and progression to AIDS that you would expect without drug therapy, "said lead author Giovanna Rappocciolo, assistant professor at University of Pittsburgh in the US.
"These results improve understanding of how nonprogressors control HIV without drug therapy and potentially may contribute to new approaches to manage HIV infection,"Rappocciolo added.
#utated lepto bacteria resistant to drugs, heatmumbai: Scientists at the premier Regional Medical Reference Centre (RMRC) at Port Blair have found that the bacterial species that causes leptospirosis is no longer socially aloof,
when attacked with normal doses of antibiotics, ultraviolet radiation or even heat. Understanding leptospira's mutation,
some of the leading antibiotics used to treat acute leptospirosis in humans and animals,"said Dr Paluru Vijayachari, director of the Port Blair institute."
and intricately patterned shapes that could ultimately lead to injectable materials for delivering drugs or cells into the human body.
Among other applications for the automated DNA folding process include helping researchers develop nanoscale structures for targeted drug delivery
including drug delivery systems, possibly in the next 5 to 10 years. i
#3d printed smartphone device reads ELISA diagnostic tests accurately and within one minute In remote or developing countries,
#CAP-XX Introduces Thinline Supercapacitors with Unique Nanotechnology Construction Examples include wearables (medical, fitness and health monitors, smart watches, drug delivery systems), portables (active
A promising area of use seems to be the transport of drugs to specific areas of the body.
This sort of'smart'container for medicines could carry out carefully planned drug therapy in a selected organ in the human body.
The project goal is to develop new tools to elucidate the mechanism of action of a threat agent, drug, biologic or chemical on living cells within 30 days from exposure.
#Graphene-Coated Catheters May Improve Delivery of Chemotherapy drugs The research suggests that placing graphene-an extremely thin sheet of carbon atoms-on the internal surfaces of intravenous catheters commonly used to deliver chemotherapy drugs into a patient's body will improve the efficacy of treatments,
The study indicates that damaging interactions can occur between the most commonly used chemotherapy drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu),
As a result of this damage the researchers believe the drug may not deliver the desired therapeutic effect in patients
nobody has looked ever at the chemical reaction between chemotherapy drugs and the materials they routinely come into contact with, such as catheters and needles and their coatings.
It is assumed just that the drugs are delivered into the body intact.""We have shown that silver is catalytically degrading the chemotherapy drugs,
which means they are probably not being delivered correctly into the patient. Our research indicates that one of the decay products of this reaction is HF,
as well as the drug's reactions with silver and graphene. XPS is used a technique to measure the surface chemistry of a particular material by firing a beam of x-rays at it
which there is a massive loss of the element fluoride from the drug, leading to the creation of HF.
and that graphene caused no damage to the drug. Graphene is a biocompatible material with low toxicity that has already been suggested as an external coating for biomedical applications.
Together with our collaborators and students, we are increasing our understanding of the critical interactions between drugs and medical coatings,
We will also look to extend our experiments to include other chemotherapy drugs.""Source: http://ioppublishing. org g
using broad-spectrum antibiotics. These powerful combinations of potent drugs are often effective, but using them routinely raises the risk of deadly multidrug-resistant bacteria emerging.
The new QPIU technology promises to deliver better point-of-care diagnostics by reducing the time it takes to specifically identify bacteria
allowing doctors to prescribe the best drugs available to treat an infection and improving outcomes for people with hospital-acquired infections though the effectiveness of the approach remains to be proven in future clinical trials.
if they can distinguish between several types of bacterial subgroups to identify the most drug resistant or virulent strains from the innocuous ones.
and to measure changes in those signals as they administered cardio-or neuro-stimulating drugs."
Gutruf said the research used zinc oxide-present in most sunscreens as a fine powder mixed into a lotion-as the UV sensing material.
biotechnology and nanobiotechnology for applications including targeted drug delivery. Chirality of an object is its property that allows it to be non-superimposable with its mirror image.
#Nano-Packaged Drug Can Halt and Reverse Progression of Atherosclerosis in Rodents In what may be a major leap forward in the quest for new treatments of the most common form of cardiovascular disease,
By contrast, the team's previous research showed the drug was effective in preventing atherosclerosis
the nano-packaged drug improved physiologic outcomes among animals with heart muscle thickening and pumping dysfunction, the hallmarks of advanced disease."
or break a drug, "says lead investigator Subroto Chatterjee, Ph d.,a professor of medicine and pediatrics at the Johns hopkins university School of medicine and a metabolism expert at its Heart and Vascular Institute."
