
The amplitude depends on distance, size, reflectivity and angle of the object with respect to the sensor. An object will be detected by the sensor
low-frequency ultrasound can travel through the body without any scattering. Light-based techniques are great for some uses and
Subcritical fluid technology uses water above its boiling point and below its critical temperature, under pressure. In subcritical water medium, starch can be modified to influence the film properties, such as its tensile strength
elongation, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Saldaña team has obtained already an international Patent Cooperation Treaty application for the processing method
Corrosion resistance isn't the only super-trait of these metals. They can also be made stronger and lighter than steel,
It is the scattering of light be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
Adsorption of molecules from solution onto a sensing surface alters the refractive index of the medium near this surface and,
a moth's eyes are antireflective because of naturally covered tapered nanostructures where the refractive index gradually increases as light travels to the moth's cornea,
the relatively weak corrosion resistance of the implants in the body and their inappropriate compatibility has resulted in a great challenge in the application of metallic alloys.
#Dielectric film has refractive index close to air The refractive indices of naturally occurring materials are limited, and there exists an index gap between indices of air and available solid materials.
Here we demonstrate a class of ordered nanolattice materials consisting of periodic thin-shell structures with near-unity refractive index and high stiffness.
these ordered nanostructured material have reduced optical scattering and improved mechanical stability compared to existing randomly porous materials.
The demonstrated low-index, low-scattering, and high-stiffness materials can serve as high-quality optical films in multilayer photonic structures, waveguides, resonators,
At issue is called something refractive index, which measures how much light bends when it moves through a substance.
Air, for example, has a refractive index of 1, while water has a refractive index of 1. 33
-which is why a straw appears to bend when you put it in a glass of water.
with some components having a high refractive index and others have a low one. The higher the contrast between those materials
Air has the lowest refractive index, but it isn't mechanically stable. And the lowest refractive index found in solid,
naturally occurring materials is 1. 39. But now researchers have developed a film made of aluminum oxide that has a refractive index as low as 1. 025 but that is mechanically stiff."
"By manipulating the structure of the aluminum oxide, which is dielectric, we've improved both its optical and mechanical properties,
which gives it a more mechanically robust structure without impairing the refractive index, "says Xu Zhang,
and allows us to design the refractive index of the film.""Regardless of the how thick the coating is,
This change in reflectivity, in turn, switches how nearby erbium ions emit light. As the VO2 changes phase, the erbium emissions go from being generated mostly by magnetic dipole transitions (the rotational torque push
and inhibiting stimulated Brillouin scattering in photonic integrated circuits")."from left: Professor Benjamin Eggleton, Thomas Bttner and Moritz Merklein, researchers from CUDOS at the University of Sydney with the chalcogenide photonic chip.
This nonlinear scattering process can cause signal distortions in fibre communications and signal processing applications and is well known to limit the capacity of optical fiber communications networks.
but have the tensile strength of a thick wire. The bundle can rapidly contract and relax while exerting a high tensile force,
thus electrons travel dont travel very far--roughly 10 nanometers or less--before scattering off an obstacle.
If this disorder can be realized in real composite materials then we could tailor the thermal conductivity of the system,
For instance, the surface roughening of nanowires is known to reduce the thermal conductivity contribution of high-frequency phonons
The researchers hope their model will help scientists design composite materials with low thermal conductivity. One attractive application is thermoelectric devices,
a low thermal conductivity is desirable for optimal performance e
#Smart micelles for marine environments martmaterials that alter their structure in response to specific, controllable stimuli have applications in various fields, from biomedical science to the oil industry.
because the metals have an incredibly high melting point. Instead of melting the metals to fuse them,
The same bonding that makes the molecules soluble for printing fabrication processes also leaves them prone to low melting points,
In contrast, Nanolives technology detects the physical refractive index of the different cell parts with resolution far beyond the diffraction limit (see Nobel prize 2014 for chemistry.
and digitally paint the part of a cell based on their physical properties (called refractive index). STEVE will automatically define all regions with same refractive index characteristics (different organelles have different optical properties)
and digitally stain them with the same color. This process is quantitative and can be applied for a limitless amount of colors.
The valleys in the surface roughness typically need to be less than one micron in width, the researchers found.
and without the key surface roughness and submerged them in water. Samples with the nanoscale roughness remained dry for up to four months
"The researchers also report that nature uses the same strategy of surface roughness in certain aquatic insects, such as water bugs and water striders.
and reabsorption and scattering of propagating photons. We replaced the molecular dyes in previous LSC systems with core/shell nanoparticles composed of cadmium selenide (Cdse) cores
and scattering to obtain the optimum nanoparticle, he says. Our use of photonic mirrors that are matched carefully to the narrow bandwidth of our quantum dot lumophores allowed us to achieve waveguide efficiency exceeding the limit imposed by total internal reflection.
#Pillared graphene gains strength Rice university researchers discovered that putting nanotube pillars between sheets of graphene could create hybrid structures with a unique balance of strength, toughness and ductility throughout all three dimensions.
But pillared graphene models showed far better strength and stiffness and a 42 percent improvement in out-of-plane ductility,
"It is the scattering of light-be infrared it visible , X-ray, etc.,-from its interaction with matter that enables us to detect
It has application in devices with high requirements for efficient dissipation and homogenous thermal expansion such as high-power engines, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) instruments, and thermal sensors."
Adsorption of molecules from solution onto a sensing surface alters the refractive index of the medium near this surface and,
which checked its fire, water, wind, impact, acoustic and permeability resistance. The fire test was the most demanding. e had many concerns about it,
A particular unit of the façade, called Advanced Passive solar Collector and Ventilation Unit, was required to pass special tests, like acoustic and permeability tests.
and the Center for Translational Medicine at Temple University School of medicine (TUSM), shows that the protein, spastic paraplegia 7 (SPG7), is the central component of the so-called permeability transition pore (PTP),
#New metamaterial enables refractive index of zero Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of engineering and Applied sciences (SEAS) say they have made it easier to manipulate light at the nanoscale.
They have developed the first on-chip metamaterial with a refractive index of zero, meaning that the phase of light can travel infinitely fast.
what happens when a material refractive index is reduced to zero:""There is no phase advance, meaning light no longer behaves as a moving wave, traveling through space in a series of crests and troughs.
This change in reflectivity, in turn, switches how nearby erbium ions emit light. As the VO2 changes phase, the erbium emissions go from being generated mostly by magnetic dipole transitions (the rotational torque push
it becomes tinted to about 30 percent light transmittance, and this allows the energy to be captured more efficiently."
"After discharge, the team reports that light transmittance rises to approximately 60 percent.""How did they make the electrodes so thin?
Solar energy heats the zeolite and increases the methanol vapor pressure, the refrigerant is condensed and stored in a tank flowing to the evaporator."
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