Magnetic resonance imaging and other scanning technologies can indicate the size of a tumor, while the most detailed information about how well a treatment is working comes from pathologistsexaminations of tissue taken in biopsies.
Yet these methods offer only snapshots of tumor response and the invasive nature of biopsies makes them a risky procedure that clinicians try to minimize.
while reducing patientsexposure to serious side effects. e wanted to make a device that would give us a chemical signal about what happening in the tumor,
if the tumor is shrinking, you could get an early read to see if youe moving in the right direction.
on-demand data concerning two biomarkers linked to a tumor response to treatment: ph and dissolved oxygen.
you can see the response chemically before you see a tumor actually shrink, Cima says.
and the inflammation will make the tumor appear to be growing, even while the therapy is effective.
since tumors thrive in low-oxygen (hypoxic) conditions. t turns out that the more hypoxic the tumor is,
could let you see how hypoxia was changing in the tumor, so you could adjust the radiation accordingly.
so we can use them to monitor tumor response, Cima says. e did a little bit of that in these experiments,
#Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgical Tool Feels For Tumors, Study Tumors often look identical to healthy nearby tissue,
but they tend to feel different. Surgeons often use their fingers to feel the size and shape of
The development of a new method to grow three-dimensional organoid cultures of pancreatic tumors directly from patients'surgical tissue offers a promising opportunity for testing targeted therapies
'mini tumors'in a culture dish,"explains the study's corresponding author Senthil Muthuswamy, Phd, Director of the Cell biology Program in the Cancer Research Institute at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical center
or traits that are seen in the patient tumor from which they came and, therefore, can serve as an innovative platform for both cancer research and for cancer treatment."
"We have developed now a new methodology to grow human pancreatic tumor cells from surgical tissues
and have demonstrated that these tumor organoids recreate both morphology and biology of the cancer tissue in the patient,
These new pancreatic progenitor organoids and tumor organoids can be used to model pancreatic cancer and for drug screening to identify precision therapy strategies
and works on the synthesis of substances that can inhibit tumor cell growth. The US research group under Professor Anthony J. Arduengo III is interested particularly in developing industrially applicable methods for using materials derived from wood biomass for the sustainable manufacture of a broad array of basic chemicals such as, for example,
as its ever-churning genome spawns new groups and subgroups of tumor cells in a single patient.
This type of information is critical as the treatment of CLL is geared increasingly to the unique genetic features of each patient's tumor.
however, were limited by the relatively small number of tumor tissue samples analyzed, and by the fact that those samples were taken at different stages of the treatment process,
"The growing sample size allows us to start engaging deeply with the complex interplay between different mutations found in any individual tumor,
"Wu and her team collected tumor and normal tissue samples from 538 patients with CLL, 278 of
and analyze large cohorts of tumor tissue samples with defined clinical status, "remarked Gad Getz, Phd, of the Broad Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital, co-senior author of the paper."
These discoveries will form the basis for precision medicine of CLL and other tumor types
even with the increasing number of drugs targeting specific molecular abnormalities that drive tumor growth,
often because their tumors have become resistant, and some tumors never respond to the targeted drugs.
While combining anticancer drugs appears a promising strategy, the sheer volume of drugs currently in use or in development-more than 500,
looking for effects on the number and viability of tumor cells. While several combinations showed synergistic effects-with some drugs sensitizing the cells against several other drugs-most combinations increased the response of only one or two cell lines
implying that the vulnerability of an individual patient's tumor to these combinations depends on its unique genetic signature.
and found significant synergistic effects against both tumor models.""We need to confirm this synergistic activity of vemurafenib
and identify patients whose tumors might respond.""He adds, "This study was actually a pilot project for a much larger effort within the Center for Molecular Therapeutics to map responses against drug combinations across hundreds of cancer cell lines, not just melanoma,
and look for novel combinations that will benefit subsets of patients regardless of the particular type of tumor they have.
and quickly develop tumors. The new work, published the week of November 2, 2015 in PNAS, suggests that Epha2 could be a new target for a subset of lung cancer,
"Sometimes there are hundreds of mutations in the genes of a patient's tumors, but you don't know
"Two gene mutations in particular are known to spur the growth of human tumors: KRAS and p53. Though both genes have been studied heavily,
and efficiently test the effect of these thousands of genes on tumor development. In animal models, the Salk team found that 16 of these cell-signaling genes produced molecules that had a significant effect on KRAS-and p53-related tumors.
