| Infection (1038) |  |
| Sepsis (94) | |
when even routine surgery put Victorians at risk of fatal infection. It's no mystery
and are more prone to severe sinus infections. Patients who regularly get serious sinus infections often opt for surgery.
However Cohen, who, along with Ben-Shahar, presented some of his findings at April's Association for Chemoreception Sciences meeting in Huntington beach,
#Genome wide expression changes in vascular tissue identified due to infection/diet Source: Boston University Medical Centeralthough it has been shown that a diet high in fat
and infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis andchlamydia pneumoniae in the general population and the likelihood of co-morbidity of obesity with chronic or recurring infection with these common pathogens these findings suggest that the development of atherosclerosis in humans is likely more complex
These findings may explain how specific infections or a high-fat diet may cause atherosclerotic plaques to undergo changes which affect their size
Their findings help explain why people with the HIV-infections and periodontal disease have higher levels of the virus in their saliva than HIV patients with healthy gums.
The researchers speculate that byproducts from other bacteria infections in other diseases might change gene expression using similar mechanisms.
their findings further support how important it is to treat bacterial infections in gum disease early.
and respond to inflammation to ward off an infection in the body.""As long as someone is healthy,
Information about the immune responses that occur in animals following haemoplasma infection is relatively unknown largely due to the fact that researchers struggle to study these bacteria as they are unable to grow them in the laboratory.
Antibiotics do not consistently clear infection and without correct treatment the anaemia can be fatal.
whether cats who had recovered previously from M. haemofelis infection were protected from re-infection. The researchers found that they were representing a significant advancement in scientistsknowledge of immunity for haemoplasmainfections.
despite extensive investigations but the study results suggest that a vaccine using a weakened form of the bacteria may offer protection against haemoplasma infection.
and could also be of particular importance to farm animal species where haemoplasma infections can cause huge financial losses. he study recommends future research should explore
whether the bacterial animal infection could be transmitted to humans and how the immune system targets the pathogen t
Successfully fighting off an infection depends on the interactions between these cells. A new device developed by MIT engineers offers a much more detailed picture of that cellular communication.
the researchers have learned already more about how T cells major players in the immune response become activated during infection.
#Nanotechnology to fight hospital superbugs Each year, twice as many people die in Europe from hospital acquired infections than from road accidents.
But, even in the journey from laundry to the hospital, there are all sorts of opportunities for new infections.
6. 6%of all patients catch a hospital acquired infection (HAI; France now reports 750,000 HAI cases a year,
and not spread the infections, says Nanobond project coordinator Patrice Vandendaele, from Belgium-based Devan Chemicals,
would mean less invasive and more cost-effective procedures, lower risks of infection and improved overall outcomes,
"This can dramatically reduce complications (infections, intracerebral bleeding, etc. because the brain tissue is exposed not directly to any manipulation,
The researchers know that infections elsewhere in the body communicate with the brain, and that is why we feel ill.
#ACTINOGEN#Uncovering a hidden source of new antibiotics In recent years, the emergence of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria has created a major health threat, for example through hospital-acquired infections from drug
-resistant'superbugs'such as MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and the rapidly emerging multi-drug resistant Gram negative hospital infections.
#PHARMA-PLANTA#Harnessing plant biotechnology to revolutionise pharmaceutical production The hope is that the drug will prove effective in preventing HIV infection.
and treat its victims have contributed to reduce infection dramatically and save millions of lives. Even so, each year around 200 million people catch malaria,
and that this interaction stimulates viral infection of the B cell##Karst says.####This is a really exciting emerging theme.
These viral infections are enhanced by the presence of bacteria in the gut.####Ultimately this system should open up new avenues for norovirus vaccine
and scan for infection for exampleâ##synthetic gene circuits are especially useful for detecting things like contaminants pesticides heavy metals and counterfeit drugs.##
The human body also produces defensins to protect itself against infections. They have been found for example on the skin and in the mucous membranes.
##A basic understanding of how our genetics influence susceptibility to viral infections and affect disease development is absolutely critical to creating much needed therapeutic interventions.##
##Public perception of Ebola infection typically focuses on the high mortality rate following hemorrhagic fever but Ebola actually produces a range of disease symptoms.##
or blood test that measures an enzyme shown to be a marker of life-threatening bacterial infections and sepsis in critically ill patients.