"In our study, the right packaging vastly improved the drug's performance and its ability not merely to prevent disease
stems from fast uptake by various tissues and organs and from the slow clearance of the encapsulated form of the drug.
Next, to observe how quickly the body broke down the nano-wrapped and the original forms of the drug,
The kidneys are the final stop on most drugs'journey inside the body just before they are cleared through urine.
and cholesterol levels as did treated animals with free-floating forms of the drug. However, animals treated with the free-floating form of D-PDMP required 10 times higher doses to achieve GSL
and cholesterol levels observed in mice given the nano-encapsulated form of the drug. When scientists measured the thickness of the animals'aortas--the body's largest vessel responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body--they observed stark differences among the groups they say.
Mice treated with either version of the drug fared better, but animals that got the encapsulated form of the drug had aortas nearly indistinguishable from the aortas of healthy mice fed a regular diet, according to researchers.
Most strikingly, they reported, D-PDMP treatment improved heart function in mice with advanced forms of atherosclerotic heart disease, marked by heart muscle thickening
and pumping ability improved in animals that received treatment with the encapsulated form of the drug,
However, mice given non-encapsulated drug required 10 times higher doses to achieve similar benefits.
Researchers say their next step is to test how the drug performs in larger mammals.
#Encapsulated, Nanobody-Targeted Drugs Cold Help Treat Sleeping sickness Sleeping sickness, or African trypanosomiasis, is caused by trypanosome parasites transmitted by tsetse flies
The existing drugs have serious side effects, and the parasites are developing resistance. A study published on June 25th in PLOS Pathogens reports a new way to circumvent drug resistance
and lower the curative dose by delivering existing drugs directly into the parasite, a high-tech approach with potential applications to other infectious diseases.
Current treatment of sleeping sickness relies primarily on four drugs. Three of these drugs get into the interior of the parasite cells via the trypanosome's transport proteins that normally supply the parasite with nutrients,
and drug resistance is caused by mutations that cripple these transporters. Jose Garcia-Salcedo, from the Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria in Granada, Spain,
and colleagues reasoned that using an alternative way to get the drugs into parasite cells would circumvent resistance.
The researchers developed a drug carrier that consists of polymeric nanoparticles coated with specialized antibodies that target a small conserved (i e.
invariable) part of the parasite surface. Much of the trypanosome surface is highly variable, which is why the chances of developing an effective vaccine have been deemed low.)
They show that this new formulation reduces the minimal curative dose in a disease model, based on infections in mice, by 100-fold and,
most importantly, circumvents drug resistance in a cell line that is resistant as a result of mutations in the transporter that mediates drug uptake.
the development of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with current trypanocidal drugs coated by a specific nanobody against trypanosomes can reduce the minimal curative dose of these drugs,
"The implication of this proof-of-concept study of a novel technology for reversing transporter-related drug resistance,
"is limited not to a single nanobody used to demonstrate the technology, nor to a single drug, nor indeed to trypanosomiasis.""
""With a key challenge being that resistance to drugs is spreading faster than new drugs are being developed and approved,
nanobody-targeted drugs as described here has the potential to reverse resistance to many first-line treatments
#Nanotechnology Drug in Droplets for Painless Treatment of Secondary Blindness The Mexican company"Medical and Surgical Center for Retina"created a way to transport drugs,
The innovative formula results eliminates the need to administrate the drug by intraocular injection. It is a nanotechnology product,
it releases the drugs. With the nanotechnology product the costs are reduced by 80 to 90 percent
"With this technology hospitals that have no resources can apply the needed drugs, without requiring a a specialist or a particular facility for the administration.
which also has an area of`Biotechnology and Drug Research of Biomedical engineering, Diagnosis and Treatment Equipment.
#MEMS Innovations Enable Commercialization of Implantable Microchips for Drug-Delivery An implantable, microchip-based device may soon replace the injections
and pills now needed to treat chronic diseases: Earlier this month, MIT spinout Microchips Biotech partnered with a pharmaceutical giant to commercialize its wirelessly controlled, implantable,
and osteoporosis. Now Microchips Biotech will begin co-developing microchips with Teva Pharmaceutical, the world largest producer of generic drugs,
ouldn this be a great way to make a drug-delivery system??Langer says. He brought this idea to Cima,
and somewhat fantastical, applications beyond drug delivery, including disease diagnostics and jewelry that could emit scents. e were trying to find the killer application.
