Infectious diseases

Anthrax (7)
Cholera (27)
Dengue (16)
Hemorrhagic fever (5)
Herpes (17)
Infectious disease (126)
Influenza (81)
Leprosy (5)
Lyme disease (7)
Measles (13)
Plague (12)
Rabies (9)
Sars (14)
Syphilis (15)
Tuberculosis (34)
Yellow fever (7)

Synopsis: Health: Illness: Infectious diseases:

in viral marketing and in studies of infectious diseases. Highly influential people typically have a larger than average number of social links,

These infectious diseases have developed antibiotic resistance and spread despite the best efforts of staff, mainly through textiles like bed linen.

and saves lives Fotolia 2012while human lives and health are the mostimportant concern counterfeiting is a problemthat plagues other industries too.

such as new strains of tuberculosis against which existing drugs are powerless. It was to meet the unaddressed need for new antibiotics that the ACTINOGEN research project began in 2005

##Public perception of Ebola infection typically focuses on the high mortality rate following hemorrhagic fever but Ebola actually produces a range of disease symptoms.##

The device could be used to diagnose Ebola and other hemorrhagic fever diseases in resource-limited countries.

and hemorrhagic fever diseases our collaborative research effort has produced a highly sensitive device with the potential to perform rapid diagnostics in clinical settings.##

and handling our system can reduce potential exposure to health care workers##says Connor a researcher at Boston University s National Emerging Infectious diseases Laboratories (NEIDL).#

& Microbe challenge infectious disease dogma Skaar says. The thinking has been that if an infection becomes resistant to antibiotics then the resistant organisms appeared clonally meaning they're all genetically the same.

In 30 years of dengue-related research this new mechanism was discovered never according to senior author Professor Mariano Garcia-Blanco of the Program in Emerging Infectious diseases.

and for dengue how the virus has managed to evade these defenses. The work also highlights the differences between the four dengue strains

and how more research is necessary to understand this highly complex virus. Source: National University of Singaporeyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license n

#DNA test could diagnose TB without the wait University of Warwick right Original Studyposted by Kelly Parkes-Harrison-Warwick on September 24 2014 A new approach quickly diagnoses tuberculosis by relying on direct sequencing of DNA

which causes an infection called brucellosis in livestock and humans from a 700-year-old skeleton from Sardinia Italy.

A National institutes of health grant to Hayes and Ziegler through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases supported this work

##Armed with the knowledge of what occurs in the digestive systems of preemies in a controlled environment the researchers next aim to discern what happens in the systems of preemies who don t fare as well particularly those suffering from necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NEC is a devastating disorder in premature infants that causes tissue death in the lining

Previous efforts to develop a strep throat vaccine had resulted in immune system reactions that caused other diseases such as rheumatic fever

not only for the treatment of influenza, but other viral respiratory infections that interact with similar host immune pathways,

each may contribute differently towards the immunity against influenza virus, says Francois Coulombe, a Mcgill Phd student and the study first author. nderstanding their individual role is crucial in developing a new therapy.

and that specific inhibition of PGE2 will be an effective therapy against influenza viral infection by boosting immune responses. i

When an influenza virus infects a human cell, it uses some of the host cellular machinery to make copies of itself,

FAST-SPREADING EPIDEMICS The need for new antiviral drugs against the influenza virus is great.

RSV is the second-leading cause of infant mortality due to infectious disease behind only malaria. ee known for a long time that RSV has increased an propensity,

The lasers travel long distances and identify dangerous materials present within powders that commonly act as carriers for explosive nitrates and lethal biological agents such as anthrax and ricin.

#Rapid TB test could be ready in 18 months A new rapid tuberculosis test shortens diagnosis time on one of the world s deadliest diseases from several weeks to a few hours.

But smartphones are also capable of transforming into competitive diagnostic tools as a team of biomedical engineers out of Columbia University is showing with their new attachment that can detect both HIV and syphilis in a single 15-minute test.

This kind of development is about to be the new norm as diagnostic tools begin to be compatible with our portable devices as well as capable of spitting out results screening for multiple infectious diseases in just minutes.

Some issues are the same ones that plague the adoption of any radically new technology:

it would follow smallpox, which in 1980 became the first disease to be officially wiped out from the planet.

a single case of the infectious disease could spawn new outbreaks of the disease, and export it to the many countries that are now officially polio-free,

#Leprosy bug turns adult cells into stem cells Leprosy bacteria can reprogram cells to revert to a stem-cell-like state,

while researching the way leprosy spreads around the body. The mechanism of the hijacking is unclear,

The initial target of the leprosy bacterium#Mycobacterium leprae#is Schwann cells, which are part of the peripheral nervous system.

but they suspect that the mechanism could exist in other infectious diseases.""Cellular plasticity may represent an underlying mechanism of disease,

A greater understanding of these precise mechanisms could improve treatment and earlier diagnosis of leprosy itself.