The current way to diagnose infection is a culture but those results take 48 to 72 hours.
Previous studies have uncovered links in adults between shorter telomeres and premature death more frequent infections and chronic diseases.
Taylor and coauthor Jeremy Bruenn professor of biological sciences research viral##fossil genes##â##chunks of genetic material that animals and other organisms acquire from viruses during infection.
and grow poorly in the laboratory cause such persistent infections in humans? Current studies support the notion that antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains can exchange nutrients with each other
and even with other bacterial species including the normal microbes of the microbiome to increase their virulence during an infection.
if an infection becomes resistant to antibiotics then the resistant organisms appeared clonally meaning they're all genetically the same.
Next they tested the idea in a mouse model of the bone infection osteomyelitis. Antibiotic-resistant small colony variant S. aureus is the cause of chronic and difficult to treat osteomyelitis and also of lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF.
-or menaquinone-deficient) caused only minimal bone infection but mixed together they caused a fully virulent and bone-destroying infection.
In bone these bacteria are trading molecules Skaar says. Researchers then isolated samples of staph small colony variants and normal bacteria from the lungs of CF patients.
Our findings show that these antibiotic-resistant infections are not what we thought they were they're not a single strain of bacteria with a single lesion leading to the small colony variant phenotype.
We're now a little bit smarter about how these organisms are behaving in an infection which
##This changed flora is spread around the ICU environment to other patients through cross-infection##Hurley says.##
and humans a phase transition at the temperature of infection allows the DNA to change from a rigid crystalline structure into a fluid-like structure that facilitates infection.
and wouldn't be prone to developing resistance The exciting part of this is that the physical properties of packaged DNA play a very important role in the spread of a viral infection
In the HSV-1 study which was published in Nature Chemical Biology Evilevitch set out to see what physical conditions lead to successful viral infection.
and mobility of the DNA inside a virus. The VIRAL DNA was much more fluid at temperatures close to that of infection (37 degrees Celsius)
They found that at the temperature of infection the phage s DNA underwent a solid-to-fluid-like disordering
which resulted in increased DNA mobility and subsequent cell infection. The Swedish Research Council the National Science Foundation the National institutes of health and the Mcwilliams Fellowship at Carnegie mellon supported the research published in Nature Chemical Biology.
which causes an infection called brucellosis in livestock and humans from a 700-year-old skeleton from Sardinia Italy.
and hope it will help detect mixed infections caused by more than one kind of bacterium. But metagenomics is still some way from routine diagnostic use Pallen says.
Women could use this method to protect against the spread of sexually transmitted infections during unprotected heterosexual intercourse the researchers say.
Because carrageenan is plant-based it is acceptable to vegetarians there is no risk of animal-acquired infections
Condoms have been successful in preventing transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. However effectiveness depends on correct and consistent use by the male partner she says.
Due to socioeconomic and gender inequities women in some countries and cultures are not always in a position to negotiate regular condom use so a drug-dispersing suppository can protect against transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections during heterosexual intercourse
whose infection status may or may not be known to the woman. As part of the research Zaveri who earned her doctorate in biomedical engineering at the University of Florida conducted extensive sensory-perception testing to assess acceptability of the suppositories among women.
#Simple alerts can cut infections from catheters University of Pennsylvania rightoriginal Studyposted by Lee-Ann Landis Donegan-Penn on August 26 2014simpler automatic alerts in electronic health
As many as 70 percent of urinary tract infections in these patients may be preventable using infection control measures such as removing no longer needed catheters resulting in up to 380000 fewer infections and 9000 fewer deaths each year.##
##Fewer catheters means fewer infections fewer days in the hospital and even fewer deaths. Not to mention the dollars saved by the health system in general.##
The study appears in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. Source: University of Pennsylvaniayou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license t
##We ve known for a long time that infection with Ebola obstructs an important arm in our immune system that is activated by molecules called interferons##says senior author Gaya Amarasinghe assistant professor of pathology
##It makes a variety of responses to viral infection possible including the self-destruction of infected cells and the blockage of supplies necessary for viral reproduction.##
and development immune function resistance to infection and predisposition to inflammatory and metabolic disordersâ##yet until now little has been known about how the microbes get there.
