| Avalanche (12) |  |
| Earthquake (221) | |
| Tsunami (27) | |
| Volcano eruption (43) | |
| Avalanche (12) | |
| Earthquake (221) | |
| Tsunami (27) | |
| Volcano eruption (43) | |
after a 6. 8 magnitude earthquake devastated the country. The temblor leveled entire towns and cities, killing more than 25,000 Armenians, two-thirds of them children.
With support from the Armenian Relief Society, Goenjian and his colleagues helped establish a pair of psychiatric clinics that treated earthquake survivors for 21 years.
and prediction system to respond to offshore accidents tsunamis and other natural disasters. The new mart Oceans BCPROGRAM will use marine sensors
and water quality in major shipping arteries and will include a system to predict the impact of offshore earthquakes tsunamis storm surge and underwater landslides.
NC will use an IBM on-premise cloud to run simulations on earthquakes and tsunamis with a goal of predicting their behaviour and potential impact on coastal areas.
This information will benefit a broad spectrum of audiences from public safety agencies to public transportation tourism
#Improved tsunami alert system through international partnerships Tsunamis are not very frequent events, but they can have a terrible impact on human life and on the economy of a country.
They occur as a result of earthquakes, usually at the bottom of the sea. But at present such earthquakes cannot be foreseen.
Quick responses are therefore vital. sunamis travel very quickly and occur relatively near the shore.
It may be only a matter of 15-20 minutes after the earthquake that the wave hits the shore,
which detects tsunamis as early as possible and allows emergency agencies to improve their responses.
The system positions sensors at sea and on the coast to pick up earthquakes and to determine the size of the tsunami waves that they are likely to produce
and where they will strike on the coastline. DEWS processes this data and provides authorities with all the relevant information needed for making a decision on the type of public warning messages that are required.
as well as the National Earthquake Information Centre in Jakarta. With the support of local staff DEWS was installed successfully at BMKG for evaluation
Similar patterns to those in solar flares can also be found in earthquakes avalanches or the stock market. olar explosions do not of course have any connection with stock exchange ratessays Hermann
The pile continues to grow until every now and then an avalanche is triggered. Smaller landslides occur more frequently than larger ones.
#Drop an internet in the ocean to detect tsunamis University at Buffalo rightoriginal Studyposted by Cory Nealon-Buffalo on October 14 2013a deep-sea internet network is expected to improve the way scientists detect tsunamis monitor pollution
and the projectâ#lead researcher. aking this information available to anyone with a smartphone or computer especially when a tsunami or other type of disaster occurs could help save lives. elodia will present his paper at the Association for Computing Machineryâ
For example NOAA relies on acoustic waves to send data from tsunami sensors on the sea floor to surface buoys.
A deep-sea internet has many applications Melodia says including linking together buoy networks that detect tsunamis.
and remain standing even after volcanic eruptions end and lava levels fall again. In a new study published in the Journal of Volcanology
#Is this mineral to blame for deep earthquakes? University of Chicago rightoriginal Studyposted by Steve Koppes-Chicago on September 25 2013scientists are closer to understanding deep earthquakes which occur
when tectonics drive the oceanic crust under continental plates. Their new research is a large step toward replicating the full power of these earthquakesâ##to learn what sets them off
-triggered brittle failures during the olivine-spinel (mineral) phase transformation has many similar features to deep earthquakes. ang
and a team of scientists simulated deep earthquakes by using a pressure of 5 gigapascals more than double the previous studies of 2 GPA.
and erupt into violent earthquakes yet it does. And that has puzzled scientists since the phenomenon of deep earthquakes was discovered nearly 100 years ago.
Interest spiked with the May 24 2013 eruption in the waters near Russia of the world s strongest deep earthquakeâ##roughly five times the power of the great San francisco quake of 1906.
These deep earthquakes occur in older and colder areas of the oceanic plate that gets pushed into the earth s mantle.
It has been speculated that the earthquakes are triggered when a mineral common in the upper mantle olivine undergoes a transformation that weakens the whole rock temporarily causing it to fail. ur current goal is to understand why
and how deep earthquakes happen. We are not at a stage to predict them yet.
More than 20 years ago geologist Harry Green of University of California Riverside and colleagues discovered a high-pressure failure mechanism that they proposed then was sought the long mechanism of very deep earthquakes (earthquakes
and showed that it coincides with the locations of deep earthquakes. In the September 20 issue of Science Green and colleagues explain how to simulate these earthquakes. e confirmed essentially all aspects of our earlier experimental work
and extended the conditions to significantly higher pressuregreen says. The ability to do such experiments allows scientists like Green to simulate the appropriate conditions within the Earth
which earthquakes happen at hundreds of kilometers depth. The origin of deep earthquakes fundamentally differs from that of shallow earthquakes (earthquakes occurring at less than a depth of 50 kilometers/31 miles.