Of these 16 molecules one especially stood out: the Epha2 enzyme, originally discovered in the lab of another Salk scientist, Tony Hunter.
but the team discovered that its absence let KRAS-associated tumors grow much more aggressively."
"With a mutation in KRAS, a tumor forms in 300 days. But without Epha2, the KRAS mutation leads to tumors in half the time, 120 to 150 days,"says Verma,
who is also an American Cancer Society Professor of Molecular biology.""This molecule Epha2 is having a huge effect on restraining cancer growth
The team also found, surprisingly, that the loss of Epha2 activated a pathway commonly associated with cancer (dubbed Hedgehog) that promotes tumor growth."
So, in some instances, Epha2 is not suppressing tumors and may be context-dependent. Therefore, we need to carefully evaluate the molecule's function
especially the mouse model, will be used by academics to isolate healthy cells modified by tumors, and by the pharmaceutical industry in the quest for novel anticancer drugs that block tumor-organ communication,
"said Anne Burtey, Ph d.,study author from the Department of Biomedicine, at the University of Bergen in Bergen, Norway."
with increased abilities to diffuse within tumors and even reach the healthy cells involved in tumor progression."
"To make this discovery, Burtey and colleagues studied the exchange of molecules between cells, by color-coding them with red or blue cellular fluorescent'dyes'or'tags.'
#A newly discovered tumor suppressor gene affects melanoma survival Of the hundreds of genes that can be mutated in a single case of melanoma,
This gene is identified a newly member of a group of genes called tumor suppressor genes.
Yardena Samuels and her team in the Institute's Molecular Cell biology Department were specifically searching for tumor suppressor genes in their database,
tumor suppressor genes normally inhibit cell growth, including that of cancer cells. However, when mutated, they act like defective brakes on cellular proliferation.
Indeed, the melanoma genome sequences contained mutations in known tumor suppressor genes, but there was also a new gene that stood out in the team's search, named RASA2.
However, loss or mutations in tumor suppressor genes like RASA2 also contribute to melanoma development;
The researchers expect the chemotherapy will destroy the majority of tumor cells and the inhibitor will eliminate cancer cells that are resistant
when tumors are present, preventing drugs from crossing from the blood stream into the diseased tissue.
"To reach inside tumors, Karathanasis'lab developed a short chain of magnetic nanoparticles made of iron oxide
and attach to the tumors'vascular walls. When nanochains congregate inside a tumor, the researchers place a wire coil,
called a solenoid, outside near the tumor. Electricity passed through the solenoid creates a weak radiofrequency field.
The field causes the magnetic tails of the chain to vibrate bursting the liposome spheres,
In testing with mouse models of aggressive brain tumors, the technology took out far more cancer cells, inhibited tumor growth better and extended life longer than traditional chemotherapy delivery.
and to form tumors. Normal neural cells do not. In testing with mouse models of the cancer, models injected with an inducible nitric acid synthase inhibitor had fewer and smaller tumors compared to control models.
In addition to the grant money, the researchers will have access to the National Cancer Institute's Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer,
steel braces straighten crooked teeth, steel scalpels remove tumors. Most of the goods we consume are delivered by ships
The researchers have proved the anti-tumor effects of the drug on immunodeficient mice. The new compound and its derivatives enabled the researchers to reduce tumor activity by 50 percent after 41 days of treatment with the drug,
administered twice a week, to mice with induced tumors. They have managed also to successfully describe the mechanisms by which the drug acts on the cancer stem cells (CSCS.
This crucial scientific breakthrough has been made by the UGR research groups"Research and development of Pharmaceutical Drugs, "directed by Professor Joaquín Campos Rosa, and"Advanced Therapies:
Moreover, from a pharmaceutical perspective this anti-tumor drug can be produced successfully in large quantities. The researchers were able to obtain the required amount of the synthesis in just five days.
which maintains the biological activity of its predecessor as an effective anti-tumor drug, but which can also be synthesized
In order to be able to test the new drug on mice and gauge its effectiveness on human tumors,
first of all they had to inject human tumor cells into immunodeficient mice (to ensure they did not reject these cancerous cells).
