infectious diseases and chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and arthritis. rom plant to test tubesmany medicines are derived from plants,
Lyme disease and syphilis. The new device uses miniaturized channels and valves to replace enchtopassays tests that require large samples of blood
These proteins have been shown to inhibit a number of viruses including influenza A West Nile, Dengue fever and Ebola.
, an associate professor of infectious diseases at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai, New york contributed to the study o
claims Chiu. nbiased point-of-care testing for pathogens by rapid metagenomic sequencing has the potential to radically transform infectious disease diagnosis in both clinical and public health settings.
Marburg and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), as well as more routine viruses, including rotavirus and norovirus, both of which cause severe gastrointestinal infections.
influenza B, a cause of seasonal flu; parechovirus, a mild gastrointestinal and respiratory virus; herpes virus 1, responsible for cold sores in the mouth;
which causes chickenpox. In a second group of children with unexplained fevers, standard testing had detected 11 viruses in the eight children evaluated.
while standard testing identified a virus as influenza A, which causes seasonal flu, the new test indicated that the virus was a particularly harsh subtype called H3n2.
Other animals received just the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which does not contain thimerosal,
the researchers showed their system was effective in mice with equine encephalitis virus and with strains of influenza virus relevant to public health,
Extensive testing at UVA labs show that the tablet causes better than a 99.99 percent reduction in such infectious waterborne bacteria as Vibrio cholera
Freedman and Harty teamed with scientists from Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center and the United states army Medical Research Institute of Infectious disease on the study.
#Study reveals structure of tuberculosis enzyme, could offer drug target A team of scientists, including several from the U s. Department of energy Argonne National Laboratory,
have determined the structures of several important tuberculosis enzymes, which could lead to new drugs for the disease.
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, has proved incredibly stubborn even in the age of powerful antibiotics,
said Andrzej Joachimiak, an Argonne Distinguished Fellow, head of the Structural biology Center, co-principal investigator at the Center for Structural genomics of Infectious diseases and a corresponding author on the new study.
Helena Boshoff at the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious diseases performed complementary studies showing that these inhibitors do in fact efficiently block mycobacterium growth l
to make a tuberculosis virus with unnatural DNA in it. It would be a real,
or pandemic influenza said Professor Lester Kobzik the senior author. We were pleased quite that the work led us to NOS3-targeting drugs that are already available
%The current study to be published in the Journal of Clinical Infectious diseases by Johan Nordgren from Professor Lennart Svensson's research group shows that up to four of ten children in Burkina faso are genetically resistant to the virus strains found in the vaccines.
(or at least large sections of it) from pathogenic variants of influenza viruses for example or from completely new pathogens explains Greenwood.
they can use the data to emphasize to parents the need to have immunized their children against influenza sooner rather than later,
Most public health departments do not electronically track influenza or stomach illnesses in preschools and child care centers settings."
fever, influenza-like illness, pink eye, stomach illnesses (gastroenteritis), cold or respiratory symptoms, ear infections and rash.
The most common illnesses reported were gastroenteritis (37 percent), fever (31 percent), cold (17 percent) and influenza (3 percent.
and a treatment for anthrax developed for use in case of a bioterrorist attack. One reason pharmaceutical companies are said withdrawing Kinch is that our patent law squeezes them for time.
The Infectious diseases Society of America (ISDA) has launched a 10 x 20 initiative whose goal is to create global antibacterial drug research-and-development enterprise with the power in the short-term to develop 10 new safe and effective antibiotics by 2020.
Technologies Work Hand in hand The Nature study, led by researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases,
In laboratory tests the researchers discovered that the gelatinous polymers excreted by seaweed act in two ways to provide an environment conducive to transmission of infectious diseases.
and Ecology of Infectious disease program provided funding for the study y
#Colorectal cancer: New clues for early detection Researchers at the University of Luxembourg have identified potential new ways to test for the first signs of one of the most deadly types of cancer:
Key contributions to this work were provided by Dr. John Dye's laboratory at the U s army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases (USAMRIID), the lab of Christopher P. Hill, D. Phil.
"Ebola is a lethal virus that causes severe hemorrhagic fever with a 50 percent to 90 percent mortality rate.
#How rabies hijacks neurons to attack brain Rabies causes acute inflammation of the brain, producing psychosis and violent aggression.