discreet way to protect themselves from HIV infection by inserting the drug-loaded materials into the vagina before sex,
Oral pills are used in the US for people who are considered at risk for HIV infection,
However the parasites can be difficult to detect in the early stages of infection. As a result the disease is spotted often only when the parasites have developed
Strep throat is responsible for more than 700 million infections and 500 000 deaths each year. The study appears online in Cell Host & Microbe.
and also identifies an important target to block the infection process. After Ebola is engulfed by the cell,
The result is a remarkable new understanding of Ebola infection. By understanding the process, researchers say they are significantly closer to being able to stop Eboland perhaps other viruses with similar structures as well. nce you have visualized the molecular shape changes that these structures undergo upon cell entry,
the brain is open to infection, inflammation, and hemorrhage. Ischemic stroke patients are at risk of bleeding into the brain
#Microchip could detect infection in artificial joints A tiny microchip could improve postoperative care for patients with knee replacements
and other surgical implants by detecting early signs of infection. Alexander Star, an associate professor of chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh, says the new chip,
will be able to alert doctors to encroaching bacterial infection, which causes acidosis, a drop in ph levels in nearby tissue.
nd bacterial infections are a common complication of the implant. Infection can damage the body surrounding the implant,
and bacterial films, resistant to antibiotics, can colonize the implant itself. To catch infection early without having to resort to invasive measures could lead to faster treatment. his is a very attractive detection mechanism for monitoring the condition of the implant
Star says. t may alleviate the need for further surgical intervention. A paper on the chip appears online in Scientific Reports.
and potentially other viral infections. rugs that specifically target PGE2 pathways have already been developed and tested in animals,
but other viral respiratory infections that interact with similar host immune pathways, says senior author Maziar Divangahi, an assistant professor in the Faculty of medicine at Mcgill University.
PGE2, showed remarkably enhanced immunity to flu infection. Most importantly, the vast majority of these mice infected with a lethal dose of the H1n1 flu virus survived.
and produced better survival rates following infection with a lethal dose of the flu virus compared with untreated mice. revious studies produced conflicting results due to the inhibition of all prostanoids
and that specific inhibition of PGE2 will be an effective therapy against influenza viral infection by boosting immune responses. i
and potential treatments for an infection that strikes nearly all children before they reach the age of three
RSV infection leads to the hospitalization of between 75,000 and 125,000 babies under one year of age in the United states every year.
associate professor of microbiology and immunology. ut what wee now shown is that RSV has increased an ability to cause airway obstruction because, during an RSV infection,
which compose the lining of the lung airway. ut comparing these consequences of infection did not provide hints as to why RSV and PIV3 produced such differences in disease severity.
though, that the epithelial cells infected by RSV looked very different during infection compared to those infected by PIV3.
They found that infection of the narrowest airways of the lung by PIV3 alone caused moderate levels of inflammation,
but after infection by PIV3 expressing RSV NS2, the epithelial cells lining the narrow airways were shed rapidly into the airway lumen.
what has been found in human infants who had died because of RSV infection. Pickles says convinced that the RSV NS2 gene is a major driver for the well-recognized increased ability of RSV to cause lung disease, especially in the extremely narrow small airways of human infants.
hen young children arrive at the hospital with an RSV infection, it challenging and frustrating to guess which children you can safely send home,
Thwarting this shedding effect wouldn stop infection or stifle the typical symptoms of RSV infection
which are the most likely to be obstructed by cells shed during infection. This would lead to a less severe infection and fewer hospitalizations.
Suppressing the effects of the RSV NS2 protein may also allow our immune system more time to deal with the RSV infection before the small airways become clogged with cells shedding from the lining of the airway,
Pickles says. hese are questions we are aiming to answer in studies already underway
#Gastric banding treats diabetes in overweight people Gastric banding can play a vital role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in people who are overweightot just those who are obese.
a devastating and sometimes fatal inflammatory response to infection. FAT10 belongs to a family of genes that act as recyclers of cellular proteins
The immune system response that produces inflammation is crucial in warding off infections. hus it has short-term beneficial effects on survival
The human body also produces defensins to protect itself against infections. They have been found for example on the skin and in the mucous membranes.
There was no sign of infection in the dairy cattle being studied. The researchers concluded that those long-lived female midges had been infected with the bluetongue virus during the previous warm-weather season.