they discovered that some of the compounds effectively inhibited the growth of the tumor cells and the migration ability of these cells to other healthy tissues,
Althoughcscs are only found in small quantities in tumors, from a clinical perspective the ability to target them directly is of fundamental importance,
given that they are responsible for originally causing the tumor, relapses and resistance to anticancer treatments.
and a tumor, says Ali Salanti, who headed up one of the teams responsible for the discovery. he placenta is an organ,
In a manner of speaking, tumors do much the same; they grow aggressively in a relatively foreign environment. hile studying the placenta,
the survival rate for patients with very small tumors can increase up to 60%.%It is hoped that with early detection,
and carry them to tumors expressing the specific carbohydrate residue.""Based on our clinical data, we helped validate that this could be applied to melanoma
we immediately saw its potential to deliver cancer drugs in a precise, controlled way to tumors."
or conjugated to hemiasterlin (a microtubule inhibitor) and saw strong inhibition of tumor cell growth and metastasis in vivo."
#MIT's acoustic tumor cell sorting method is now up to 20 times faster A team of researchers from MIT,
The team also tested the improved method on blood samples obtained from three breast cancer patients, isolating one, eight and 59 tumor cells.
for both basic research into the complex topic of circulating tumor cells and for clinical assessment of different types of cancer,"said Carnegie mellon president Subra Suresh.
But now, researchers have developed genetically modified salmonella that turns toxic only after it enters a tumor.
This strain has been demonstrated to colonize tumors and attack the cancer cells. It was the group's thinking that altering part of the bacteria's outer membrane called the lipopolysaccharide structure (LPS) could serve to improve its safety.
They then tested variants of the newly modified Salmonella strains both in the lab with human cancer cells and in mice with tumors.
and shrinking the tumors when injected into the mice, without the typical negative impacts on the surrounding healthy cells.
when it arrives at the tumor is attributed to how Salmonella develops in different environments. In regular cells, Salmonella will divide only once or twice each day,
while inside a tumor it divides hourly.""This transition from a benign, invasive Salmonella that doesn't hurt normal cells to the toxic type occurs very rapidly (time wise) in the tumor due to the very rapid growth
and cell division that occurs when Salmonella enters a tumor, "says Dr. Roy Curtiss, one of the study's researchers and Professor of Microbiology at Arizona State university.
Curtiss says that when the technique finds it way into human trials, it will most likely be used in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
including following tumor removal, spinal fusion surgery or fractures. Normally, bone grafts involve using bone from another part of the patient's body,
and then later initiating tumor growth, Dr. Sanaz Memarzadeh, a senior author of the study said.
How We Might Starve Tumors by Cutting off Food supply In their hunger to find ways to cure cancer,
scientists may have found a method to starve tumors to death. Cancer cells must find nutrients to grow.
and their research suggests it may be possible to starve tumors by targeting it. e found that aggressive cancer cells manufacture more PAT4,
while patients that showed higher levels had more trouble fighting tumors and a higher chance of remission.
it will slow tumor growth. Now that theye identified a mechanism that allows tumors to grow
the researchers believe they can find a way to use it as part of a combination treatment that will lead to a higher survival rate for patients.
while doctors seek the right chemicals to beat back a tumor. Now, two research teams say they have found ways to speed up the process by allowing doctors to try multiple treatments at once:
The device can be used to inject multiple drugs into tumors that are close to the surface of a person's skin.
First, the needles are loaded with drugs, pressed into the tumor and then withdrawn, with each needle leaving behind a columnlike trail of a drug that spans the full depth of the tumor.
one to three days later, researchers can remove a piece of the tumor and examine the cells to see the effect of each drug
whether it killed the tumor cells, slowed their growth or had no effect. That analysis can tell doctors
the cylinder is designed to be implanted into the tumor, and then diffusion allows the drugs to move from the tubes into the surrounding cancerous tissue.