Researchers stumbled on the grisly cataloguing technique while studying a form of anthrax that kills chimpanzees in C# te d'Ivoire.

whether the insects could harbour the anthrax bacterium after feasting on infected bodies, but soon realized"that detecting mammal DNA from flies could also be an extremely cool tool for assessing biodiversity,

When influenza hit early and hard in the United states this year, it quietly claimed an unacknowledged victim:

Traditional flu monitoring depends in part on national networks of physicians who report cases of patients with influenza-like illness (ILI)##a diffuse set of symptoms

and has been extended to include surveillance for a second disease, dengue. Sources: Google Flu Trends (www. google. org/flutrends;

SLIDESHOW France's Sentinelles'network of doctors reporting cases of influenza-like illness has produced a clear picture of how the 2012-13#flu season has evolved.

Geoffrey Chang, a structural biologist at the University of California, San diego, says that the findings are very similar to those for the MATE protein from Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera.

which eight horses had developed suddenly hepatitis after being injected with an antitoxin to prevent them from developing botulism.

which includes the viruses behind yellow fever, dengue fever and hepatitis C. It is associated most closely with a genus of newly discovered viruses called Pegivirus,

and mesh combination is so small and bendy that it doesn cause any damage to the surrounding brain tissue, something that often plagues surgical procedures done with a needle, knife or other type of probe.

easy-to-use smart phone attachment (shown above) that can test patients for multiple deadly infectious diseases in 15 minutes.

and active and latent forms of syphilis. Compared with gold standard laboratory tests, the dongle was 96%as accurate in detecting infections,

missing just one case of latent syphilis, the team reports online today in Science Translational Medicine.

But the authors suggest it could be of great value to people fighting MRSA, tuberculosis,

The SARS virus, which is distantly related to MERS, is known to have spread widely in 2003

researchers wondering whether a patient has a particular viral infectionrom herpes and flu to the AIDS virusest blood samples for one pathogen at a time.

says immunologist Richard Koup, deputy director of the Vaccine Research center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (NIAID) in Bethesda, Maryland,

Each year these superbugs including drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis and staphylococcus infect more than 2 million people nationwide

and immunological disorders, but useful predictive DNA-repair-based tests have not been developed, largely because it has been impossible to rapidly analyze several different types of DNA repair capacity at once.

This approach has helped detect infectious diseases and the new technology allows noncommunicable diseases to be detected using the same strategy.

including those for influenza, polio, and measles, consist of a killed or disabled version of a virus. However, for certain diseases,

this type of vaccine is ineffective, or just too risky. An alternative, safer approach is made a vaccine of small fragments of proteins produced by a disease-causing virus or bacterium.

also known as subunit vaccines, have been successful against a few diseases, such as hepatitis and diphtheria. To develop subunit vaccines for other diseases,

This could lead to novel treatment and vaccination strategies in the fight against malaria and other infectious diseases.

For many infectious diseases no vaccine currently exists. In addition resistance against currently used drugs is spreading rapidly.

Since many other pathogens use the same host cell receptor for invasion the nanomimics might also be used against other infectious diseases.

an infectious disease specialist with the Walter reed Army Institute of Research, has shown to be effective at getting the immune system to attack the most lethal species of malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum,

"The pair's research has been supported by a $2 million grant from the National institutes of health and $2 million from the U s. Military Infectious disease Research Program.

an illness such as tuberculosis for instance requires at least six months of drug therapy. It's not only viable for diclofenac Hsu says.

and even tuberculosis#have developed numerous mechanisms to keep themselves alive at all cost#mostly against antibiotics.

director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases, told USA Today. The U k. fund comes from a pool worth $10. 8 million (6. 5 million British pounds),

) geometry (with Droplets measuring angles and distances between them) or the spread of infectious diseases. Using the robots together with an overhead projector allows projecting an RGB coordinate system

was conducted by a team from the Vaccine Research center at the U s. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (NIAID) in Bethesda, Maryland.

Around one-third of the world deadly infectious diseases, including malaria and tuberculosis, are caused by pathogens that spend a large portion of their life inside specially built compartments within their host cells.