However the parasites can be difficult to detect in the early stages of infection. As a result the disease is spotted often only when the parasites have developed
and co-infection in the same bee is common. ccording to Ostiguy the team will continue to investigate the relationships between various pathogens
Potential implications of the methodology for human health include for example learning how an infection-induced fever could affect the RNA structures of both humans and pathogens.
The infection is prevalent across many areas of the UK, with significantly more cases arising in the eastern region.
with the World Health Organisation warning of an impending"post-antibiotic era"where common infections will once again pose the risk of death,
As a result, we've seen various research efforts that take a non-antibiotic approach to bacterial infection
which can cause infections. Witricity is working with heart pump maker Thoratec to create a wireless solution.
In rare congenital disease, in cancer and in infections, genomic insights are already transforming diagnosis and treatment.
antibiotics to prevent infections, or even living cells to the scaffolds. At the moment, calcium phosphate powder is temporarily bound using an acidic binder chemical typically phosphoric acid
which stems from a parasitical infection. Last year, Sanaria reported that in a Phase I clinical trial
when common infections and minor injuries which have been treatable for decades can once again kill. Honey is a natural antibacterial
According to a newly published study those 13 bacteria are experts at stifling other bacterial infections including dangerous superbug strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE.
The researchers say their next step is to investigate wider use of these bacteria against topical infections in more animals including humans n
Nature News The global drive to eliminate the last pockets of polio infection is to receive a boost of more than half-a billion dollars from international donors.
The existence of residual pockets of infection is the main reason why the drive to completely erase the disease has failed so far,
colds in children can cause middle-ear infections or increase the likelihood of developing asthma.
What's more, a newly discovered class of rhinoviruses called HRV-C can cause serious, flu-like lung infections."
along with 10 additional viruses isolated from patients with upper respiratory infections. They compared these sequences
more symptomatic infections.""To date, there has been a lack of understanding as to which rhinovirus gives you a more complex cold,
his patient might be less susceptible to HIV infection. The patient had 80 matches in the bone-marrow registries of the German Bone marrow Donor Center,
if you can make the majority of your cells resistant to infection, you can really stop the virus. Meanwhile,
The procedure leaves them vulnerable to infection, and there is also the possibility that their bodies will eventually reject the transplant.
That estimate is refined then by testing a subset of people with these symptoms to determine how many have flu and not some other infection.
and Charleston that the new vaccine is unable to cause an infection or outbreak. Marvin Grubman, an animal-disease researcher at the US Department of agriculture in Orient Point, New york, says that the new vaccine"is a good piece of work,
says James wood, who studies animal infections at the University of Cambridge, UK. He hints that some studies on new pegiviruses may be published in the future u
inflammation (a reaction to injury or infection) and autophagy (a cellular process involved in the removal of damaged cellular components.
protect against infection and supply nerve cells with nutrients. With the help of this detailed map, the scientists were able to identify hitherto unknown cell types,
the dongle was 96%as accurate in detecting infections, missing just one case of latent syphilis, the team reports online today in Science Translational Medicine.
a previously unknown bacterium that makes a compound with infection-killing abilities. What more, the team claims in a report out today,
it would be needed a much weapon against several increasingly hard-to-treat infections. Many existing antibiotics, including penicillin,
the team let each of them duel in a lab dish with Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of serious skin and respiratory infections.
and infections with rare-but-nasty Enterococcus bacterial strains that aren responding to available drugs.
Scientists are wondering how a single imported case could have led to so many secondary infections. The outbreak started
is a lapse in infection control measures at the hospital, Ben Embarek says. The SARS virus,
#New test could reveal every virus that's ever infected you Can remember every viral infection youe ever had?
But others point out that it's unclear how many past infections the new technology misses. Now
or absence of longer-lasting antibodies that can linger for decades after an infection. Researchers led by biologist Stephen Elledge of Brigham
and Women's Hospital in Boston and Harvard Medical school wanted to develop a test that could look at every current or past infection in one fell swoop.
whether viral infections can trigger diabetes or chronic fatigue syndrome. Elledge and colleagues used Virscan on more than 500 people from the United states
most people had antibodies for about 10 previous viral infections, although those with HIV and who lived outside the United states averaged more.