A biopsy of the tumor is taken a day or two later a doctor removes the cylinder
The technology, published in journal Science Translational Medicine, measures the level of circulating tumor DNA (ctdna),
the DNA that has been shed by circulating tumor cells, in plasma isolated from blood. By measuring the level of genetic mutations in the ctdna,
Zev Gartner, Phd, the paper senior author, stated that he hopes to use this technology to study how changes in the structure of mammary glands can cause the destruction of tissue structure that is associated with tumors that metastasize.
but it's very difficult to identify all of the places where a tumor has spread,
some tumors in laboratory animals began to regrow after two weeks. But with the addition of the combinatorial genetic therapy to weaken the cancer cell defenses,
"The tumors exposed to a single dose of a combinatorial therapy were eradicated completely from the mice
#Portable Nanosensors Help Early Diagnosis of Breast cancer Tumors The nanosensor will be able to help the early diagnosis of breast cancer tumors even at very tiny dimensions after the completion of tests
The aim of the research was to facilitate the diagnosis of cancer tumors, including breast cancer, without the need for advanced clinical devices.
and simulated in this research for the early and easy diagnosis of breast tumors. The nanosensor consists of plasmonic nanoparticles that are placed at regular distance from each other.
the sensor is very sensitive to changes in electromagnetic fields that are dispersed with different tissues (normal and tumor.
The throughputs of waves are different through natural and tumor tissues. Therefore, the interaction of tissues with electromagnetic waves created by a similar electrical field ends in different results.
The meaningful signal is a tool for the detection of tumor tissue e
#Pushing the limits of lensless imaging: At the Frontiers in Optics conference researchers will describe a custom-built ultrafast laser that could help image everything from semiconductor chips to cells in real time Using ultrafast beams of extreme ultraviolet light streaming at a 100,000 times a second, researchers
and cure bones damaged due to tumors, cysts or fractures. The use of bone replacement in various forms has increased in recent years.
the researchers found a significant decrease in tumor growth and a doubling of lifespan. The potency was up to an 80-fold increase over linear nucleic acids of the same sequence.
scientists from the Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen (HMGU) and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitt (LMU) in Munich have developed nanocarriers that site-selectively release medicines/drugs at the tumor site in human and mouse lungs.
In the journal, ACS Nano("Protease-Mediated Release of Chemotherapeutics from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to ex Vivo Human and Mouse Lung Tumors"),the scientists reported that this approach led to a significant increase
Tumor tissue in the lung. Image: Sabine van Rijt, CPC/ilbd, Helmholtz Zentrum Mnchen) Nanoparticles are extremely small particles that can be modified for a variety of uses in the medical field.
and other invasive diseases rely on high-resolution imaging to see tumors and other activity deep within the body's tissues.
and describes how the research team used nanotechnology to watch tumor stem cells respond to therapy. ee never been able to directly observe the actions of potential cancer treatments this way before,
and grow new tumors. lioblastoma tumors are hard to target, Sheng said. heye aggressive and resistant to therapeutics.
reducing its accumulation in tumors. Many molecular packaging systems have been developed to deliver the drug while counteracting these effects, with a protein-bound version of the drug called Abraxane currently the leading therapy.
the Duke team doubled tumor exposure to the drug compared to Abraxane while simultaneously reducing its effects on healthy tissue.
This kept mice with tumors alive significantly longer and, in some cases, completely eradicated the tumors.
and accumulate in tumors where they take advantage of a tumor's acidic environment.""The chemical bonds holding the polypeptide cage together are stable in blood,
but dissolve in a tumor's lower ph levels,"said Jayanta Bhattacharyya, senior researcher in Chilkoti's lab and first author on the paper."
"This delivers the drug directly to the tumor and helps prevent it from randomly absorbing into healthy tissue, reducing side effects."
A second group of mice had human prostate tumors growing under their skin. Similarly, while they did not survive past 60 days
the Duke technology showed a higher concentration of paclitaxel in the tumors with more staying power than Abraxane,
however, drugs could be encapsulated in protein cages that accumulate inside of a tumor and dissolve once heated.
steel braces straighten crooked teeth, steel scalpels remove tumors. Most of the goods we consume are delivered by ships
Now, a precise mechanism by which chronic inflammation can lead to cancer has been uncovered by researchers at MIT a development that could lead to improved targets for preventing future tumors.
DNA sequencing of a developing gastrointestinal tumor revealed two types of mutation: cytosine (C) bases changing to thymine (T) bases,
or patterns of DNA mutations, associated with cancerous tumors. e believe that in the context of inflammation-induced damage of DNA,
researchers have recently been able to develop precise treatments for cancer by sequencing tumor genomes
and comparing them to the patientsgenomes to better understand what drives the formation and growth of tumors. owever,
in Alzheimer disease, there is no tumor to biopsy, Bredesen said. o how do we get an idea about
The new study shows that this crosstalk is important not only for launching immune responses against tumors,
scientists may be able to develop ways to better control NKTS to attack tumors. The new study also suggests there may be a way to intervene in the pathway to block inflammation.
and targets for tumor prevention and better understanding many other seemingly random decisions made by cells in living organisms.