These compartments known as arasitophorous vacuoles, separate the host cytoplasm and the parasite by a membrane,

a professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard School of Public health who was involved not in the research. trikingly,

Future work for Sui and Cheng involves expanding the chip's sample processing capacities to include other infectious diseases

as well as detect drug resistance in infectious diseases. To use the camera it is necessary to first isolate

This includes issues that are common in both developed and emerging markets from E coli and Salmonella to SARS and even the norovirus.

Lyme disease and syphilis. The new device uses miniaturised channels and valves to replace"benchtop"assays-tests that require large samples of blood

or debilitating lung conditions including cancer, tuberculosis, asthma and cystic fibrosis. But the Respitetm nebulizer also has the potential to be used to administer insulin to people with diabetes

#Lab on a Chip Acoustofluidic Sputum Liquefaction Device for Safe Asthma and Tuberculosis Diagnostics A device to mix liquids utilizing ultrasonics is the first and most difficult component in a miniaturized system for low-cost analysis

of sputum from patients with pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis and asthma. The device, developed by engineers at Penn State in collaboration with researchers at the National Heart, Lung,

For one, the particles do not seem to degrade over time a problem that plagues the coated nanoparticles. e ran one hundred cycles of writing

Lyme disease and syphilis. The new device uses miniaturized channels and valves to replace"benchtop"assays-tests that require large samples of blood

A team of scientists at the Vaccine Research center (VRC) of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases, part of NIH, created VRC07-acd3 under the leadership of VRC Director John R. Mascola, M d.;

#'Flu severity'gene identified A key gene that governs the severity of influenza infections has been identified.

By studying samples from the 2009 swine flu outbreak, researchers noticed a strong relationship between severity of influenza symptoms and variants in a gene called IFIT3.

and sometimes fatal, illness when they are infected with the influenza virus. Professor Paul Kellam of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute near Cambridge said:'

'When you have this variant you have a four-to fivefold increased chance of severe influenza

from flu to dengue and Ebola,'commented Professor Kellam.''We have broad-spectrum antibiotics that work against a range of bacteria...

During flu epidemics, rapid testing for the rs12252 variant in hospital emergency departments could help to identify people at risk of developing severe influenza and prioritise them for treatment.

Using the test in healthy people could also lead to a personalised approach to influenza vaccination.

pregnant women and people with chronic medical conditions, who are believed to be at greater risk of influenza complications.

Identifying those who are genetically susceptible could help doctors to decide more accurately who should receive influenza vaccination n

Around one-third of the world deadly infectious diseases, including malaria and tuberculosis, are caused by pathogens that spend a large portion of their life inside specially built compartments within their host cells.

These compartments known as arasitophorous vacuoles, separate the host cytoplasm and the parasite by a membrane,

a professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard School of Public health who was involved not in the research. trikingly,

The study was funded by the Stanford Department of Surgery and by the National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases.

including influenza and pneumonia. A report on the experiments is published in the September 1 issue of the journal Anesthesiology.

exposed mice to both influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The team discovered that giving the animals volatile anesthetics, such as halothane,

The researchers report that the anesthetics augmented the antibacterial immune response after influenza viral infection by blocking chemical signaling that involves type I interferon,

as if the animals were infected never with a prior influenza virus. The investigators report that symptoms of piloerection (involuntary bristling of hairs of the skin), hunched posture, impaired gait, labored breathing, lethargy,

suggest that volatile anesthetics may someday be helpful for combatting seasonal and pandemic influenza, particularly when there are flu vaccine shortages or limitations."

and therapies that could change the infectious disease landscape.""The investigators say they are currently testing an oral small molecule immune modulator in phase 2 clinical trials that acts like volatile anesthetics to help reduce secondary infections after someone becomes sick with the flu.

and Blood Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases Extramural Activities and the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders s

Torres also said that these study results challenge the current mindset for finding a vaccine against staphylococcal infections,

Other experiments are set to determine how widespread bacteremia from staphylococcal infections actually shuts down the mammalian body

to see if they are resistant to staphylococcal infection, as well y

#Researchers Find New Clue to Halting Leukemia Relapse A protein domain once considered of little importance may be key to helping patients who are fighting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) avoid a relapse.

The new device uses microfluidics technology and could significantly reduce the cost of sophisticated tests for diseases such as HIV, Lyme disease and syphilis, according to the study authors.

more expensive devices so-called standard short-read technologies other researchers have shown that theye of high enough quality to infer full-length genomes from scratch, for the E coli bacterium, Influenza virus,

and demonstrate for opioid pain relievers can be adapted to produce many plant-derived compounds to fight cancers, infectious diseases and chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and arthritis.