Some 55,000 people die from rabies every year. For the first time, Tel aviv University scientists have discovered the exact mechanism this killer virus uses to efficiently enter the central nervous system,
"Rabies not only hijacks the nervous system's machinery, it also manipulates that machinery to move faster,
"We have shown that rabies enters a neuron in the peripheral nervous system by binding to a nerve growth factor receptor, responsible for the health of neurons, called p75.
"Understanding how an organism such as rabies manipulates this machinery may help us in the future to either restore the process
the researchers hope their findings will allow scientists to control the neuronal transport machinery to treat rabies and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Our results explain the mechanism behind herpes infection by showing how the DNA of the virus enters the cell said Alex Evilevitch a researcher in biochemistry and biophysics at Lund University and Carnegie mellon University.
#A plague of fleas: Tiny Eurasian exotic is upending watery ecosystems across the northern Great lakes The zooplankton never saw it coming.
Unfortunately that doesn't stop the odd Typhoid Mary. In some places along Highway 41 in Upper Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula every lake we tested with a boat ramp had Bythotrephes.
because the risk of death from infectious disease is extremely likely). Children with this genetic condition have been treated with the additive gene therapy method in the past,
That the antibiotic can kill M. tuberculosis s a major breakthrough because it is virtually certain to be effective for the multi-resistant strains that are now all but impossible to treat,
said Gerard Wright, director of the Institute for Infectious disease Research at Mcmaster University in Hamilton, Canada,
Scientists have uncovered how human immune cells remember previously encountered strains of influenza, a discovery that may pave the way for a single universal flu shot to immunize people for their entire lives.
These findings lead to the potential of moving from vaccines for specific influenza strains towards developing a protection,
we're talking about a history-altering event on the Spanish flu scale. As it turns out,
"Our extraordinary breakthrough could lead to the development of a vaccine component that can protect against all new influenza viruses, with the potential for future development of a one-off universal flu vaccine shot,
hepatitis and herpes. Researchers from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) developed the ultracompact nanomechanical sensor for analysing the chemical composition of substances and detecting biological objects.
including HIV, hepatitis, herpes, and many others. The sensor will also enable doctors to identify tumour markers,
hepatitis and herpes. Researchers from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) developed the ultracompact nanomechanical sensor for analysing the chemical composition of substances and detecting biological objects.
including HIV, hepatitis, herpes, and many others. The sensor will also enable doctors to identify tumour markers,
hepatitis and herpes. Researchers from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) developed the ultracompact nanomechanical sensor for analysing the chemical composition of substances and detecting biological objects.
including HIV, hepatitis, herpes, and many others. The sensor will also enable doctors to identify tumour markers,
is developing a system that aims to detect infectious disease outbreaks before they become widespread. Project Premonition could eventually allow health officials to get a jump start on preventing outbreaks of a disease like dengue fever
is developing a system that aims to detect infectious disease outbreaks before they become widespread. Project Premonition could eventually allow health officials to get a jump start on preventing outbreaks of a disease like dengue fever
#ost sensitivetest to detect superbugs Researchers have developed the world's most sensitive test to quickly detect dangerous infectious diseases and deadly superbugs such as C difficile and MRSA.
In essence, the new method can pick up any compound that might signal the presence of infectious diseases,
Scientists at the premier Regional Medical Reference Centre (RMRC) at Port Blair have found that the bacterial species that causes leptospirosis is no longer socially aloof,
In July, leptospirosis came out of nowhere to kill 16 people in two weeks. The mutation study, published in a Federation of European Microbiological Studies journal in May, was a wake-up call for public health experts to find better ways to tame the bacteria.
leptospirosis has emerged as a crucial zoonotic disease, with leptospira evolving and thriving in an array of mammal hosts
some of the leading antibiotics used to treat acute leptospirosis in humans and animals,"said Dr Paluru Vijayachari, director of the Port Blair institute."
"says John-Arne Rottingen, head of infectious disease control at the Norwegian Institute of Public health and chair of the trial's steering group."