The man lost his sternum and pieces of four ribs when doctors removed a large tumor.
The method therefore opens up the prospect of detecting tumors that are less than 1mm in diameter in an early stage of growth before they spread through the body
#Glowing Tumor Paint Shows Surgeons Where To Cut Brain surgery is complicated notoriously. Before surgeons go in to remove a tumor,
they study the size and location of the tumor. But once theye in, they have to rely on their fingers
and eyes to distinguish tumor cells from healthy brain cells. Now researchers have developed a"paint"that can be injected into a patient's veins to make tumor cells glow.
After a number of successful studies in mice and dogs, the paint is now being tested in humans in California.
The paint is made from two chemicals. The first is chlorotoxin a protein derived from scorpion venom,
which targets the chloride receptors on the surface of tumor cells. The protein carries a second,
Researchers injected the tumor paint into the patients'veins and it was successfully able to cross the blood-brain barrier,
The first few test subjects had tumors that were deep in the brain so the surgeons had to remove a piece of the tissue before shining a light on it.
The paint may also be used for other types of tumors in the future. Ideally, doctors wouldn be using surgery at all to eliminate tumors--it still a rudetechnique,
as one researcher said. But while surgery is still a standard treatment, tumor paint could help surgeons be much more precise m
#A 3d-Printed, Battery-Powered Rocket engine Nothing demonstrates engineering prowess and technical knowhow quite like rocket science.
So far, virology treatments haven worked as well in cancers in tissues deeper in the bodyhe drug has to be injected directly into the tumor site
British scientists have used also 3d printing to create personalized replica models of cancerous parts of the body to allow doctors to target tumors more precisely y
and whether a tumor is likely to spread to other sites. The findings also open the possibility of new therapies aimed at measuring
and found that Grb2 depletion results in the development of multiple tumors in the vicinity of a primary tumour,
"The scientists demonstrated that blocking PEPCK in cancer cells could slow tumor growth in mice. Alternative fuels for cancer cells The group also found evidence of increased PEPCK levels in tissues from lung-cancer patients."
Assessing just three features of a common kind of testicular cancer-called non-seminomatous germ cell tumor-can identify those at most at risk of relapse even where there is no evidence of tumor spread.
Scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, analyzed 177 tumor samples from patients with stage I non-seminomatous tumors enrolled in clinical trials through the Medical Research Council (MRC
Scientists at The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR found that three different features of the tumors were important indicators of relapse risk:
the levels of a molecule called CXCL12, the percentage of the tumor with an appearance of cancer stem cells and whether or not blood vessels were present in the tumor.
They scored tumors based on these features, and found that combining scores could divide patients up into three different risk groups based on how likely patients were to suffer a relapse of the disease within two years.
Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common solid malignant tumor in young Caucasian men. Patients diagnosed with early-stage disease face a choice between monitoring with treatment
"Patients with stage 1 non-seminomatous germ cell tumors have to make a difficult choice of
called VAR2CSA, could provide the tool for carrying such drugs to tumors. It's somehow fitting that a disease as destructive as malaria might be exploited to treat another dreaded disease like cancer."
delivering the drug to the tumor.""Scientists have spent decades trying to find biochemical similarities between placenta tissue and cancer,
we immediately saw its potential to deliver cancer drugs in a precise, controlled way to tumors.""
However, until now, the procedure has shown to be unsafe, because of the risk of tumors upon transplantation.
These animals also developed intracerebral tumors. In contrast, animals receiving the treated stem cells showed improvement of Parkinson's symptoms
and survived until the end of the observation period of 12 weeks post-transplant with no tumors detected.
by eliminating the risk of tumor formation, "says the leader of the study Stevens Rehen, Professor at UFRJ and researcher at IDOR.
"When a cancerous tumor begins to develop, the body mobilizes to produce antibodies. Huo's test detects that immune response using gold nanoparticles about 10,000 times smaller than a freckle.
Huo also is researching her technique's effectiveness as a screening tool for other tumors."
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