In the case of shallow earthquakes theories of rock fracture rely on the properties of coalescing cracks
and friction. ut as pressure and temperature increase with depth intracrystalline plasticity dominates the deformation regime
and undergoes a transformation resulting in spinel a mineral of higher density. he research team focused on the role that phase transformations of olivine might play in triggering deep earthquakes.
and found the arthquakesonly within a narrow temperature range that simulates conditions where the real earthquakes occur in Earth. sing synchrotron X-rays to aid our observations we found that fractures nucleate at the onset of the olivine to spinel transitiongreen says. urther these fractures propagate dynamically
These phase transitions in olivine we argue in our research paper provide an attractive mechanism for how very deep earthquakes take place. ang says researchers next goal is to study the material silicate olivine which requires much higher pressures.
In the last few decades seismometers measuring earthquakes travelling through the Earth s core have identified an eastwards
The recipe for Roman concrete was described around 30 BC by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio an engineer for Octavian who became Emperor Augustus. The not-so-secret ingredient is volcanic ash
whether volcanic ash would be a good large-volume substitute in countries without easy access to fly ash an industrial waste product from the burning of coal that is commonly used to produce modern green concrete.#
#Many countries don t have fly ash so the idea is to find alternative local materials that will work including the kind of volcanic ash that Romans used.
Saudi arabia has#mountains of volcanic ash#that could potentially be used in concrete Monteiro says. The Loeb Classical Library Foundation Harvard university and the Department of energy provided additional funding.
as if a tsunami coming, said Lee Sung-hee, the South korean Alzheimer Association president, who trains nursing home staff members,
if the grid goes down in an earthquake or storm##a key selling point as climate change spawns increasingly powerful hurricanes and tornadoes.
The system could be especially useful after avalanches and earthquakes, when people might be buried under many feet of snow or rubble.
The resulting debris derailed production as the avalanche created numerous hazardous areas where humans could no longer venture.
The oceanic crust is formed at ridges between tectonic plates, where rising lava meets sea water and cools.
Researchers surveying Lake Neuchâtel for evidence of past earthquakes spotted the craters near the lake northwestern shore near the Jura Mountains.
The team was using ship-based sonar to search for sediment that had been disturbed by earthquakes.
The swiss Alps occasionally shake from earthquakes of up to magnitude 6, studies have shown. Scientists are also investigating the risk of earthquake
-and landslide-triggered tsunamis in Alpine lakes. In the past decade researchers have discovered that tsunamis wiped out villages along the shores of both Lake Geneva and Lake Lucerne in the past 1, 500 years.
But instead of ancient quake or tsunami deposits, Reusch and her colleagues stumbled upon an enormous feature they dubbed Chez-le-Bart crater (razy crater. never expected anything like this,
Reusch said. he craters were so interesting that we simply had to take a closer look at this phenomenon,
she added. No one knows for sure how the craters formed, but the pits appear to occasionally spill over, perhaps violently, the researchers reported.
At least one crater directly overlies a major earthquake fault. For instance, water inside Crazy crater is 47 degrees Fahrenheit (8. 4 degrees Celsius),
This caused the gold to emit an avalanche of X-rays that bombarded the stone triggering powerful compression waves inside it.
When an earthquake and tsunami struck Japan Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011, knocking out emergency power supplies,
An earthquake and a caterpillarin general, the researchers found that when atoms in the ion crystal were spaced regularly,
as the atoms collectively jump to the next trough. t like an earthquake, Vuletic says. here force building up,
Aguilar conceived of the Explorer after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, as a student at both MIT Sloan and the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard university.
#7. 1-Magnitude Earthquake Hit Off The Coast Of Japan A 7. 1-magnitude earthquake hit off the coast of Japan earlier today about 200 miles east of the town of Namie
and the Japan Meteorological Agency put out a tsunami advisory for several coastal regions asking people to leave the coast immediately.
However by 4: 05 a m. local time (3: 05 p m. Eastern time in the U s.)the agency cancelled the tsunami warning as the first waves driven by the quake didn't go over the 3-foot mark.
In March 2011 the M9 0 earthquake that struck about 59 miles north of this event#displaced huge amounts of ocean water as the Pacific tectonic plate slipped under the Okhotsk#plate#triggering#a massive tsunami that killed thousands and knocked out
Since then multiple earthquakes have struck this region including a M7. 3 quake in December of last year
Scientists could use it to test new apps such as an earthquake monitor that uses a phone's accelerometer to measure quake intensity.