Any intense heat during final assembly, with hermetic sealing, could destroy the drugs already loaded into the reservoirs
yet carry the same volume of drugs. his means making the drugs take up more volume than the electrical and other components,
This ability to control fluid structures at such small scales can be used potentially to devise new ways that improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs,
around the bloodstream to deliver lifesaving drugs. Dr Ledesma-Aguilar said: e have revealed the next piece of a puzzle that over time can lead to the controlled tailoring of liquids at extremely small scales. his knowledge opens the door to developing new devices that target other liquids, such as water-based solutions,
The results could help improve scientists'ability to build molecules that interlock very specifically with target sites on proteins-a fundamental part of designing new anticancer drugs.
The research could help other scientists to use CRYO EM in structure-based drug design studies-in which researchers build the best possible drugs starting from a molecule which already binds to the active site of a target protein.
"Revealing the molecule's detailed shape could be the first step towards designing more precise drugs to block it.
and drugs that block it are already available to patients -but making drugs that are more effective
the antimalarial garment can be worn during the day to provide extra protection and does not dissipate like skin-based repellants.
and whether drugs could be developed to stop it from happening. orth West Cancer Research (NWCR) has funded the research as part of a collaborative project between the University of Warwick and the University of Liverpool,
along with other researchers developed nanoscale particles that introduce silver antimicrobial potency to a biocompatible lignin core.
People have been interested in using silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes, but there are lingering concerns about their environmental impact due to the long-term effects of the used metal nanoparticles released in the environment.
and environmentally responsible method to make effective antimicrobials with biomaterial cores. Velev, INVISTA Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering at NC State.
We may include less of the antimicrobial ingredient without losing effectiveness while at the same time using an inexpensive technique that has a lower environmental burden.
#New Multispectral Microscope for Studying Impact of Experimental Drugs on Biological Samples This is the largest such microscopic image ever created.
This level of multicolor detail is essential for studying the impact of experimental drugs on biological samples
RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. e recognized that the microscopy part of the drug development pipeline was much slower than it could be designed
and tissues respond to specific chemicals and experimental drugs. Such research, however, is very data intensive and slow
Impact of Big data on Multispectral Imagingthe goal of this technology is to speed up drug discovery.
if a specific drug kills cancer cells more often than healthy cells. This requires testing the same drug on thousands to millions of cells with varying doses and under different conditions,
which is normally a very time-consuming and labor-intensive task. The new microscope presented in this paper speeds up this process
which will help researchers discover life-changing drugs more quickly and efficiently, concludes Orth. Source:
#Nanolock Signs Agreement to License Patents and Related Anti-Biofilm Nanoparticles to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance Nanolock,
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered to be the most urgent and important challenge of all medical fields.
"The nano-polymer additive has a broad spectrum of antibacterial effect. It kills Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria,
They initially sought to develop nanoparticles that could be used to deliver drugs to cancer cells. Brandl had synthesized previously polymers that could be cleaved apart by exposure to UV light.
But he and Bertrand came to question their suitability for drug delivery, since UV light can be damaging to tissue and cells,
and approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a food additive, and polylactic acid, a biodegradable plastic used in compostable cups and glassware.
The study also suggests the broader potential for adapting nanoscale drug-delivery techniques developed for use in environmental remediation. hat we can apply some of the highly sophisticated,
as a result of damage caused by the drug thalidomide, while others suffer from hearing impairments. hese specific disabilities led to concrete ideas,
Historically drug development activities in this space have focused on blocking mtorc1 activation in part because hyperactivation of the pathway can lead to aberrant growth seen in cancer
The U s. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have estimated that drug overdoses kill more than 44,000 Americans annually,
Federal officials also say that at least one in 20 Americans ingests drugs prescribed for someone else.
and build a theft-and tamper-resistant pill dispenser. The Johns Hopkins studentstamper-resistant pill dispenser prototype features a fingerprint scanner
at left, which verifies the patient identity and then releases, at right, the correct dosage only within the prescribed time frame.
Johns hopkins university) e needed this personal pill afeto have tamper resistance, personal identification capabilities, and a locking mechanism that allows only a pharmacist to load the device with pills,
said Kavi Bhalla, assistant professor at the university Bloomberg School of Public health and one of the team mentors for the project.
and circuitry to ensure that drugs are dispensed only to the prescribed patient at the prescribed intervals and in the prescribed dosage.
which picks up a pill from a loaded cartridge and empties it into the exit channel.