Chief among them is a condition that affects 12 percent of premature newborns, called necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),

US researchers have developed a new low-cost lab-on-a-chip device to aid analysis of sputum from patients with pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis and asthma.

The scientific community hopes to be able to develop a new range of antibiotics to replace those that are increasingly losing their ability to work against infections like tuberculosis.

After that, they're also aiming to detect antibodies for syphilis and herpes. One of the big advantages of their method is its cost:

The electrodes used to detect the electrical current can be had for five to 10 cents each,

'What happens when a member of the team comes down with cellulitis or pneumonia? We have got to use telemedicine to tele-mentor them on the diagnosis and treatment.

and thus curb infectious disease. Plant and animal breeders may find it useful, too, for creating new strains of crops and livestock.

Its USAID-funded Control and Prevention of Tuberculosis Project, which Techonomy highlighted in January, does this for health workers in Thailand and China with Qstream,

and size of lab tests A new device could make it much cheaper and easier to perform lab tests on blood and fluid for disorders like HIV and Lyme disease.

infectious diseases and chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and arthritis. any medicines are derived from plants, which our ancestors chewed

shows that one toxin linked to cholera and other diseases, which hones in on a popular and plentiful protein target,

and is an important player in the body's response to an infectious disease. In particular, actin is a molecular motor that enables immune cells to chase

cholera (Vibrio cholera), septicemia or gastroenteritis from eating infected raw oysters (Vibrio vulnificus) and gastric illnesses that threaten people with weakened immune systems (Aeromonas hydrophila.

long-term it could have a tremendous impact on the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases worldwide, especially in low and middle-income countries.

and water contaminants Sensors that identify infectious disease and food contaminants may soon be printed on paper using ordinary office inkjet printers.

Virocap has the capacity to detect a vast array of viruses, from the big, bad scary ones such as Ebola or SARS, to the everyday rhinoviruses and noroviruses that cause colds and gastrointestinal flu.

On back-to-back days in late September, a specialty tuberculosis drug saw its price raised 2, 600 percent,

while a 62-year-old drug that is the standard of care for life-threatening infectious diseases experienced a 5, 000 percent overnight increase.

acquired the infectious disease drug Daraprim in August. Turing then raised the price to $750 a tablet from $13. 50, bringing the annual cost of treatment for some patients to hundreds of thousands of dollars.

microbiologists and infectious disease specialists led by Eric A. Franzosa of Harvard's School of Public health and the Massachusetts institute of technology's Broad Institute.

Health Threats Loom Over Survivors The aftermath of the Nepal earthquake brings a risk of disease outbreaks including measles and diarrheal diseases among the survivors,

"You're more at risk for something like a measles outbreak,"under these conditions, Tidey said.

if people may need to be vaccinated to prevent measles spread, Tidey said. One challenge after disasters like the Nepal earthquake is just providing people with the care they would normally need in their daily lives."

"said Dr. William Petri, an expert on parasitic infections and chief of the Division of Infectious diseases & International Health at the University of Virginia.

and that this could have a broad impact on the field of infectious diseases. The finding was published today (Sept. 8) in the journal Scientific Reports.

"said Dr. William Petri, an expert on parasitic infections and chief of the Division of Infectious diseases & International Health at the University of Virginia.

and that this could have a broad impact on the field of infectious diseases. The finding was published today (Sept. 8) in the journal Scientific Reports.

But when their population booms, they can quickly become a plague, consuming coral reefs--their favorite food--with a frenzied fervor.

SNAS could be used to target anything from influenza to different forms of cancer. They also can be used to suppress the immune response

He worries more about gremlins that plague today's reverse osmosis membranes--growths on membrane surfaces that clog them (called"biofouling)

Dr. Sharp and project co-leader Joshua Nosanchuk, M d.,professor of medicine at Einstein and attending physician, infectious diseases at Montefiore Medical center, developed a wound-healing therapy that uses

Researchers say the technology has many potential applications. ne may be able to directly observe an influenza virus, HIV,

The device is designed to detect syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis, the most common in the category,

and herpes. Other STDS are tested by confirming virus or bacterial presence in swabs or sample tissue from the patient.

The research focuses on the major human pathogen group A Streptococcus (trep) Among the most important of all human infectious disease agents,

says her test could also be adapted to detect HIV, Dengue and Yellow fever viruses, Lyme disease, and even certain cancers.