The Packbot was also the first remote controlled robot to enter the Fukushima nuclear facility after the East Japan Earthquake and tsunami in March 2011.
#Second Deadly Quake Hits Nepal Near Everest At least 16 people were killed in a new earthquake that struck devastated Nepal on Tuesday, according to a bulletin from the country's disaster agency.
"According to local government, some houses damaged by the previous earthquake collapsed. Since residents were transferred to safe areas last time
Waves can be produced to mimic anything from rough waters to tsunamis. By generating choppy waters, enormous waves and the like, scientists hope to better test standards for dykes, dunes,
bacteria and other microbes can also contaminate rivers and lakes for example, the algal blooms in Hong kong.
#Major earthquake strikes Nepal A major earthquake has struck eastern Nepal, two weeks after more than 8, 000 people were killed in a devastating quake.
The latest earthquake hit near the town of Namche Bazar, near Mount everest. The US Geological Survey said it had a magnitude of 7. 4. An earthquake on 25 april,
centred in western Nepal, had a magnitude of 7. 8. The latest tremor was felt as far away as the Indian capital Delhi,
which was damaged badly in last month's earthquake.""This is a really big one,"Prakash Shilpakar,
The epicentre of the latest earthquake was 83km (52 miles) east of Kathmandu, in a rural area close to the Chinese border.
Shallower earthquakes are more likely to cause more damage at the surface. The BBC's Yogita Limaye, who was with an aid convoy in Nepal
when the latest earthquake struck, tweeted:""We're safe. Did feel the earth shake for quite a long time.
"After the 2004 (Indian ocean) tsunami, it became evident-particularly in Sri lanka which was impacted severely-that those villages that had suffered intact mangroves significantly less damage than those that did not.
A report by the International union for conservation of nature (IUCN) published 12 months after the devastating tsunami compared two coastal villages in Sri lanka that were hit by the wall of water.
Using a type of bacteria that is typically found near active volcanoes researchers mix them into the concrete along with calcium lactate.
Using a type of bacteria that is typically found near active volcanoes, and near soda lakes like those near Wadi Natrun in Egypt, the researchers mix the bio material into the concrete as it is made.
when giant pools of magma greater than 100 cubic miles in volume and formed a few miles below the surface will erupt.
They occur when giant pools of magma greater than 100 cubic miles in volume form a few miles below the surface
The most recent super-eruption took place about 27,000 years ago in New zealand, well before humans kept records of volcanic eruptions and their aftermath.
and how rapidly these magma bodies develop and what causes them to eventually erupt. Despite considerable study, geologists are still debating how quickly these magma pools can be activated and erupted
with estimates ranging from millions to hundreds of years. Now a team of geologists have developed a new'geospeedometer'that they argue can help resolve this controversy by providing direct measurements of how long the most explosive types of magma existed as melt-rich bodies of crystal-poor magma before they erupted.
They have applied their new technique to two super-eruption sites and a pair of very large eruptions and found that it took them no more than 500 years to move from formation to eruption.
Timekeepers of short-lived giant magma bodies'appearing in the November issue of the journal Geology.
'The measurements that have been made indicate that this magma body doesn't currently have a high-enough percentage of melt to produce a super-eruption.
The researchers'geospeedometer is sized based on millimeter quartz crystals that grew within the magma bodies that produced these giant eruptions.
Quartz crystals are typically found in magmas that have a high percentage of silica. This type of magma is very viscous
and commonly produces extremely violent eruptions. Mount st helens was a recent example. When the crystals form
they often capture small blobs of molten magma known as blebs or melt inclusions. Blebs are initially round.
While the crystal is floating in hot magma, diffusion causes them to gradually acquire the polygonal shape of the crystal void that they occupy.
SCIENTISTS FIND MASSIVE NEW MAGMA CHAMBER UNDER YELLOWSTONE In the heart of Yellowstone national park a supervolcano releases around 45,000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide each day.