The pill falls down the channel and lands on a platform where the patient can see that the pill has been dispensed.
and catches the pill in their hand, explains Carney, of Larchmont, New york. According to Heaney, of Oyster Bay, New york,
but also simple for the pharmacist to unlock, load with pills, and then relock. nce the team members were satisfied with the input from the pharmacist,
and Microsystems Lab at UF, worked on the project with Fong Wong, an associate professor in UF Restorative Dental Sciences Department and Craniofacial Center.
It may also prove useful in discovering concealed goods in the retail industry or for non-destructive monitoring, for example quality control in drugs or food.
and security applications, including airborne and ground-based surveillance, condition monitoring, research and development, manufacturing process control, search and rescue, drug interdiction, navigation, transportation safety, border
a sulfa-based compound found in many prescription glaucoma drugs, actually turns off the bacterium's ability to invade the immune system.
The research paper is in the current issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.""Basically, ethoxzolamide stops TB from deploying its weapons...
and slow the emergence of drug resistance, particularly if found to work in conjunction with other existing TB drugs.
Current treatments can last up to six months.""The single biggest reason for the evolution of drug-resistant strains is the long course of treatment,
"Abramovitch said.""It's difficult for a patient to complete the entire antibiotic course required to kill all of the bacteria.
Shortening the duration will help slow the development of these resistant strains.""Trying to kill TB bacteria isn't the only way of stopping the disease though, Abramovitch added."
"We don't necessarily have to find drugs that kill TB, we just need to find ones that interfere with the bug's ability to sense
#'Home-brewed morphine'made possible Scientists have figured out how to brew morphine using the same kit used to make beer at home.
They have modified genetically yeast to perform the complicated chemistry needed to convert sugar to morphine.
raise promise for medicine but also concerns about"home-brewed"illegal drugs. Experts have called for tight control of organisms genetically modified to produce narcotics.
But by borrowing DNA from plants, scientists have been genetically engineering yeasts that can perform each of the steps needed to convert sugar into morphine.
and the scientists say it should now be possible to put all the steps together and"brew"morphine.
and have the yeast do all the chemical steps required downstream to make your target therapeutic drug."
"Morphine plays a vital role in pain relief in many hospitals, but it requires a poppy harvest to manufacture.
Brewed morphine could, eventually, be easier to produce. It could also allow scientists to tweak each of the steps to develop new types of painkiller.
The broad concept of using microscopic organisms to make drugs is not new in medicine.
and basic skills in fermentation would be able to grow morphine producing yeast using a a home-brew kit for beer-making,
it has already been used to build various shapes and even prototype drug-delivery"robots"."But the flexibility and ease of use of the new system are striking.
which aims to bring new drugs and medical devices to patients. Cathy Yelf, of the Macular Society, said:"
When the researchers administered drugs to inhibit the movement of certain"motor"proteins that transport mitochondria and other cargo within the cell by traveling along microtubules
#Researchers discover how opium poppies synthesize morphine From left: Peter Facchini, professor in biological sciences, Jill Hagel, research associate,
Many people who live in developing countries do not have access to the pain relief that comes from morphine or other analgesics.
and research associate Jill Hagel, have characterized a novel gene that encodes the gateway enzyme in the formation of morphine
which encodes the gateway enzyme in the formation of morphine, "says Farrow.""It's really interesting to see these fused genes in a metabolic pathway.
and detail the missing step to morphine biosynthesis. Next steps Facchini says the isolation of this gene,
among many other things, is a key step toward the reassembly of the pathway to morphine in microorganisms such as yeast."
"These efforts could lead to the development of alternative production systems for painkillers such as morphine,
and a drug-screening tool to make pregnancies safer. In experiments to be published Tuesday, July 14, in the journal Nature Communications,
"This technology could help us quickly screen for drugs likely to generate cardiac birth defects, and guide decisions about
which drugs are dangerous during pregnancy.""Screening for drug toxicity To test the potential of the system as a drug-screening tool,
the researchers exposed the differentiating cells to thalidomide, a drug known to cause severe birth defects.
They found that at normal therapeutic doses, the drug led to abnormal development of microchambers, including decreased size,
problems with muscle contraction and lower beat rates compared with heart tissue that had not been exposed to thalidomide."
"Each year, as many as 280,000 pregnant women are exposed to drugs with evidence of potential fetal risk.
and the potential for generating cardiac defects is of utmost concern in determining drug safety during pregnancy."
and other UC Berkeley researchers publicly debuted a system of beating human heart cells on a chip that could be used to screen for drug toxicity.