Surprisingly, many people had generated the exact same antibodies to infections; researchers believed people's immune responses to be more diverse,
which cause large numbers of intestinal infections. This could be because antibodies for these viruses don stick around for
what signatures of those infections remain, the results of this paper wouldn be a surprise."
if you have any new infections, he says. This could help diagnose viruses like hepatitis C
and a sign that a patient is prone to infection. Traditional methods for sorting cells rely on fluorescent molecular tags,
or antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. eservoirsof infected cells that hold latent provirus are a key reason why powerful combinations of ARVS cannot eliminate infections and cure people.
HIV/AIDS researchers working to cure the infection face several obstacles that these new scopes could help overcome.
whether an intervention aimed at curing the infection is working. Several techniques exist to measure changes in reservoirs,
White blood cells can find their way to the site of an infection while scar-forming cells migrate to the site of a wound.
and they envision that eventually the technology could be adapted to deliver the CRISPR components to treat infections or remove other unwanted bacteria in human patients.
Tracking infectionhemozoin crystals are produced in all four stages of malaria infection including the earliest stages
Also the amount of hemozoin can reveal how severe the infection is or whether it is responding to treatment.
CRISPR a gene-editing system devised within the past several years exploits a set of bacterial proteins that protect microbes from viral infection.
Gene disruptioncrispr relies on cellular machinery that bacteria use to defend themselves from viral infection.
which means risk for infection. In our case a patient could lie on the bed
The recently developed CRISPR system relies on cellular machinery that bacteria use to defend themselves from viral infection.
with the potential for clinical diagnostics or rapid detection of contamination in hospital rooms with the aim of decreasing the 1. 7 million cases of hospital-associated infections recorded in the United states each year.
and for our understanding of how infections take hold in medical devices. The findings the result of microscopic analysis of bacteria inside microfluidic devices were made by MIT postdoc Roberto Rusconi former MIT postdoc Jeffrey Guasto (now an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Tufts
Guasto says the new understanding could help in the design of medical equipment to reduce such infections:
and other microbes to its surface, causing infections and thrombosis (blood clotting) that lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths annually.
This has potential to reduce blood clots and infection and improve overall patient health, the cofounders say.
The team led by Dr Uday Kishore of the Centre for Infection Immunity and Disease Mechanisms found the entire complement system was activated from C1 at the start to C5 at the end.
and the reduction of infection through the nanomimics was 100-fold higher when compared to a soluble form of the host cell receptors.
"Dr Ariberto Fassati, co-lead author from the Wohl Virion Centre (UCL Infection & Immunity), added:"
which Dr. Petrof designed to treat C. difficile infections. In this instance rather than being used as therapy the synthetic stool was used to examine the impact of nanoparticles on the human gut.
#Engineers develop prototype of low-cost disposable lung infection detector Imagine a low-cost, disposable breath analysis device that a person with cystic fibrosis could use at home
along with a smartphone to immediately detect a lung infection, much like the device police use to gauge a driver's blood alcohol level.
Timely knowledge of a lung infection would let people with CF or other inflammatory respiratory conditions seek immediate treatment
Materials scientist Regina Ragan and electrical engineer Filippo Capolino have created a nano-optical sensor that can detect trace levels of infection in a small sample of breath.
and treatment of other pathological processes including inflammation and HIV infection. Explore further: Introducing the multitasking nanoparticle More information:
and block out infection More information: Smart Composite Nanosheets with Adaptive Optical Properties Jeong-Hwan Kim Murtaza Bohra Vidyadhar Singh Cathal Cassidy and Mukhles Sowwan Applied materials & Interfaces2014.
and are a key factor in illnesses that result from animal bites and stings and bacterial infections.
Nanosponge decoy fights superbug infections More information: Paper: Bio-inspired detoxification using 3d-printed hydrogel nanocomposites www. nature. com/ncomms/2014/140full/ncomms4774. htm h
#Fruit flies Boost STI Immunity Before Sex Among the promiscuous common fruit fly sexually-transmitted infections run rampant.
This helps them fight off sexually-transmitted infection from the fungus Metarhizium robertsii. One of these genes#Turandot M#(Totm)# specifically protected the flies against STIS.
When the flies were exposed to#a topical infection of the same fungus the#expression of Totm didn't help at all.
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