Jeremy Farrar, a leading infectious disease specialist and director of the Wellcome Trust, said the trial"dared to use a highly innovative and pragmatic design,
comparing 571 patient samples to FDA-approved samples of mumps, measles, and herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. The platform achieved an accuracy of 99.6 percent in diagnosing mumps, 98.6 percent for measles,
and 99.4 percent each for herpes simplex 1 and 2. Schematic overview and different perpsectives of the colorimetric readeraccording to the research paper,
measles, and herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 were all part of the dual ELISA tests. From 571 patient samples, the mobile platform was 99.6 percent accurate at diagnosing mumps, 98.6 percent for measles,
and 99.4 percent for both herpes simplex 1 and 2. ur team is focused on developing biomedical technologies that work with mobile platforms to assist with on-site testing
which is the base for Anthrax. Under a microscope, all four of these rodlike bacteria look nearly identical.
including HIV, hepatitis, herpes, and many others. The sensor will enable doctors to identify tumor markers,
a high-tech approach with potential applications to other infectious diseases. Current treatment of sleeping sickness relies primarily on four drugs.
"1 NIH (National institutes of health) estimates that"Infectious diseases are the second cause of death worldwide, more than13 millions deaths per year (mostly due to bacteria.
Alzheimer's, Autism, MS and Beyond The unexpected presence of the lymphatic vessels raises a tremendous number of questions that now need answers, both about the workings of the brain and the diseases that plague it.
and worked closely with the biologists at ITBM to synthesize molecules for studying structure-activity relationships (SARS)."Through SAR studies on the molecular derivatives of KL001,
and to detect drug resistance in infectious diseases. Bringing techniques and testing that is normally confined to a laboratory or hospital, out into the field,
It belongs to the family of coronaviruses that includes the common cold and SARS and can cause fever, breathing problems, pneumonia and kidney failure.
The coronavirus, similar to the SARS virus which killed hundreds in Asia a decade ago,
MERS is considered more deadly than SARS, according to a Reuters report. However, fewer companies have worked on vaccines and drugs for the MERS virus, according to Reuters. Small biotech companies such as Greffex,
The SARS vaccine work proceeded for years but since the virus mostly disappeared, there are not enough live examples of disease to effectively test it, according to multiple reports.
professor in Microbiology-Immunology and Medicine-Infectious disease. hese findings lay the foundation for future studies to further understand the mechanisms for how the escape to the bloodstream occurs.
The findings, available online in The Journal of Infectious diseases, suggest that simple changes in current treatments could improve the lives of millions of people sickened by parasite infections. ur findings may mean that treatment for Leishmania infections could be improved significantly by determining
treatment failure is a major obstacle to the control of infectious diseases like leishmaniasis, said Dujardin. t is of uppermost importance to understand the factors contributing to this failure to better tackle it.
The researchers compared the new system to traditional needle delivery by vaccinating two groups of people against three strains of influenza:
The continued threat of pandemics such as H1n1 swine flu and emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola makes vaccine development and mass vaccination a priority for global healthcare.
For example, studies in mice have suggested that tuberculosis vaccines delivered through the noseare more effective than those that are injected,
Tuberculosis experts gathered in a workshop at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases at the National institutes of health in Bethesda, Maryland,
The ELISA tests included those for mumps, measles, and herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. With a total of 571 patient samples used in the comparison,
the mobile platform achieved 99.6 percent accuracy in diagnosing mumps, 98.6 percent for measles, and 99.4 percent each for herpes simplex 1 and 2. ur team is focused on developing biomedical technologies that work with mobile platforms to assist with on-site testing
A single vaccine that immunizes against all types of influenza may soon be a reality,
after a team of scientists from Australia and China have discovered how the body's immunity cells remember flu viruses. The study published in the journal Nature Communications elaborated that body's CD8 cells can memorize strains of influenza
Researchers said that the breakthrough could lead to the development of a vaccine that can fight all new influenza viruses. Professor Xu,
China, said this study would significantly enlighten T-cell based vaccine development and immune intervention during severe influenza infection in the future.
which also includes the sexually transmitted gonorrhea disease. Researchers have led by St jude Children's Research Hospital,
The second-generation Spectinomycins demonstrated an increased in antibacterial activity against several other commonly caused respiratory infections such as Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis.
which are mostly responsible for the cases like Legionnaires'disease and other sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.
linical study and stability assessment of a novel transcutaneous influenza vaccination using a dissolving microneedle patch,
Similar to the approaches used to develop vaccines for polio, influenza, rabies and Hepatitis a, the vaccine is the first based on a genetically modified,
or agic bulletto describe new drugs he was working on to cure syphilis and cancer. In theory, such drugs would leave healthy tissue intact
could make flu shot obsolete Influenza is no longer the scourge it once was thanks to modern medicine,
Influenza mutates rapidly, which means a new vaccine formulation is needed every year. An international team of researchers has identified a new antibody that might give us the edge in this yearly arms race.