'Office inkjet printer could produce simple tool to identify infectious disease, food contaminants Consumers are one step closer to benefiting from packaging that could give simple text warnings

For patients suspected of having infectious diseases like C. diff, this technology allows doctors to quickly

The research may have applications in a clinical setting for protecting premature infants from a range of intestinal diseases including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),

what type of influenza it is, and it can differentiate between a human strain and a bird strain,"said Neethirajan."

and influenza using a strategy called lethal mutagenesis. This strategy seeks to extinguish viruses by forcing their already high mutation rates above an intolerable threshold.

as well as detect drug resistance in infectious diseases. To use the camera it is necessary to first isolate

The discovery, details of which are presented in the latest issue of Clinical Infectious diseases, suggests that measures applied in hospitals during gastroenteritis outbreaks may be insufficient to effectively contain this kind of infection.

"The UC Berkeley engineers teamed up with Dr. Thomas Nutman from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases,

and the U s. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases report their discoveries and implications for future studies of epidemic diseases in an upcoming Journal of Clinical Investigation (early online).

But group A strep is also the major cause of preventable childhood heart disease caused by rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

who is director for the Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious disease Research at Houston Methodist.

Musser and team are hopeful findings from their model study will allow other infectious disease researchers to use analogous strategies that focus on other pathogens, like Staphylococcus aureus (the leading cause of skin and soft-tissue infections),

"said the trial's co-primary investigator, Sheri D. Weiser, MD, MPH, UCSF associate professor of medicine at the UCSF Division of HIV, Infectious diseases and Global Medicine at San francisco General

Many of the most threatening diseases are transmitted by so-called RNA VIRUSES, such as HIV, influenza, and hepatitis C. What they have in common is that the genome does not consist of DNA, but RNA.

The researchers report that the anesthetics augmented the antibacterial immune response after influenza viral infection by blocking chemical signaling that involves type I interferon

as if the animals were infected never with a prior influenza virus. Array"Our study is giving us more information about how volatile anesthetics work with respect to the immune system,

suggest that volatile anesthetics may someday be helpful for combatting seasonal and pandemic influenza, particularly when there are flu vaccine shortages or limitations."

and therapies that could change the infectious disease landscape.""The investigators say they are currently testing an oral small molecule immune modulator in phase 2 clinical trials that acts like volatile anesthetics to help reduce secondary infections after someone becomes sick with the flu u

#Study creates cell immunity to parasite that infects 50 million There are two common approaches to protecting humans from infectious disease:

MD, Phd, chief of the Division of Infectious diseases & International Health at the University of Virginia led to the idea of applying an innovative cancer science technique to the study of infectious disease.

but also proof that this cancer-science approach can be used to explore genetic mechanisms of resistance in the field of infectious disease,

The field of infectious disease has been focused on the infection, targeting pathogens and their transmission. This study shows that in addition to characteristics of the parasite,

as well as drugs used for treatment of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Using computer-generated model speeds up the drug discovery process The new drug-like compounds discovered by Vogel

as well as drugs used for treatment of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS. Using computer-generated model speeds up the drug discovery process The new drug-like compounds discovered by Vogel

I envisage that our lab-in-a-briefcase could also be developed further in the future to allow for rapid testing of infectious diseases and allergens."

infectious diseases and chronic illnesses. A similar"synthetic biology"technique is used already to make artemisenin, a key malaria-drug ingredient that was derived previously from trees (see Reuters story of August 12, 2014, http://reut. rs/1j2ovkj).

Waterborne diseases, such as typhoid or diarrhoeal illnesses, kill 1. 5 million people a year globally.

particularly steroid-resistant and influenza-exacerbated asthma, and to test these drugs in patients with asthma.

The experiments were conducted with serum samples from the AIDS and Infectious diseases Network (SIDA-MI) cohort of the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ.

The UC Berkeley engineers teamed up with Dr. Thomas Nutman from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (NIAID),

said Michael Osterholm, Director of the Center for Infectious disease Research and Policy in Twin cities, Minnesota,

but the scientistslong-term goal is to develop a vaccine-independent method to prevent flu infections. f we were to have an outbreak of some pandemic influenza virus similar to

The method involves raising the level of a protein that is known to be effective against all strains of influenza ever tested.

The protein effective against influenza is called IFITM3 (pronounced I-fit-M-3, for interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3). Under natural conditions,

and fend off an influenza attack. This enzyme, also a protein, proved to be the silver bullet in Yount work on flu prevention.

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