But the magma chamber lying directly beneath its surface is considered not large enough to produce such levels,
Previous research found a relatively small magma chamber, known as the upper-crustal magma reservoir, directly beneath the surface in 2013 that measures 2
Hsin-Hua Huang from the University of Utah and his colleagues tracked seismic waves from almost 5, 000 earthquakes.
to calculate how long the crystal existed in the magma before the eruption, 'said Pamukcu. In addition, the researchers compared the results obtained with faceting with results obtained using other techniques.
as long as they erupt magmas that contain quartz crystals, 'said Pamukcu.''We are also confident that we can adapt these techniques to work with other minerals,
which will allow us to make similar timescale calculations for other types of magmas and volcanoes,
'VOLCANO'S GLOBAL DEVASTATION A volcanic eruption of a similar size to Laki eruption that hit Iceland in 1783 could have global impacts according to the new report.
the discovery of an alternative mechanism for its activation is likely to stimulate an avalanche of further research in this field,
#Biodegradable implant could simplify bone replacement surgery Combining cornstarch with volcanic ash clay to create a plastic for bone grafts could make the surgical process of bone replacement much simpler in the future.
solar-powered mobile phone network for use in disasters like floods and earthquakes when regular communications are disrupted often.
when it was struck by a massive earthquake in 2010. But that system could only send text messages to its subscribers on their mobile phones,
#Nepal Earthquake: Health Threats Loom Over Survivors The aftermath of the Nepal earthquake brings a risk of disease outbreaks including measles and diarrheal diseases among the survivors,
and humanitarian agencies are rushing to bring aid to help. The 7. 8-magnitude earthquake that hit the region Saturday (April 25) has had a devastating impact,
with an estimated 7 million people affected, including 2. 8 million children, according to the United nations children's fund (UNICEF).
Diarrheal and respiratory diseases are some of health experts'main concerns in the earthquake's aftermath."
One challenge after disasters like the Nepal earthquake is just providing people with the care they would normally need in their daily lives."
But now, after the earthquake"it will be difficult just to continue business as usual, "Milzman said.
Some remote villages still have not received assistance, two days after the earthquake, according to the New york times. Although the 2010 Haiti earthquake presented challenges, the Nepal earthquake is in some ways more challenging because of its remote location,
#Nepal Earthquake Destroys Historic Temples The massive earthquake that killed more than 5, 000 people in Nepal over the weekend also left dozens of historic buildings in ruins.
I am aggrieved deeply by the magnitude of human loss caused by the earthquake in Nepal,"Irina Bokova,
"Bigger Earthquake Coming on Nepal's Terrifying Faults Several buildings in the seven UNESCO monument zones in Kathmandu Valley the cultural heart of Nepal were destroyed when the 7. 8-magnitude
earthquake struck 50 miles (80 kilometers) northwest of the capital, Kathmandu, on Saturday (April 25. There was extensive damage to the medieval temples that line the UNESCO-designated Durbar Squares
and it was filled with tourists climbing the spiral staircase at the time of the earthquake.
after it was damaged during the magnitude-8. 0 earthquake that struck on Jan 15, 1934, and killed more than 10,000 people.
#Nepal Earthquake Photos: Odd Effects of Kathmandu Temblor European space agency's (ESA) Sentinel-1a radar satellite passed over Kathmandu, Nepal, Wednesday (April 29.
and calculate how the ground shifted during the earthquake. In the DLR map, areas that moved upwards are blue
DLR/EOC) Rainbow fringes Interferogram of Kathmandu, Nepal, before and after the earthquake. The Sentinel-1a interferogram (created by combining radar images taken on April 17 and April 29) over Kathmandu, Nepal.
The colors show deformation in the earth caused by the 7. 8-magnitude earthquake. The eastest"fringes"cross the city,
this interferogram shows changes on the ground that occurred during the 25 april earthquake that struck Nepal.
Combining two Sentinel-1a radar scans from 17 and 29 april 2015, this interferogram shows changes on the ground that occurred during the 25 april earthquake that struck Nepal.
after the 7. 8-magnitude earthquake struck on April 25. Based on imagery from the Worldview-3 satellite acquired on April 28,
after the 7. 8-magnitude earthquake struck on April 25. Mount everest shrinking Mount everest Before & After Earthquake This side-by-side comparison shows Mount everest before and after the earthquake.
The 7. 8-magnitude quake on April 25 shook Everest and triggered a terrifying avalanche. In the April 28 image (left there are no major changes visible from the earthquake
and avalanche due to fresh snow cover and clouds over Everest, according to NASA. The April 23 photo was captured by Landsat 8,
which is operated by NASA and the United states Geological Society (USGS). The April 28 image was taken by NASA's Earth Observing-1 satellite.
Image Credit: NASA Earth Observatory) Emitted light Kathmandu Satellite Image-Emitted Light This satellite image shows the city of Kathmandu and its surrounding areas after the April 25 earthquake.