So why is influenza such a tricky virus to vaccinate against? The virus has a jumble of proteins on its surface called hemagglutinin
The pattern of these proteins is different in every strain of influenza, which allows it to evade your immune system
A vaccine provides a template of antigens to train the immune response to recognize the new strains of influenza each year.
This antibody was isolated from the blood of patients infected with the pandemic H1n1 influenza virus in 2009.
Unlocking the underlying mechanisms of host barrier permissiveness to microbes is critical to understanding the etiology of many infectious diseases.
what our work with SARS and other related coronaviruses predicted. So, we investigated what was happening
and its dimer will break apart much more easily than the SARS protease or those of other coronaviruses.
particularly in light of the huge disease burden of malaria,"explained senior author Manoj Duraisingh, Ph d.,professor of Immunology and Infectious diseases at the T. H. Chan School of Public health."
The authors of the study (linical study and stability assessment of a novel transcutaneous influenza vaccination using a dissolving microneedle patch,
The continued threat of pandemics such as H1n1 swine flu and emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola makes vaccine development and mass vaccination a priority for global healthcare.
The researchers compared the new system to traditional needle delivery by vaccinating two groups of people against three strains of influenza:
Market Drivers An important driver of the cell culture market is the production of seasonal influenza vaccines,
Seasonal influenza vaccines have traditionally been produced using egg-based technology. However, this labor-intensive approach to vaccine development is currently being replaced by cell-culture systems.
Prefluce, the first cell culture-based vaccine, received European approval in March 2011 and was available for the 2011012 influenza season in the 13 participating European union countries.
which is the first U s.-licensed (trivalent inactivated) influenza vaccine manufactured using cell culture technology.
and the Public health Agency of Canada in helping conduct the studies have been NIH and its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases,
and the U s army Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases. Major funding for these studies has come from sources that include the U s. Department of defense Defense Threat Reduction Agency and Joint Vaccine Acquisition Program, the U s. Department of health and Human Service Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority,
which plagues about ten percent of the world population and nearly 40 million Americans. adsbygoogle=window. adsbygoogle.
#Cholera Bacteria Spear Their Prey to Grab Genes The bacteria that cause cholera grab genes from other organisms in a particularly predatory way, new research finds.
But researchers at The swiss Federal Institute of technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, found that cholera (formally called Vibrio cholerae) have a unique way of doing so.
Cholera is usually found in water and it feeds on chitin, the stuff that makes up crustaceans'shells.
and the cholera bacterium absorbs the freed genetic material. The 9 Deadliest Viruses On earth Making these spikes in itself isn't that unusual,
This is, however, the first time anyone has observed cholera bacteria or any bacteria using this system to gather up new genes.
Cholera makes people sick when it is ingested. The bacteria gets to the small intestine and then multiplies, producing proteins that are toxic to humans and cause watery diarrhea.
cholera can be deadly. Humans can build immunity to some strains of cholera. But sometimes, new strains appear,
and the transfer of genes from other species of bacteria (including other kinds of cholera) might be one reason these new strains arrive."
"That's what we think what we see is part of what makes the most virulent strains so virulent,
Not every kind of cell can contribute DNA to cholera, as there has to be some similarity between the cholera cell and its victim,
Blokesch said. Even so, some genes might alter the outer membrane of the bacteria, for example, making it less visible to the human immune system or tougher for people's stomach acid to kill.
This kind of gene transfer might well have been involved in a cholera epidemic that hit Southeast asia in the early 1990s
Blokesch added that the spearing mechanism might be one more reason the cholera bacterium is so virulent in the human gut.
Cholera might be spearing neighboring cells, killing them and exacerbating the problems it causes. Cholera won't pick up human DNA,
however, because it is too different.)The study appears today (Jan 1) in the journal Science S
and combat highly infectious diseases, including Hepatitis C, SARS or MERS, could also benefit from the user friendly chip
and its rapid results. is award is truly helping our lab become translational, said UCSB mechanical engineering professor Sumita Pennathur. t a big step forward in terms of bringing out nanofluidic technology to real biomedical applications of disease diagnosis
Schneck says it could also potentially work for therapies against chronic infectious diseases, such as HIV. He says that
This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (grant numbers AI072677 and AI44129),
and are considered often to be our enemies, causing many diseases such as tuberculosis or cholera. However, they can also be witnessed allies,
including HIV, hepatitis, herpes, and many others. The sensor will enable doctors to identify tumor markers,
The engineered organ has implications for everything from rapid production of immune therapies to new frontiers in cancer or infectious disease research.
Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease, is classified by its spiral shape, which enables both its movement and the resultant cellular destruction.
they do need to find new answers about the workings of the brain and the diseases that plague it.
and in 2013, there were 480,000 new cases of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis worldwide, a condition that requires treatment with increasingly toxic drugs.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, was among the bacteria that teixobactin killed. But medical microbiologist Timothy Walsh of Cardiff University, UK, urges caution because the drug has been tested against only a small number of lab strains.
Alzheimer, Autism, MS and Beyond The unexpected presence of the lymphatic vessels raises a tremendous number of questions that now need answers, both about the workings of the brain and the diseases that plague it.
#Herpes used in cancer treatment Researchers used a modified herpes virus to successfully treat patients with aggressive skin cancer
The herpes-based drug is called T-VEC and has already been sent to the US Food
but what about that time you had measles or was it chicken pox? Your blood knows:
who runs this lab. He says 800,000 children a year die from these diseases notably cholera, rotavirus and certain strains of E coli."
preliminary results of this vaccine trial from Guinea,"says Dr. Jesse Goodman, an infectious disease specialist at Georgetown University, who once led vaccine development at the U s. Food and Drug Administration.
The trials employed the same strategy used to contain smallpox called ing vaccination. When a person comes down with the disease,
Since dengue is primarily spread through the mosquito species Aedes aegypti, Oxitec has engineered a male mosquito that, to female mosquitoes in the wild, looks just like the usual males.
dengue has been on the rise in Brazil, with an estimated 16 million new cases every year.
which meant that Brazilians were left with few options to decrease dengue prevalence. The neighborhood in which the researchers tested the modified mosquitoes was a low-income area with high rates of dengue infection
according to local public health officials. Over a one-year period, the researchers released the modified males into the local environment
The researchers hope to scale up their efforts to eradicate dengue and the insects that carry it in a larger area n
Influenza A can cause the most severe symptoms and can infect several different species, meaning that the virus can umpfrom animals like pigs or birds to humans.
This work suggests that future flu vaccines could include this new kind of antibody that would be able to fight the most powerful types of influenza viruses
This technique was used to tremendous success in the eradication of smallpox. John-Arne Røttingen, Director of the Division of Infectious disease Control at the Norwegian Institute of Public health, also noted in THE WHO's statement that it was this strategy in particular that has allowed for them to follow the dispersed epidemic in Guinea
which has dwindled significantly (THE WHO reported seven cases in the affected region of West Africa last weekhe lowest number of new patients in over a year)
explains Dr Nira Pollock, senior author and Associate Medical Director of the Infectious diseases Diagnostic Laboratory at the Boston Children Hospital. his new test,
namely the production of more potent antibodies against the flu virus. Every year in the United states, influenza is implicated in the deaths of thousands of people, mostly 65 and older,
The result of the higher affinity was broad protection against H1 subtype influenza viruses. The researchers then used this knowledge to improve the vaccine itself.
and mortality caused by seasonal influenza virus infections, "Wang says.""We are now looking into applying this strategy toward improving existing vaccines;
To learn more, the researchers analyzed cryo-electron microscopy (CRYO EM) structures of 2d22 in complex with two different strains of viral serotype 2--the dengue serotype with the most dynamic surface--at 6. 5
as well as respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and influenza. Publishing the results in Science Translational Medicine, the team observed no serious side effects.
while previous research published last year in Nature Medicine has shown this class of drugs could also be effective in treating tuberculosis.
"I hope the result will be drugs that are more effective against tuberculosis and offer a faster route to a cure with fewer side effects,"said Lee.
#Drug based on herpes successfully treats skin cancer patients A modified version of the herpes virus has been used to treat skin cancer patients,
The herpes-based drug, named Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC), has proven so effective, Harrington and his team hope to see it on the market by 2016.
and develop a devastating disease called necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) where life-threatening intestinal damage requires removal of large portions of the small intestine.
#New approach may lead to inhalable vaccines for influenza pneumonia The work led by Cathy Fromen
and influenza where raising resistant cells or strains in the lab is more difficult to do than with bacteria the researchers say.
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