Phd, made a significant discovery on how HIV escapes the body's antiviral responses. The team uncovered how an HIV viral protein known as Vpu tricks the immune system by using its own regulatory process to evade the host's first line of defence.
The study's goal was to determine how HIV manages to compromise antiviral responses in the initial period of infection,
and antiviral drugs, represent the primary barrier to a cure.""An important component in this process is a group of proteins collectively called type 1 Interferons,
The Interferon then triggers a large array of defence mechanisms in nearby cells, creating an antiviral state that prevents the dissemination and, ultimately,
However, HIV uses the viral protein Vpu to counteract BST2 antiviral activity.""""With this study, we uncovered a unique mechanism
and ILT7 to limit the body's antiviral response, which allows the virus to spread
all the while counteracting its direct antiviral activity on HIV production.""""The hope for a definitive cure and an effective vaccine has been frustrated by HIV's endless propensity to subvert the host's defences
"Our findings can provide tools to enhance antiviral responses during the early stages of infection.
while also allowing pdcs to trigger effective antiviral responses. We believe that such interventions during primary infection have the potential to limit the establishment and complexity of viral reservoirs,
drugs that target this entry protein might help prevent the spread of disease. Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium falciparum,
CD68 may represent a potential new drug target in the fight against malaria a
#Study finds non-genetic cancer mechanism Cancer can be caused solely by protein imbalances within cells,
As the gatekeeper of the digestive track, this massive organ is responsible for drug breakdown and is therefore the first to be injured due to overdose or misuse.
Evaluating this drug-induced liver injury is a critical part of pharmaceutical drug discovery and must be carried out on human liver cells.
"This is quite a revolution for pharmaceutical drug discovery, "said Prof. Yaakov Nahmias, the study's senior author."
and could not be used reliably for drug discovery. In fact, up until now stem cell-derived hepatocytes showed little ability to predict clinical outcome."
"The limited availability of functional hepatocytes for drug testing is a major bottleneck bringing pharmaceutical companies to spend $1 billion/year on liver cells alone."
and bile acids that activate the fetal liver's dormant drug metabolism program. The groundbreaking work further demonstrated that liver cells produced from either embryonic stem cells
can detect the toxic effect of over a dozen drugs with greater than 97%accuracy."
"The implications for liver biology and drug discovery are said quite staggering Prof. Oren Shibolet, Head of the Liver Unit at the Tel-aviv Sourasky Medical center, who was involved not in this study."
and is likely to critically improve our ability to predict drug toxicity, which was limited previously by the unavailability of liver cells.
and drug metabolism in their children to develop quiet differently.""Source: The Hebrew University of Jerusale e
The researchers say that the technique could be used to develop drugs that specifically target the peripheral nervous system
a finding they say could lead to new pain-relieving drugs. People with two mutant copies of the PRDM12 gene experience a condition called congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP.
'We are very hopeful that this new gene could be an excellent candidate for drug development,
Two other genes linked to CIP are already being used to develop drugs currently being tested as painkillers.
#Bubble delivery can rescue failing drug candidates, says Oxford team The technique has the support of pharma companies including GSK and Pfizer,
The professor told in-Pharmatechnologist. com the method can be used to help small and large molecule medicines hone in on their targets. ith all therapies that are used currently particularly cancer the major problem is very little of the drug makes it to the target site.
That true of both conventional and antibody therapy. e inject drugs into the bloodstream and they go absolutely everywhere,
not straight to the tumour. his latest method ncases the drug in a bubble like a soap bubble. he bubble consists of a shell of phospholipids surrounding a gas core made of fluorocarbons gases of very high molecular weight
The active drug part can sit within the shell, inside another layer of liquid, or tagged onto the outside of the shell.
said Stride. hen we expose it to ultrasound that will break the shell and release the drug. ew dawn for ADCS,
While scientists around the world are researching other types of stimuli-responsive drug delivery, he good thing about ultrasound is it helps push the drug into the tissue often the cells youe trying to get at are nowhere near the surface of the tumour. he method can even magnetise the bubbles
so they accumulate at the target site. The bubbles last less than ten minutes in the bloodstream before breaking down,
Stride told us the bubble delivery technique could be especially helpful in rescuing four types of drug:
A clinical study at the University of Oxford is currently investigating using an existing drug in combination with ultrasound but without the bubble technology,
and pharma and is developing the technique through the Oxford Centre for Drug Delivery Devices o
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011