The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite, operated by NASA and the National oceanic and atmospheric administration, detected a decrease in emitted light over Kathmandu, based on a comparison between images taken pre-earthquake, on April 22, 2015,
and after the earthquake, on April 26, 2015. The red and yellow colors indicate areas with the largest decrease in emitted light possibly because of electrical outages and damage to key infrastructure
according to NASA. Image Credit: Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPORT) team/Marshall Space flight Center) Nepal districts affected Satellite Photo of Nepal Districts After Earthquake This satellite image shows 11 districts in Nepal
that were affected by the earthquake. The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite was used to compare image of the region before and after the earthquake,
and detected a decrease in emitted light over Kathmandu and its surrounding region. Image Credit:
Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPORT) team/Marshall Space flight Center F
#Major 7. 3-Magnitude Earthquake Aftershock Hits Nepal A 7. 3-magnitude earthquake struck Nepal this morning (May 12), toppling buildings and killing at least a dozen people.
The temblor was centered 11 miles (18 kilometers) southeast of Kodari, Nepal, and 47 miles (76 km) east-northeast of the Nepalese capital of Kathmandu.
a magnitude-7. 8 earthquake (called the Gorkha earthquake) located about 90 miles (150 km) to the west of this aftershock, according to the U s. Geological Survey.
The May 12 earthquake occurred due to faulting associated with the Main Himalayan Thrust where the India plate is slamming into the Eurasia plate to the north.
This area has a history of powerful earthquakes: Before the April 25 temblor, four magnitude-6 or larger earthquakes within 155 miles (250 km) of this area in the past century, according to the USGS. One such event, a magnitude-6. 9
quake killed nearly 1, 500 people in August 1988. The largest of these, a magnitude-8. 0 earthquake known as the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake, ruptured a large part of the fault to the south of the May 12 quake
and caused around 10,600 fatalities, the USGS reported. Like the April 25 earthquake, this one was relatively shallow,
occurring just 9. 3 miles (15 km) belowground; the shallower a quake the more shaking at the surface, geologists say.
Earth scientists had anticipated major aftershocks and even larger earthquakes in the area. In fact, a recent study found that smaller aftershocks strike within the main earthquake rupture,
whereas the biggest aftershocks tend to strike at the edge of where the original earthquake occurred.
And that was the case for this one, which hit on the eastern edge of the April 25 rupture zone.
which an operator sends a large fleet of machines into a specific area of a tsunami-ravaged region.
The conjecture is that this arises from an avalanche of electrons from the top surface of the film to the bottom,
#Earthquake algorithm picks up the brain vibrations Your brain is buzzing. Analysing those natural vibrations might help spot tumours and other abnormalities,
and now an algorithm normally used to study earthquakes has been adapted to do just that. The elasticity of different parts of the body is a useful way to tell
who study how to extract information from the seismic waves created by earthquakes. He borrowed the algorithm his colleagues used to analyse the Earth vibrations,
#Massive Earthquake Shakes Nepal; Avalanches On Everest An earthquake struck Nepal early Saturday causing numerous casualties,
large amounts of damage to structures and avalanches on Mount everest where a closely watched climbing season was started just getting.
The magnitude 7. 8 earthquake occurred only 50 miles away from Nepal's capital, Katmandu.
Last year, an avalanche in April killed 16 Sherpa guides, a tragedy that brought the climbing season to an abrupt end.
But the movement of the earth's tectonic plates isn't like the smooth movement of gears in a machine.
like the one that caused the earthquake Saturday, is a fault where one part of the earth is pushed up and over another section of the earth.
Living in an area between a rock (the Indian subcontinent) and a hard place (Eurasia) residents of the region have gotten used to earthquakes.
A 2005 earthquake in neighboring Kashmir killed 75,000 people, and left millions homeless. Those kinds of large earthquakes aren't as common in Nepal.
The USGS reports that in the past 100 years only four earthquakes larger than a magnitude 6. 0 on the Richter scale have occurred in the immediate area.
The most recent was in 1988, a 6. 9 temblor that killed 1500. The largest in that time frame was a magnitude 8 in 1934 that killed around 10,000,
But just because a large earthquake hadn't occurred in Nepal recently didn't mean that people weren't worried about it.
Early calculations suggest that this magnitude 7. 8 earthquake is probably not big enough to rupture all the way to the surface,
and we should probably expect another big earthquake to the west and south of this one in the coming decades, Laurent Bollinger,
#Humanitarian Mapping Program To Help Nepal Earthquake Recovery Efforts Pallets of supplies, including shelter kits
The death toll of the earthquake that shook Nepal over the weekend just topped 5, 000.
akin to earthquake tremors on land. Cell phones, for example, use resonances of these surface waves to filter electric signals in a manner similar to a wine glass resonating when a voice hits it at exactly the right pitch.
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